I<em>squids, i<em>teutidos okanye ngokwenzululwazi ebizwa ngokuba yi<em>Teuthida , ilulandelelwano lwe<em>cephalopod molluscs enobukrelekrele obuphuhlileyo, singasathethi ke ngokuba zizilwanyana zaselwandle nezitya inyama. Ezi zilwanyana zinomdla wokufun’ ukwazi zimela esinye sezona zilwanyana zimangalisayo nezahlukahlukeneyo kuzo zonke izilwanyana, ekubeni indawo yazo yendalo iquka amanzi anzulu kangangokuba abantu abakwazanga ukuwahlola. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-El Calamar, ungalibazisi okomzuzwana ukuqhubeka ufunda eli nqaku libalaseleyo.
Ingwane
I-odolo ye-theutids, nayo, inezinye ii-suborders ezimbini, ezibizwa ngokuba yiMyopsida kunye ne-Oegopsida, eneneni, le yokugqibela kwisquid esikhulu esidumileyo kunye nesquid enkulu. I-squids zihlala zibhideka kunye ne-octopus, kwaye nangona zifana ngokungenakuphikiswa, zombini iintlobo zineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezahlula omnye komnye.
Ngokutsho kophando olwahlukileyo oluye lwenziwa malunga nemvelaphi yesquid, ookhokho bokuqala bolu hlobo banika iimpawu zobomi malunga nezigidi ezingama-500 zeminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye bagutyungelwe ngokupheleleyo ngamaqokobhe amakhulu amakhulu, amaqokobhe awayenyamalala ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
Iintlobo zeskwidi
Zonke iintlobo zeskwidi zibonakalisa ulwahlulo olukhulu ngokumalunga nokwakheka kwazo kwangaphandle nangaphakathi. Kwelinye icala, sinokufumana iskwidi esincinane esingakwaziyo ukufikelela iisentimitha nje ezimbalwa ubude, ngoxa kwelinye sifumana i<em>squid ecolossal, uninzi lwazo oluchazwe kwinkcubeko edumileyo njengezilo zaselwandle ezineentente ezinkulu. . Noko ke, ayizozilwanyana ekunokuba nazo, ekubeni i<em>squids zingaze zifune ukutya kwabantu, nangona ungaze uwajongele phantsi amandla angathethekiyo ezi zilwanyana xa ziziva zisongelwa nangayiphi na indlela.
Ngaphandle koku, inani elichanekileyo leentlobo zesquid ezikhoyo namhlanje alaziwa ngokupheleleyo, nangona kunjalo, iindidi ezininzi zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ziye zaphononongwa. Ezi ntlobo zivame ukuba nombala obomvu kakhulu, zinembonakalo engwevu, kwaye zigqunywe ngokupheleleyo ngeechromatophores ezibonisa imibala emihle kakhulu. Kwakhona, ezi ntlobo zineempawu ezahlukileyo ezahlukileyo ngokwe-physiognomy yazo, ezininzi zincinci kakhulu, ziphakathi, ezinye zinkulu, zide zibe nenkangeleko ye "vampiresque", nokuba ezinye iintlobo zinokuba ngaphandle.
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, i-squids okanye i-teutidos ngumyalelo owenziwe ngamacandelo amabini angaphantsi abizwa ngokuba yi-Myopsida kunye ne-Oegopsida, kwaye phakathi kwezi suborders sinokufumana iindidi ezininzi kakhulu zeentlobo zesquid, nangona kunjalo, phakathi kweentlobo ezaziwa kakhulu kuzo zonke. singagxininisa ezinye ezifana nezi zilandelayo:
Ingwane yeVampire:
Olu luhlobo lwesilwanyana se-cephalopod mollusc, ngokuqhelekileyo isikhumba saso sineethoni ezibomvu ezibomvu okanye ezibomvu ezibomvu, iithoni ezifanayo ezidibanisa ngokugqibeleleyo namehlo abomvu. Uphawu oluphambili oluyahlula kwezinye iintlobo kukuba inomaleko obhityileyo nonwebekayo wolusu oludibanisa iingalo zayo ezisibhozo, ezikwaxhotyiswe ngemiqolo yenyama eyahlukeneyo ebizwa ngokuba yicirri. Ukongeza koku, banenkangeleko efana kakhulu neyevampire, ngoko ke igama labo.
Kukwabaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuba ngokwenzululwazi ezi squids zibizwa ngokuba yiVampyroteuthis infernalis, kwaye ziyinxalenye yeentlobo zeskwidi ezincinci, kuba zide zifikelele kubude obuphakathi kwama-26 nama-30 eesentimitha. Ezi squid zincinane zidla ngokuchitha ixesha elininzi lobomi bazo kubunzulu obuziimitha ezingama-900 apho ukukhanya kwelanga kunqabile kakhulu, ngokunjalo neoksijini. Njengenyaniso enomdla, kukhankanyiwe ukuba aba bancinci abanayo kwaphela ingxowa ye-inki, into uninzi lweentlobo ezinayo.
Humboldt squid:
Ezi squid zikhulu zikwafumana amagama ahlukeneyo, afana ne-Pacific squid okanye i-jumbo squid. Enye yeempawu ezaziwa kakhulu ngolu hlobo luphawu lwalo olundlongo-ndlongo ebantwini, nangona kuthiwa oku kumiselwa ngokusondeleyo kukuphazamiseka kwayo ekutyeni. Olu didi lweskwidi lunesikhumba esibomvu ngokufanelekileyo kangangokuba phantsi kolwandle kunokuvela ithoni engwevu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhankanya ukuba bahlala befikelela ubukhulu be-1.9 yeemitha kuphela kwingubo yabo.
Iskwidi esikhulu:
Oku mhlawumbi lolona hlobo ludumileyo lweskwidi kuzo zonke, ziqhele ukufikelela kubude obuphakathi kwesithoba ukuya kwishumi leemitha, nangona kunjalo, kukho olunye uhlobo olunokuthi lugqithise le milinganiselo inomtsalane. Umzobo wesi silwanyana awuqhelekanga kakhulu, ukhangeleka ngathi ngumntu osuka kwenye iplanethi, ezi squids zinesikhumba esibomvu esinamachokoza amhlophe ahlukeneyo kuwo wonke umzimba, intloko enkulu kakhulu, kunye neentente ezisibhozo. Zizilwanyana ezinzima kakhulu ukuziqwalasela, nangona kunjalo, imizekelo efikelela kwishumi elinesithathu leemitha ubude ilinganisiwe, singasathethi ke ukuba inobunzima obufikelela kwiikhilogram ezingama-900.
ISkwidi Esikhulu:
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, kwakucingwa ukuba iskwidi esikhulu sesona silwanyana singenamqolo sikhulu kwezakha zakho, nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka kamva kwafunyanwa ingwane enkulu, eyodlulayo ubude nabunzima bayo. Ezi squids zikhulu zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Antarctic cranquiluria kwaye ukufunyanwa kwazo kwakutsha nje, enyanisweni, kwafunyanwa ngo-1925 esiswini somnenga obizwa ngokuba yi-sperm whale. Ngelishwa, zizilwanyana ezinzima kakhulu ukuba zigcinwe, kwaye ezimbalwa eziye zaphononongwa ziphakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-14 yeemitha ubude, singasathethi ubunzima bazo, obuyi-avareji malunga neekhilogram ezingama-750.
Iimpawu zeSkwidi
Owona mahluko udume kakubi noluphawu lweskwidi, ukongeza kwiintente zabo, yingubo enkulu nende kunye nomlomo wabo ongaqhelekanga wokutyisa. Ngaphakathi kwesi sambatho kukho amalungu amaninzi e-anatomical, amaninzi ngaphezu kokuba sinokucinga, ngelixa umlomo wabo uyisiqhekeza esisisiseko ekufuneka basondle, ekubeni, ngoku, bacola konke ukutya kwabo; enyanisweni, yomelele kangangokuba amarhamncwa ayo awakwazi nokuyityumza nokusetyisa ngokufanelekileyo, iye ngqo esiswini sayo iphelele.
Ukutya
Ukutya okune-squids kwahluka kakhulu, kunye nenani elikhulu leentlobo ezikhoyo, oku kungenxa yokuba imikhuba yazo yokutya iyatshintsha ngokobudala bazo, indawo kunye nobukhulu bayo. Ezi ngokuqhelekileyo zihlala zodwa, nangona kunjalo, ziyakwazi ukujoyina izikolo okanye nakuwuphi na ummandla ongomnye apho zinokuthatha eli thuba lokubamba amaxhoba azo. Iskwidi zisasazeke kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele, ezi zisusela kumanzi abandayo, ukuya kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yetropikhi kunye neyetropikhi, yonke le mimandla iqhelaniswa neentlobo zeskwidi kunye neemfuno zesondlo abanazo.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
Ezi zizilwanyana ezingaqondakaliyo, kwaye elinye lawona manqanaba angaziwayo ngabantu malunga nezi zilwanyana yinkqubo yabo yokuzala, oku kungenxa yokuba ayiqhelekanga kakhulu ukuba i-squid isebenzisane kwaye ivelise kwakhona, kakuhle, indawo yokuhlala apho bahlala khona. inkulu, singasathethi ke ukuba kunqabile ukudibana kwenkunzi nemazi.” Noko ke, ngokutsho kohlolisiso lwenzululwazi olwahlukahlukeneyo, kuyaziwa ukuba amadlozi esquid anendima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni inzala yexesha elizayo. Nangona iqondo lokushisa kunye nezinye izinto kwindawo yakho nazo zinokudlala indima yokumisela.
Iinkqubo
Ngelishwa, i-squid esandula ukuzalwa yenye yezona njongo ziphambili kuzo zonke izilwanyana zabo, yinto engenakuphepheka kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu. Noko ke, okufanayo akunakuthethwa nge<em>squid esikhulu kunazo zonke, njenge<em>giant squid okanye i<em>colossal squid, yona ngokomlinganiselo ifikelela kubude obuphakathi kwe-10 ne-14 leemitha. Kwimeko yezi squid, ekuphela kwezilwanyana ezizingelayo yenye yeecetaceans ezinkulu ezikhoyo, ezinokoyisa ngokulula amandla kunye nobukhulu besi squid.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwimeko yeentlobo ze-squid ezincinci, zijongene ne-pinnipeds ezahlukeneyo, iintlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu, iintaka, phakathi kwezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ngaphakathi kwezilwanyana zaselwandle. Nkqu noninzi lwezi skwidi zithanda ukuhlaselana nokwenza ubuzimu; nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba utshaba lwayo oluphambili namhlanje ngumntu.
Nangona okwangoku, i-squid ayithathwa njengesilwanyana esisengozini okanye sisengozini yokuphela, nangona kunjalo, kukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kolwazi malunga nobungakanani benani labemi bayo, olubeka i-alamu, kuba, ngokwenene, awunayo ingcamango. Ngokucacileyo malunga nokuba kungakanani na ukuloba okuzichaphazelayo ezi zilwanyana, singasathethi ke ngokuba ngenxa yoku kunqongophala kolwazi, ulawulo alunakwenziwa ukunqanda ukuloba okungalawulekiyo.
Ekuqaleni, akuzange kubonakale kuyingxaki, ekubeni izixa ezikhulu zeetoni zabanjwa ngonyaka, nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje imfuno iye yanda kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu, namhlanje amakhulu amawaka eetoni abanjwa minyaka yonke. , nto leyo enokuba sisisongelo kumatyathanga okutya elwandle.
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi ngazo zonke izilwanyana kuwo wonke umhlaba uMhlaba, ungalibazisi nangomzuzu omnye ukuba uhambe ungakhange uqale ufunde la manqaku mathathu amangalisayo: