Ngaba iyaziwa ukuba ngubani umseki wobuKristu? Ukusukela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, izifundo zale mihla zeTestamente eNtsha ziye zagxininisa ekwahluleni amanani kaYesu noPawulos. Ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali, uYesu waseNazarete akazange abe nembono engokobuthixo, kodwa wayephuma kwiimfundiso zikaPawulos, ngaloo ndlela eqhawuka neengcambu zamaYuda. Ngoko ke, Kuyimfuneko ukubonisa umahluko phakathi kobuKristu ngaphambi kukaPawulos, ubuYuda, kunye nobuKristu emva, eyafika kuthi yaye yayivumelana nobuhedeni, ekuthiwa uPawulos ngumseki wabo.
Ke ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nokuba ngubani umseki wobuKristu, apha siyakuxelela.
Umseki wobuKristu
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, uW. Wrede, kwincwadi yakhe ethi Pablo (1904), yabonisa ukuba uPawulos wayeyinto entsha kwihlabathi lamaGrike eyaguqula uYesu waphila ubomi obugqwesileyo, obungokobuthixo, obukhoyo, nendlela le ngcamango eyaba yeyona ibalaseleyo ngayo. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba umseki wobuKristu. Indlela kaWrede kufuneka ingavunywa kuqala kuba ayithatheli ngqalelo umthombo oyintloko, inkcazo ye kwiZenzo zikaLucan kunye neeNcwadi zikaPauline ngokwazo. Okwesibini, ingcamango yomntu ongokobuthixo okanye owenziwe isithixo wehlabathi lamaGrike (kwintsomi yamaGrike) yayingavisisani noorabhi bakaPawulos babaFarisi.
Enyanisweni, akunakuyibetha ngoyaba indlela akhuliswe ngayo. UGamaliyeli Omkhulu, oyena rabhi udumileyo waseYerusalem ngelo xesha. Ngoko ke, wafundiswa ukuthobela umthetho (iTorah) waza woluka ngosuku lwesibhozo lokuzalwa kwakhe. Nangona wazalelwa eTarso, eSilesia, wakhulela eYerusalem yaye unemvelaphi yobuYuda basePalestina. Ukongezelela kukwazi isiGrike, wayekwathetha isiSemitic (isiAramiki). Ebudeni bohambo lwakhe lobuvangeli basemazweni, waqala washumayela kumaYuda awayehlala kwamanye amazwe, kuxhomekeka ekuhlaleni. Ngoko yinyaniso ukuba Ukwahlukaniswa kukaPawulos kubuYuda bamaPalestina kunye noluntu lwamaYuda namaKristu kwakungeyonto ingaphaya kokuyilwa kolwimi lwale mihla.
R. Bultmann kunye noM. Hengel
R. Bultmann wabonisa ukuba uPawulos wayephuma kubuYuda bamaGrike ngenxa yokuba wayeyazi intanda-bulumko nenkcubeko yamaGrike yaye engenguye umfundi kaYesu. Kwakhona, ngenxa yokunqongophala okucacileyo kwesiseko sembali, ugxininisa ukuba inguqu ukusuka kubuKristu basePalestina ukuya kubuKristu bamaGrike kwakubangelwa ukuqaliswa kwento eyimfihlakalo. Wade walatha eSyria njengendawo apho olu tshintsho lwenzeka khona.
Nangona kunjalo, M. Hengel utsalel’ ingqalelo kwisibakala sokuba kuncinane okwaziwayo malunga nokuguqulwa kwamaGrike kweSiriya nonqulo lonqulo kwelo phondo. Ngapha koko, iAntiyokwe ayahlukanga kwisiXeko esiNgcwele. Kungekudala, abaphengululi baseBrithani nabamaJamani bathi eSiriya, apho kungekho nkolo ye-symbiotic (akukho fusion) kwihlabathi lobuhedeni. Ukuba uYesu wayengumprofeti nje olula, amaYuda ayengayi kukwamkela ukuba nguthixo kwakhe, kuba ukunxulumanisa uThixo nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo okanye umntu kulisikizi.
Ngubani owaseka ubuKristu?
Okwangoku, unjingalwazi we-UCM u-Antonio Piñero uyakungqina oko “ayinakwenzeka into yokuba uYesu azigqale njengoNyana kaThixo ngengqiqo epheleleyo”, kwaye yongeza ukuba Zisixhenxe kuphela iziqendwana zeTestamente eNtsha ezichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba uYesu unguThixo. KwiVangeli kaYohane, iiNcwadi zikaPawulos kunye neencwadi eziya kumaHebhere, ukubonakaliswa komntu osisiqhamo sokunxibelelana nehlabathi lamaGrike kubonisiwe.
Kunokuthiwani ngale ngxelo ibangela impikiswano nechukumisayo? Ewe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba ukwenziwa isithixo kukaYesu kufuna iimeko ezimbini:
Emva kokufa kukaYesu waseNazarete, kwathabatha iminyaka emininzi ngaphambi kokuba aqonde ukuba unguThixo. Kwincwadi yeZenzo kubaliswa ngendlela Intetho yokuqala kaPetros ngePentekoste (kwiintsuku ezingama-40 emva kovuko) ibhekisa kubuthixo kunye nobukho bukaKristu bangaphambili., ngoko akunakwenzeka ukungenisa impembelelo yamaGrike.
Okwesibini, kufuneka sikhumbule udidi lwengqondo. Abafundi babengamaYuda yaye benqula uThixo omnye, ngoko kwakungekho ngqiqweni kubo ukuba umntu nguThixo. Isoloko ikhankanywa rhoqo kwihlabathi lamaYuda. Ngokomzekelo, kumaXesha Aphakathi, uKumkani uJaime waxubusha ngobuKristu norabhi (kwinkundla yaseBarcelona) owayelukhanyela unqulo njengoko kwakutshiwo kuba kwakungekho ngqiqweni ukuthetha ngoThixo wokwenziwa.
UCesar Franco ngale ndlela, ndicaphula: “Isiganeko esingaqhelekanga sovuko yayiyintshukumisa yokudala eyavula iingqondo zabapostile nabavangeli basemazweni, ababezelwe baza bakhulisa amaYuda, bafunda ngeencwadi zabo ezingcwele baza baphengulula kuzo yonk’ into eyayivakaliswe ngabaprofeti ngoYesu.”.
Kwixesha elifutshane phakathi kokufa kukaYesu kunye nokuguqulwa kukaPawulos, iziseko zobuKristu ezilawulayo ITestamente eNtsha. Ebudeni belo xesha, uPawulos wathabatha izenzo zogonyamelo (izithuko, iziqalekiso, ukuhlasela ngokwasemzimbeni, ukunyelisa, nokutshabalalisa) kumaKristu. Konke oku kubonisa ukuba uPawulos wayeziphatha njengomYuda wokwenene onenzondelelo ngomthetho ngaphambi kokuba aguqukele kwindlela eya eDamasko.
Ke ngoko, umyili weChristology kunye nomseki wobuKristu nguKristu ngokwakhe.. UYesu, ekubonakala ukuba woyisiwe ngabaFarisi, uzifumana ekwindawo ebigcinelwe iTorah kunye neTempile ngelo xesha. KuseYerusalem apho ibutho lamaKristu laqalisa ukuphumeza isibhengezo sobuthixo sikaYesu kubomi bakhe basemhlabeni, nesiganeko esingaqhelekanga sovuko. Le yindlela abapostile abayamkela ngayo iChristology kwaye babephethe ukuhambisa umyalezo, mhlawumbi uPawulos ngendlela enhle kwaye engaqondakaliyo. Njengoko uFray Luis de León uthi, uPablo wajika ivangeli ukusuka kwingoma elula ibe yingoma yeepolyphonic.
Kunokugqitywa kwelokuba uPawulos wayengenguye umseki wobuKristu. Wadlulisela oko wayekwamkele, ukholo lwabapostile, yaye ngaloo ndlela uAntiyokwe neYerusalem zazivakalisa ukholo olufanayo. Okokugqibela, ukucaphula isicatshulwa esinomdla kwiCatechism kaPope Benedict XVI ka-Agasti 27, 2008: "UPawulos, umphefumlo onomdla ngokwenene kukukhanya kweVangeli, wathandana noKristu, eqinisekile ukuba wayeyimfuneko kwihlabathi likaKristu."
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lube luncedo kuwe, kwaye luye lwawacima amathandabuzo akho malunga nokuba ngubani owaseka ubuKristu.