Nangona isibakala sokuba ukususela ngo-1989 ukuthengiswa kweempondo zendlovu akuvunyelwanga kwihlabathi lonke, kusekho imfuneko enkulu yezi zinto, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukubulawa kweendlovu ngokungekho mthethweni kusasebenza. Ngenxa yale nto kunye nezinye izinto ezivela kwimisebenzi yabantu, namhlanje, iintlobo zeendlovu ezikhoyo zisengozini yokunyamalala. Fumana ngezantsi ukuba iindlovu ziseMngciphekweni woKutshabalala ngenene.
Ngaba Iindlovu Zisesichengeni?
Iindlovu zigqama kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bazo kunye namabamba awoyikisayo, kwaye indlovu yaseAfrika ithathwa njengesona silwanyana sikhulu emhlabeni. Phezu kwako nje oku, ukutyhubela iminyaka, amanani eendlovu aye ancipha kakhulu yaye namhlanje afikelela kumawaka, endaweni yezigidi ezazikho kudala.
Iindlovu zisemngciphekweni wokuphela kwaye oku kuyinyani ekufuneka ngamnye wethu ayithathele ingqalelo kakhulu. Zizilwanyana ezikhulu ezinendawo ebalaseleyo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi, nangona kunjalo abantu bazo basendle bayaqhubeka nokuhla ngamanani awothusayo. Ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukubanceda baphile: imfundo yabantu kulo mbandela, imizamo yokulondoloza esebenzayo, ukuvalelwa kwabazingeli kunye nokukhuselwa kwendawo yokuhlala yendalo yezi zilwanyana.
Ukuze uqonde ukuba kutheni le nto yenzekile kwaye kutheni le ntlobo ithathwa njengesengozini yokunyamalala, siyakumema ukuba ufunde le mihlathi ilandelayo kunye neenkcukacha malunga neentlobo zayo ezahlukeneyo kunye nenkqubo yokuzala, apho siya kongeza ezinye zemilinganiselo yokuba oorhulumente. kwaye amaziko sele ethatha ukusindisa olu hlobo ekutshabalaleni.
Iintlobo zeendlovu
Kumaxesha amandulo kwakukho malunga nama-350 eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendlovu ehlabathini lonke, noko ke, njengoko ixesha lihamba, phantse zonke ziye zanyamalala. Namhlanje, iintlobo ezi-2 ziphila, enye yazo inezinye i-3 subspecies. Ezi zilandelayo zintlobo ezikhoyo ngoku zeendlovu:
Indlovu yaseAsia
Indlovu yaseAsia (i-Elephas maximus) ivela kweli lizwekazi, kwaye inokufumaneka eSumatra, eSri Lanka, eIndiya, eChina nase-Indonesia. Ihlala kwiindawo ezinamatyholo kunye neendawo ezivulekileyo apho uhlaza olusezantsi luxhaphake. Ubude bayo buphakathi kwe-2 ne-2,5 yeemitha, kwaye inobunzima obuyi-5.500 yeekhilogram.
Ngokubhekiselele kwinkangeleko yayo, indlovu yaseAsia ibonisa umzimba onemisipha eninzi, kunye nolusu olungwevu nolumdaka. Intloko inde kwaye inomfanekiso owahlukileyo ebunzi, ngelixa iindlebe zayo zincinci kunezo zeqabane layo laseAfrika. Olu hlobo lunoxolo kakhulu kwaye luyahlalisana, ludibana ngokwamaqela abantu abangaphezu kweshumi elinesibini kwaye amadoda ahlala eyedwa ngandlel’ ithile kuneemazi. Iintlobo zayo ezintathu zezi zilandelayo:
- Indlovu yaseSri Lanka (Elephas maximus maximus).
- Indlovu yaseIndiya (Elephas maximus indicus).
- Indlovu yeSumatran (Elephas maximus sumatranus).
African Savannah Elephant
Indlovu yase-Afrika yasehlathini (Loxodonta africana) yaziwa njengesona silwanyana sanyisayo sikhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Umzimba wayo unokuba nobude obufikelela kwi-7,5 yeemitha, ngaphezu kweemitha ezi-4 ukuphakama kwaye, ngokomyinge, amadoda anobunzima beetoni ezi-6. Iimazi zidla ngokuba ncinane noko, ezinobude obufikelela kwi-3 yeemitha kunye nobunzima obuziitoni eziyi-4,5.
Ulusu lwayo lungwevu okanye lumdaka ngoboya kwincam yomsila. Iinkunzi ziba namabamba endlovu amaninzi. Indlovu yaseAfrika ikwaluhlobo oluhlalisanayo nolunoxolo, luhlala ngokwamaqela abantu abafikelela kuma-20, alawulwa ngamabhinqa.
inkqubo yokuzala
Ukuthandana phakathi kwenkunzi nemazi yendlovu kokwexeshana yaye kubandakanya ukuhlikihla imizimba yazo kwanokuwola imiboko yazo. Imazi ibaleka inkunzi kwaye kufuneka iyileqe ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba ikhule. Inkunzi iphephezelisa iindlebe zayo ngaphezu kwesiqhelo xa sele ilungele ukukhwelana, nto leyo ekwaziyo ukunweba ivumba layo ngakumbi ukuze itsale iimazi ezinokubakho. Iinkunzi ezindala, ezineminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-50 ubudala, zezona zidla ngokudibana neemazi. Abasetyhini bafikelela ekukhuleni ngokwesondo malunga ne-14 leminyaka ubudala.
Kubakho ubundlongo-ndlongo phakathi kweenkunzi ukuze kufumaneke amalungelo esi sibini yaye ke ngoko ekuzaleni, eyona incinane ayinakukwazi ukumelana namandla eendlovu ezindala, ngoko ke azikhweli de zaluphele. Oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukwandisa inani leendlovu ezikhoyo. Iinkunzi azifane zilimazane ngokwasemzimbeni xa zisilwela ilungelo lokutshata okanye lokuzala. Amaxesha amaninzi amadoda amancinci ayawuphepha umlo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba le nkqubo ayenzelwanga ngenxa yoloyiko kodwa yintlonipho nokuncoma abadala.
Inkqubo yokumitha kwendlovu yeyona inde kwizilwanyana, kuba ithatha iinyanga ezingama-22. Zinobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-260 ekuzalweni kwazo, yaye imizekelo emincinane ibonisa ubuhle obumangalisayo ngeendlebe nemisila emide, nangona izelwe iyimfama. Zikhathalelwa kakuhle kakhulu ngumhlambi weendlovu. Unina, kwakunye nezinye iimazi, baqinisekisa ukuba eli bhinqa lisandul’ ukufika likhuselekile. Idla ngokulandela unina xa umhlambi usendleleni, ibambe umboko wayo omncinane emsileni wayo.
Iimazi ezingazaliyo zinyamekela amantshontsho ngokungathi ngawazo. Oku kuvumela oomama ukuba baye kutya ukuze bavelise ubisi oluninzi kumantshontsho. Indlovu encinci ingancanca ukuya kutsho kwiilitha ezilishumi zolu bisi suku ngalunye. Amathole endlovu akajongwa njengakwiqondo eliphezulu lokukwazi ukuphila njengezinye iintlobo, yiyo lonto exhomekeke kakhulu koonina kunye nezinye iimazi emhlambini.
Bafunda izakhono ezitsha ngokukhawuleza ngokuqwalasela, bayanconywa xa besenza kakuhle, kwaye banokukhalinyelwa xa bengayilandeli imithetho. Kukho iinzame ezimbalwa zokuvelisa inzala engumxube phakathi kweentlobo zeendlovu ezivalelweyo. Zonke inzala ziye zasweleka emva kweenyanga ezimbini ngenxa yeengxaki, uninzi lwayo lubonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhubazeka ngokwasemzimbeni. Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba xa kujongwe inani eliphantsi leendlovu kufuneka sigxininise ekuzaleni nasekuzaleni iinkqubo ezifana nezi.
Zingaphi iindlovu ezikhoyo?
Ngokutsho kweManyano yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoLondolozo lweNdalo (IUCN), zombini ezi ndidi zisemngciphekweni wokunyamalala, nangona nganye kuzo inohlelo olwahlukileyo. Indlovu yase-Afrika ichazwa njenge "Vulnerable", ngelixa indlovu yaseAsia ichazwa njenge "Endangerable".
Ukuze kufikelelwe kwiingcinga ezinjalo, kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho imibhalo emalunga ne-15.000 40.000 yeendlovu zaseAfrika kuphela, ngoxa abemi baseAsia bebalelwa kuma-50.000 XNUMX nama-XNUMX XNUMX abantu ngabanye. Nangona la manani asenokubonakala ephakamileyo xa ethelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela, inani leendlovu liye lahlala likwinkqubo eqhubekayo yokuhla.
Kutheni besengozini yokuphela?
Ukujonga ukuba bancinci kangakanani na abantu babo, umntu kufuneka abuze: zeziphi ezona zoyikiso zibalulekileyo kuzo zombini iintlobo? Ukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni lolona celomngeni lujongene neendlovu, njengoko zibulawa ngenxa yamabamba endlovu kunye nenyama yazo. Kule nto yongezwa ilahleko kunye nokuqhekeka kwendawo ehlala kuyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba imihlambi kufuneka ifudukele kwiindawo ezikude ikhangela ukutya ekufunayo ukuze iphile.
Ezinye izinto eziye zaba sisisongelo kwiindlovu kukusetyenziswa kwazo kubakhenkethi okanye kwimisebenzi yokuzonwabisa. Ngenxa yale njongo, iindlovu zibanjiswa ukuze zizisebenzise njengokuthutha iimpahla okanye abantu okanye njengokuzonwabisa kwiisekisi okanye kwimibhiyozo, apho zibethwa khona kwaye ziyalelwa ukuba zenze umsebenzi onyanzelwayo. Ukongeza koku, bachaphazeleka kwiingxabano ezixhobileyo ezikhoyo kwilizwekazi elikhulu laseAfrika, njengoko izixhobo zabo zezityalo ziphelile kwaye amanzi angcolile ngenxa yomsebenzi wabantu.
Indlela yokubasindisa?
Sithetha nje, kuye kwaphuculwa amanyathelo aliqela ajolise ekulondolozweni kwezi ntlobo zeendlovu, uninzi lwawo ekufuneka luphunyezwe yimibutho yezizwe apho ezi zilwanyana zikhoyo. Phakathi kwezenzo ezahlukeneyo zokusindisa iindlovu, oku kulandelayo kubalaseleyo:
Ukuphelisa Ukuzingela Ngokungekho mthethweni
Ngenjongo yokunciphisa ukufa kweendlovu, amaqumrhu karhulumente kumazwe ahlukeneyo aseAsia naseAfrika aphumeze izigqibo zokulawula nokuphelisa ukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni. Ngenxa yoku, baye bafaka izohlwayo kubantu abaye babanjwa ngoxa bezingela, ukususela kwisohlwayo ukusa kwiminyaka embalwa entolongweni. Nangona kunjalo, kusenzima ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kweendlovu, kuba zihlala kwiindawo ezinkulu zentsimi kwaye zihamba amakhulu eekhilomitha zifuna ukutya.
Inkxaso evela kwiZiseko zokuSingqongileyo
Namhlanje, iziseko ezahlukahlukeneyo zinika igalelo lazo ekukhuseleni iindlovu; phakathi kwazo zigcina iindlovu, eziseKenya, kunye neSave the Elephants Foundation, zaseThailand. Zombini zinoxanduva lokunyanyekelwa kweendlovu ezithe zaxhatshazwa okanye zingamaxhoba okuphathwa kakubi, kuba zibandakanya izicwangciso zokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili kunye nezicwangciso zokhenketho lwabantu.
Kuphephe Ukuthenga Izinto Zendlovu
Ukungafumani izinto zeempondo zendlovu yenye yeendlela zokunceda ekulweni nokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni, njengoko iindlovu zidla ngokubulawa ngenxa yamabamba azo kuphela.
Yiba negalelo kuLondolozo lweNdalo
Olona celomngeni lukhulu indlovu ejamelene nalo kukonakala kwendawo ezihlala kuyo, ekubeni ichaphazela ngokungqalileyo ukuphila kwabemi bayo.
Curiosities
Ezi placenta zikhulu ziphawulwe ngokubonakalisa uxolo nokuziphatha okuhle, kwaye ukufunda ngakumbi ngazo, le datha ilandelayo inokuba nomdla kuwe:
- Ubomi bakhe bumalunga nama-70 eminyaka ubudala.
- Xa zigcakamele ilanga, zigquma ulusu lwazo ngodaka oluninzi ukuze zizikhusele.
- Ubuthongo babo bufutshane, njengoko bengalali phakathi kweeyure ezimbini ukuya kwezine ngosuku. Ixesha labo elininzi balichitha behamba bekhangela ukutya.
- Indlovu yodwa isilwanyana esinamadolo ama-4.
- Izihlunu ezahlukahlukeneyo ezimalunga ne-100.000 XNUMX ziye zabonwa kumboko wayo kuphela.
- Ekuthatheni kwabo imihla ngemihla banokutya ngaphezu kweekhilogram ezingama-250.
- Banamandla okuphakamisa malunga neekhilogram ezingama-300 kwaye bagcine malunga ne-15 ilitha zamanzi.
- Ingqondo yayo ithathwa njengeyona inkulu kwizilwanyana.
- Iindlebe zabo zibonwa kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo: ukulawula ubushushu bomzimba, ukuthintela izisongelo ezinokwenzeka, ukuva izandi ezikude, phakathi kwezinye.
- Isandi abasenzayo sibizwa ngokuba yi "barrito".
- Xa kutshabalala ilungu lomhlambi, ezinye iindlovu zemba umngxuma ukuze zibeke isidumbu apho zize ziwugqume ngomhlaba namasebe.
- Iinkunzi ziyawushiya umhlambi xa zifikelela kwi-12 leminyaka ubudala.
- Zoyika kakhulu iimbovane neenyosi ngaphezu kweempuku ngokwazo.
- Basenokuba noxinezeleko xa bebona umntu onjalo ebandezeleka.
Usenokuba nomdla kula manqaku: