Iintsomi zamaNorse zintle kwaye kwangaxeshanye zikhohlakele. Ihlabathi elenziwe ziintsomi ezininzi ezinomdla nezifundisayo. Inkolo yabo kunye nebali lendalo, njengekhaya labo, alinamali kwaye liyalwa. ihlabathi le izithixo zasenorse egcwele ama-adventures kunye nezenzo ezikwenza ucinge nzima.
izithixo zasenorse
Oothixo baseNorse babonakala phambi kwethu nje kuphela njengabalawuli abalumkileyo nabanamandla onke abantu, kodwa njengabantu abaqhelekileyo. Basoloko besenza iimpazamo zobuntu ngokupheleleyo, babhenele ekukhohliseni, benze izinto ezincinci nabangenabulungisa, bathande inkohlakalo kwaye bahleke ngeengxaki zabanye abantu.
Konke kwaqala enzonzobileni enkulu eyaziwa ngokuba yiGinnungagap. Inzonzobila yayiphakathi, yaye emazantsi nangasentla kwakukho ummandla womlilo nommandla wabafileyo ngokulandelelana kwawo. Apha, kule ndawo inzima, ubomi bavela kumkhenkce nomlilo. Isidalwa esiphilayo sokuqala esabakho yayinguYmir, isigebenga esikhulu somkhenkce. Kungekudala emva koko, kwavela uBuri: uthixo. UBuri walala nesigebenga kwaye kulapho uOdin avela khona. U-Odin wabulala uYmir waza wasebenzisa umzimba wakhe ukwenza umhlaba.
Igazi lesigebenga lalizalisa iilwandle nemilambo. Amathambo akhe aba ziintaba, nenyama yakhe yaba ngumhlaba. Ukhakhayi lwesigebenga lwalusenza isibhakabhaka. Iincinci zaseMntla, ezisezantsi, eNtshona naseMpuma zazibambe eso sibhakabhaka phezu kweentloko zabo ukuze singawi. Xa umhlaba wagqitywa, u-Odin wadala ama-dwarves kunye nabantu. Abantu babekwe eMidgard, emva kocingo olwenziwe ngamashiya kaYmir. Oothixo bahlala eAsgard. Indawo abantu abanokufikelela kuyo kuphela ngebhulorho: umnyama.
Iintsomi zezithixo zaseNorse: iAesir
Kuzo zonke iintsomi ngokuqhelekileyo kukho izidalwa ezahlukileyo ebantwini. Kukho oothixo, iingxilimbela kunye namanye amanani kwiintsomi zamazwe Nordic. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nothixo omnye wobuKristu, izithixo zaseNorse azinampazamo kwaye azimeli ukulunga ngokupheleleyo. Iintsomi zamaNorse zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu:
- IiAcesNgokwenkolelo yamaNorse, iiAces zihlala eAsgard, isihlalo soothixo. Ubukhulu becala bangoothixo abathanda imfazwe nabanamandla ababonakaliswa ngamandla abo, ubuchule edabini kunye nomyalelo wabo. I-aces yamadoda ebalulekileyo neyaziwayo iquka, umzekelo, uthixo onguyise u-Odin, uthixo weendudumo uThor, uthixo onobuqili wobuxoki uLoki, uthixo wokukhanya uBaldur, okanye umgcini webhulorho uHiemal.
- Assin. Abanye oothixokazi nabo banezihlalo zabo e-Asgard, ngoko ke phakathi kwama-Asins kukho umfazi kaOdin uFrigg, uthixokazi welizwe elingaphantsi komhlaba uHela, uthixokazi wemibongo, uSaga, uthixokazi wesivuno uSif, uthixokazi wamayeza, uEir, okanye uthixokazi we. ubulumko, Snotra.
- IVanir abahlala eVanaheim bajongwa njengolona sapho ludala loothixo, ngokungafaniyo nenkosi yemfazwe, bathathwa njengoothixo bomlilo weziko kwaye banoxanduva lokuzala, unxibelelwano lwasemhlabeni, kunye nokuchuma. Phakathi kweeVanir, ngokomzekelo, kukho uFreyr, uthixo wokukhanya kwasezulwini, uFreya, uthixokazi wothando nobuhle, okanye uKvasir, uthixo wolwazi, onempendulo kuyo yonke imibuzo.
IiAces
I-Aces lolona sapho luncinci loothixo abahlala e-Asgard. Zizithixo ezingamakroti, ekubhekiselwa kuzo izinto ezinjengamandla namandla. I-Aesir iyafa, bahlala kuphela bebancinci kunye nama-apile avela e-Idun, uthixokazi wokungafi. Phakathi kwamalungu aphambili ee-aces sinawo:
Odin
U-Odin, uyise wezithixo, ngoyena mfanekiso ubalulekileyo wezithixo zaseNorse zezulu kwaye, ngokwesithethe, mhlawumbi noyena mntu untsokothileyo kwiintsomi zamaNorse, apho iintsomi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye namabali adibanayo. Ngelixa igama elithi "Odin" lisetyenziselwa ikakhulu kwindawo yaseNyakatho yaseJamani, uthixo ophakamileyo we-Aesir kunye nehlabathi laseJamani loothixo liyaziwa ngokuba yi "Wodan" okanye "Wotan" kwindawo yaseMzantsi Jamani.
Uyise onamandla wezithixo ubonakaliswa ngokukhethekileyo ngobulumko bakhe kwindawo yonke kunye nokunxanelwa kwakhe okukhulu ulwazi: amahlungulu amabini uHugin noMunin ahlala emagxeni akhe, abamxelela yonke into abayifumene ngeziganeko zehlabathi kwiinqwelo zabo zezithunywa. Ngenxa yazo, uthixo ophakamileyo weeVikings ukwabizwa ngokuba nguThixo weRaven. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba amagama eentaka aguqulelwe ngokusebenzisa ibinzana elithi "ingcinga" kunye "nenkumbulo."
Ukufuna ulwazi, inyaniso, kunye nokuqonda luphawu luka-Odin kwaye luthathwa njengenye yezona mpawu zakhe zibalulekileyo kunye nezakhayo. Ngokomzekelo, u-Odin wada wanikela isiqingatha samehlo ngenxa yothando lobulumko: watyelela uMimir, umgcini womthombo wokuqala wobulumko phantsi komthi wehlabathi weYggdrasil, waza wacela ukusela equleni, amanzi amnika ulwazi kunye nokuqonda.
Njengedini lokuphumelela le nyaniso, uYise woThixo wayekulungele, ngokomyalelo kaMimir, ukubeka elinye lamehlo akhe njengesipho equleni. Kungenxa yoko le nto u-Odin ebizwa ngokuba "liliso elinye" kwaye iboniswa ngaloo ndlela kwiimpawu ezininzi.
U-Odin akazange nje anike iliso lakhe kwiqula likaMimir ukuze azuze ulwazi, ubulumko kunye nokuqonda: naye akazange ayeke ukuzinikela njengedini. Ke wazixhoma eluthuthwini lwehlabathi iYggdrasil iintsuku ezisithoba nobusuku bazo, ukuze aphumeze ukuqaqamba okutsha ngobulumko obukhulu. Ukuzincama kuka-Odin kuMthi weHlabathi kudla ngokuqondwa njengokufa okungokomfuziselo kuquka uvuko, ngoko ke kufaniswa nesimboli sobuKristu kunye nesithethe sobuKristu.
Ngokutsho kweNorse lore, izidalwa ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nezilwanyana zifumaneka phakathi kwenkampani ye-Odin. Ngaphandle kwamahlungulu amabini, uHugin noMunin, ababekwe etroneni emagxeni eAesir kwaye bengabacholacholi bakhe kwakunye nababambeleyo ngenxa yokungaboni kwakhe, kukho ezinye izilwanyana ezingokobuthixo ezixhasa uyise wezithixo.
Elinye lawona maqabane abalulekileyo enkosi enamandla kunye nomlawuli wezithixo zaseNorse lihashe lemfazwe elinemilenze esibhozo iSleipnir. E-Sleipnir, u-Odin ukhwela intsasa nganye enqumla isibhakabhaka samazulu, ekhatshwa ngamahlungulu akhe amabini; ihashe liqabane lakhe elithembekileyo emfazweni kunye namadabi anzima eGötterdämmerung.
Ukongeza kwi-Hugin, i-Munin, kunye ne-Sleipnir, iingcuka ezimbini iGeri kunye neFreki zidla ngokufumaneka kwicala lika-Odin. Ukuguqulelwa, amagama abo "abahahayo" kwaye "abakhohlakeleyo", kwaye umsebenzi wabo obaluleke kakhulu kukunceda kunye nokuhamba noyise wezithixo ekuzingeleni.
Njengenkosi yezithixo zaseNorse, i-Odin isekelwe e-Asgard. Ulawula apho njengothixo omkhulu nobalulekileyo wendlu ka-Aesir enamandla kumabhotwe amabini. Ngoxa ibhotwe limkhonza ngaphezu kwayo yonke into ukuba abe nombono wehlabathi lonke kwaye akwazi ukujonga okwenzekayo kwindawo yakhe yokuhlala, ibhotwe lesibini likhonza kuye ukuba ahlangane nabanye oothixo.
Kwakhona ibhotwe lesibini, iGladsheim, yindawo apho iValhalla ikhona. EValhalla, amagorha angabantu awawa ngokuzukileyo edabini ahlanganisana emva kokufa kwawo ukuze abhiyozele ecaleni kwezithixo aze alungiselele idabi lokugqibela. Ngenxa yamagorha afileyo ahlanganisene eValhalla, uOdin wayesaziwa ngokuba “nguthixo wabafileyo” kwaye wayehlonelwa kakhulu kwaye ethandwa ziiVikings ngenxa yokukhanuka kwakhe imfazwe namandla akhe.
U-Odin akagqalwa nje njengoyena thixo ubalaseleyo kwiintsomi zaseJamani okanye zamaNorse, kodwa uye wangena kwi-lore njengoyena mntu ubalaseleyo. Iimpawu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zidityanisiwe kumfanekiso kayise woothixo, ezibalelwa kuye kwaye ubukhulu becala ziye zamisela amabali ngaye. U-Odin, kwelinye icala, unkulunkulu wemfazwe kunye nokufa kweqhawe, kodwa kunye nothixo onobuqili kunye nobuqili bomlingo nobulumko.
U-Odin, odla ngokuchazwa njengomhambi ngenxa yokuba wahamba engaziwa phakathi kwabantu kunye noothixo ukuze bafunde amabali abo, udibanisa iinkalo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Usisilumko nonamandla koothixo, ukwanguthixo wemfazwe owoyikekayo, onamandla; bubulungisa ngokulinganayo kwaye bukhohlakele. Ngoxa wayenqulwa ngabaninzi ngenxa yamandla akhe nobugcisa bokulwa, abanye babemgqala njengomthombo wolwazi nobulumko nowayebhadula efuna ulwazi neempendulo.
Thor uthixo weendudumo
Uthixo weendudumo uThor ugqalwa njengoyena thixo ubalulekileyo wamaNorse. Ngoothixo baseJamani kwilizwe elikhulu, "iindudumo" zikwabizwa ngokuba yi "Donar". Njengoyise u-Odin, uThor ngumntu onezinto ezininzi kwaye unikwe iindima ezahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi kwizithethe kunye nemibhalo yeentsomi zamaNorse. Kwelinye icala, uligorha elikrelekrele kunye nothixo wemfazwe, kwelinye icala, ukwanguthixo wemozulu neendudumo kwaye ke ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi kubantu abahamba ngolwandle abanje ngeeVikings.
Ngokunjalo, ngenxa yobukroti namandla akhe omzimba namandla, uThor uthathwa njengomkhuseli othembekileyo woothixo kwizigebenga zeqabaka. Nangona kunjalo, kumaqela abantu abangathandi imfazwe, uThor wayengumzobo wokungaguquguquki nokuthembeka, wayegqalwa enyanisekile kwaye ethe ngqo kwaye wayenqulwa ngabantu baseJamani abangamahlwempu, ngakumbi kwisikhundla sakhe njengothixo wezityalo.
Ukongeza kwihamile yakhe edumileyo uMjöllnir, uThor ukwabalwa nezinye izinto zakudala, umzekelo uhlala eboniswa njengothixo wemozulu kwimoto yakhe enezixhobo. Inqwelo itsalwa ziibhokhwe zakhe ezimbini. Xa uThor eqhuba ngemoto yakhe exhobileyo, udla ngokunxiba iintsimbi zentsimbi kunye nebhanti lomlingo elimnika amandla angakumbi kunokuba sele enawo.
UThor onamandla wayengumchasi owoyikwayo ngokuyintloko ngenxa yamandla akhe kunye nomsindo ongalawulekiyo. Uthixo onamava emfazwe kunye nemfazwe, amandla akhe endalo aphuhliswa zizinto ezenziwe ngomlingo, uMjöllnir kunye nebhanti lakhe elinamandla anomlingo. Ukongeza, kwakukho umoya onzima wonyana ka-Odin: uThor wazikhusela iinjongo zakhe zigcwele amandla kunye nomdla, kodwa walwa kwada kwasekupheleni ukuphunyezwa kwazo kwaye akazange ahlale eqhuba kakuhle.
Ngokukhawuleza wafumana udumo njengegorha elinoburhalarhume nelinemfazwe, njengoko wayezaliswe yintshabalalo engenamida. UThor wayedume ngokuba neminqweno yakhe, emvumela ukuba atye inkomo yenkomo yedwa kwaye agqwese wonke umntu kumatheko amakhulu ngezixa zakhe zokutya.
Ecaleni likaThor ubukhulu becala yayiyiLoki enobuqhophololo, owavele waxhonywa kwibhanti enkulu kaThor. UThor noLoki babengafani, kodwa babengohlulwa. Uninzi lwexesha uThor kwafuneka aphumeze izicwangciso eziye zaqulunqwa nguLoki onobuqili kunye nobuqili ngenxa yokuphakama kwakhe ngokomzimba. Xa uLoki ekugqibeleni wajika waba ngumngcatshi kwizithixo zamaNorse waza wazihlanganisa neentshaba zabo ezinkulu, iingxilimbela ezoyikekayo zeqabaka, le yayiyenye yezinto ezidanisa kakhulu uthixo weendudumo uThor.
Mhlawumbi eyona nto ibalulekileyo i-artifact eyabalelwa kuThor, uthixo weendudumo, sisisando sakhe esinamandla nesinomlingo uMjöllnir. Ungumfuziselo wawo omabini amandla okudala nawokonakalisa kwaye uhamba noThixo onamandla kuwo onke amadabi nakuwo wonke umlo. Njengomphathi waso, isando sikwanazo neempawu ezahlukahlukeneyo nezingaqondakaliyo ezibalelwa kuyo kwizithethe ezahlukeneyo. Kwelinye icala iyatshabalalisa, inamandla kwaye inkulu, kwelinye icala ingumthombo onika ubomi wokuchuma, ukuhlaziya kunye nolonwabo.
ULoki
U-Loki uye wehla kwimbali yenkcubeko njengomfanekiso we-paradigmatic we-trickster: uhlakaniphile, unobuqili, kunye nobuqili, uyazi ukutsala iintambo ngasemva njengengqondo engabonakaliyo, ukuphatha abantu kunye noothixo njengoko kufuneka, kwaye basebenzise iinjongo zakhe. iinjongo.
Kakade ngokujonga umthi wakhe wentsapho, umlingiswa kaLoki ophikisanayo kunye nendima ephazamisayo ayidlalayo kwiwebhu yobudlelwane phakathi koothixo baseNorse iyacaca: nangona uLoki ungomnye wama-aces kwaye unokubanga indawo yakhe engunaphakade kwizithixo zaseNordic, zivela kwi krakra. Iintshaba ze-Aesir kunye neVanir: Uyise uFarbauti kunye nomama wakhe uLaufney zizigebenga. Nangona kunjalo, uxatyisiwe kwaye wamkelwa zii-aces ngobulumko bakhe bobuchule kunye nezicwangciso zakhe zobuqhophololo.
Ngokukodwa i-Odin enamandla kunye nothixo onamandla weendudumo uThor njengoLoki ohlakaniphile. I-Odin ide idale uxhulumaniso olusondeleyo ngokusebenzisa ubuzalwana begazi, obufanele ukuba buthathe indawo yobudlelwane obulahlekileyo. U-Loki naye udlala indima edibeneyo phakathi koothixo be-Aesir: kuxhomekeke kwingqiqo yakhe, ngamanye amaxesha uncike ngenye indlela kwaye ngamanye amaxesha enye, enceda okanye elimaza njengoko ethanda. Unceda uThor, kwelinye icala, ukuba abuyise ihamile yakhe uMjöllnir kwiintshaba, kwelinye icala, unoxanduva lwamalungiselelo amabi okuwa koothixo.
Nangona uLoki ekwanobudlelwane nabanye abafazi be-Aesir kunye nabantwana abazala, abantwana abazalelwe yingxilimbela i-Angrboda bangabantu abakhohlakeleyo kwiintsomi zaseNorse kwaye bayoyikeka kumabali eViking: ngoonyana abathathu bakaLoki abanomsindo.
Inzala yothixo enobuqhophololo ibandakanya inyoka ekhohlakeleyo yaseMidgard, uthixokazi wokufa kunye nomlawuli welabafileyo, uHel, kunye nengcuka enkulu uFenris. Inyoka yaseMidgard kunye neFenris Wolf, ngokukodwa, badlala indima ebalulekileyo eGötterdämmerung: bamele ukutshatyalaliswa koothixo ababini abanamandla kunye nabahlobo ababini abasondeleyo uThor no-Odin.
Njengoko uThor kunye neNyoka yaseMidgard bebulalana kukudibana kwabo kokugqibela, iFenris enoburhalarhume iqwenga intloko yezithixo zaseNorse, uOdin. Kodwa i-ambivalence yomfanekiso wakhe icace nakubantwana bakaLoki, kuba inzala yakhe ayizozilo nje ezizisa ubuqhophololo. I-Sleipnir enemilenze esibhozo, ehamba no-Odin kuzo zonke iimfazwe kwaye ihlala ithembekile ecaleni kwayo, nayo iphuma kuLoki kwaye inikwe nguye uyise woothixo.
U-Loki ubonakaliswe ngaphezu kwayo yonke into yokuba usebenzisa ubulumko bakhe bobuqili ukwenza izicwangciso ezingendawo kwaye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, uyazi indlela yokwenza ngokuthanda kwakhe. Kodwa uye wehla kwimbali yeViking njengeqhawe lenkcubeko elisebenzisa ubuqhetseba bakhe ukwenza umnatha wokuloba: ngale ndlela, uququzelela ukuloba, okubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abahamba ngolwandle abafana neeVikings.
Ii-Ase, eziphuma kwizigebenga, nazo zigqalwa njenge<em>shapeshifter, ezinokuthi zibe nenkangeleko nemo yezilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo njengoko zifuneka nanjengoko kuthanda, zize ngaloo ndlela zihambe ngendlela yazo zingabhaqwa. Okokugqibela, uLoki ngumcebisi onobuqili kunye nobuqili kunye nobuqili kunye neentshaba, umzekelo ukubuyisela isando somlingo sikaThor uMjöllnir; kwangaxeshanye, uhlala ezimanya ngokuchasene ne-Aesir kwaye ngezenzo zakhe usondeza ukuwa kwezithixo zasentla esibhakabhakeni.
Ibhalansi
Phakathi koothixo baseNorse, uBalder ungunkulunkulu wokukhanya, ubulungisa kunye nokulunga kwaye uthathwa njengobuntu belanga. Ungunyana kaOdin, abazalwana bakhe nguHermod noHöder. UBalder ngoyena uthobekileyo koothixo. Xa ebulawa yiqhinga likaLoki, uRagnarok usondela.
Buri
UBuri uthathwa njengokhokho wabo bonke oothixo, owakhothwa emkhenkceni yinkomo yokuqala egama linguAudhumla. Ngosuku lokuqala zabonakala iinwele zakhe, okwesibini intloko yakhe, kwaye okwesithathu umzimba wakhe wonke. Unyana wakhe uBörr watshata isigebenga esiqolileyo waza waba noonyana bakhe uOdin, uVili noVe.
Umlawuli
UTyr okanye uTeiwaz okanye uTiwaz, ngokulandelelanayo, wayengomnye wezithixo eziphambili zamaNorse kwintsomi. AmaJamani akwasebenzisa amagama athi Ziu, Tiu, okanye Tiuz kuthixo uTyr. UTyr wehla kwizigebenga kwaye uyise nguHymir "omnyama". Ekuqaleni uTyr wayenguthixo omkhulu weentsomi zamaNorse, iiVikings zazibingelela ngotshaba ngalunye olubulewe kuthixo othile edabini. Ngokwenza oku, babenethemba lokufumana isisa salo Thixo.
Ngelo xesha amajoni ayehombisa amakrele nemikhonto yawo ngeeruni zesithixo esithile. Ukuba umntu ubulewe ngekrele nomkhonto, lo mbingelelo wawusenziwa kwi-rune. Kwafunyanwa intlaninge yemikhonto namakrele ekrolwe kwimizila yaseTire. Yiyo loo nto ngoku kucingelwa ukuba wayenguthixo ophambili phakathi koothixo baseViking. Kwakhona, igama lesiJamani elithi Ziu kufuneka lilinganiswe noZeus (uthixo oyintloko wamaGrike) kunye noJupiter (uthixo oyintloko wamaRoma) elithetha uthixo.
Ekuqaleni, iTire yayigqalwa njengothixo wemfazwe, uthixo wenkundla, weendibano, nowobulungisa.” Igama lesiJamani elithi “Lwesibini” livela kwinto yokuba ekuqaleni yayilusuku lwendibano, okanye iTire. Abantu belo xesha babesoloko benqula uThixo ababezimanya naye kakhulu nongoyena uthembisayo. Ngexesha apho ukulima kunye nokwalusa kwakuseyeyona ndlela yokuphila ibalulekileyo eScandinavia, uthixo wobulungisa wayebalulekile.
Ngenxa yokuba kwindibano, kwabelwa imihlaba yaye izinto ezithile zaqinisekiswa ebantwini. Kwenziwa imibingelelo emininzi kuthixo owakwenza oku, ukuze alondoloze inkoliseko yakhe. Ke ngoko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba iTire yaba ngumlawuli phakathi koothixo.
Xa imozulu yatshintsha ngewaka leminyaka lokuqala nohlaza olusemntla Yurophu lwabangela ukuba kube nzima ukulima, abantu baqonda ukuba uthixo, obaqinisekisayo ngomhlaba obharhileyo, akanamsebenzi. Kunoko, kwafuneka boyise amazwe amatsha baze baziphilise ngokuphanga nokugqogqa. Mhlawumbi kungenxa yoko le nto u-Odin okhohlisayo, owasasaza imfazwe phakathi kwabantu kuyo yonke indawo, waqala weza kwi-pantheon waza wayibhukuqa iTire.
Ingcinezelo ke ngoko mhlawumbi yaguqulwa yaba ziintsomi ukuze iqondwe ngakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, iTyr kuthiwa izame ukwenza i-Fenriswolf. Kwacaca koothixo ukuba uFenriswolf wabeka ingozi enkulu ebantwini nakwihlabathi loothixo. Yiyo loo nto imalunga nokubabopha ngamatyathanga. Noko ke, ingcuka yomelele kangangokuba yasuka yawaqhawula onke amatyathanga. Ngoko ke, oothixo benza ityathanga elingaqhawukiyo, iGleipnir.
Xa oothixo bazama ukuyibopha ingcuka ngamatyathanga, ayizange ivume. UTyr wathembisa i-monster ukuba uyakuyisusa kwangoko ikhonkco. Njengokuvavanya ukunyaniseka kwakhe, uTire wabeka ingalo yakhe yasekunene emlonyeni wengcuka. Emva kokuba ityathanga lifakwe elunyaweni lwengcuka, akukho mntu wacinga ukuphinda alisuse eli khonkco kwakhona. Njengesohlwayo sobuxoki bakhe, uFenriswolf waluma ingalo yothixo uTyr. Ukususela ngoko, iTire ibinguthixo oxhobe omnye.
Kwidabi lokugqibela, uRagnarok, uTyr, uThor, uFreyr, no-Odin baphuma ngaphandle kwamasango eValhalla kunye. ITyr yalwa idabi ngokuchasene ne-helhound Garm, eyayigada ubukumkani baseHel. Uthixo wayibulala inja, kodwa yena wafa. Ukuhambelana nothixo omkhulu u-Odin unokufumaneka naseRagnarok.
Ngenxa yokuba u-Odin ulwa noFenriswolf, omele ukuba wayengumchasi weTire. ETire kwakusele i-hellhound kuphela, enokubonwa njengohlobo oluthile lobuthathaka bengcuka. Esi sahluko samva nje sentsomi yamaNorse sinika ubungqina obungakumbi bokuba iTyr ne-Odin zazenzelwe ukulingana okanye ukuba igama elithi Odin ekuqaleni laliyelinye igama leTire, linikwe eyalo ibali kwiinkulungwane.
Heimdall
UHeimdall wayengomnye wezithixo eziphambili zamaNorse kunye namaJamani kwintsomi. Umsebenzi wakhe yayikukukhusela i-bifrost. Le bhulorho yomnyama, eyayidibanisa indawo yoluntu yaseMidgard noothixo baseAsgard, kwafuneka ikhuselwe. Ngenxa yokuba ngokwesiprofeto somboni uVolva (Volüspa), isiphelo sehlabathi, iRagnarok, siya kufika ngokukhawuleza xa i-giant giant Surt itshabalalisa ibhulorho.
UHeimdall wazalelwa koodade abasithoba abakhulu, ababizwa ngokuba ngamaza. Amaza ziintombi zengxilimbela yaselwandle i-Aegir, eyayingowohlanga lwamandulo. Ngenxa yoko, inzala kaHeimdall indala kuneyabanye oothixo baka-Aesi. I-Heimdall ikwathathwa njengolumke kakhulu kwaye wazi izinto zonke. Le propathi nayo ayifani noothixo base-Aesi abathanda imfazwe, kodwa ihambelana noothixo bamandulo be-Wanen, eyayikho kwilizwe lamaNorse leentsomi.
Ukongeza, uHeimdall wanikwa amandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. Ngoko ngewayekhule ingca noboya. Ngamehlo akhe wayelibona lonke ihlabathi. Oku kwamvumela ukuba abone zonke izinto ezenzekayo kwihlabathi elisithoba. Kwi-Edda ithi:
“Kuthiwa kwiintsomi zamandulo enye yeenkosi, egama linguHeimdall, yeza kunxweme lolwandle endleleni yayo. Apho wafumana indlu waza wabizwa ngokuba nguRíg». Ngokufanelekileyo, uHeimdall waziguqula okanye wazenza i-rig kwaye wafikelela kwizindlu ezintathu ezilalini. Ngaphantsi kwegama lekhowudi iRig, wenza iklasi yentlalontle kwindlu nganye: eyamakhoboka, abalimi kunye neenkosana. Kwisithethe samaNorse, uHeimdall nguthixo owadala intlalontle.
Umele ukuba wawufezile lo msebenzi ngaphambi kokuba afike eAsgard, ummandla wezithixo. Ngenxa yokuba emva kokungena kwakhe kwintsapho yase-Aesir, ngokwenene wema kwibhulorho yonke imihla kwaye wayikhusela. Wayehlala e-Asgard kunye nabo bonke abanye oothixo baka-Aesir kunye nebhotwe lakhe, u-Himinbjörg, wayekufuphi ngqo ne-Rainbow Bridge.
ULoki wayenguthixo ofihlakeleyo weentsomi zamaNorse. Kwakhona wayehlala phakathi koothixo baka-Aesi kwaye ekuqaleni wayenandipha udumo oluhle. Kodwa ekugqibeleni kuthiwa uLoki uholele ekupheleni kwehlabathi, imfazwe yokugqibela yaseRagnarok, kwaye walwa noothixo kunye nabantu. Noko ke, ngaphambi koko, kuthiwa wayesoloko ehlola izithixo yaye eyila amayelenqe. Elinye ibali lisixelela ngento yokuba weba iintsimbi zomqala, iiBrisingamen, kuthixokazi omhle uFreya. UHeimdall, owayehlala ebona yonke into, waqaphela ulwaphulo-mthetho waza wasukela uLoki.
Kuthiwa uLoki uye watsibela elwandle, waguqulwa waba sisitywina, waza wabalekela esiqithini. UHeimdall, owathi ekugqibeleni wakhulela elwandle, watsibela emva kwakhe. Emva koko wagxotha uLoki, naye kwifom yetywina, kwisiqithi. Bobabini oothixo balwa omnye komnye kwesi siqithi, benjengamatywina. Ngokutsho kwentsomi, uHeimdall kuthiwa uphumelele ukulwa, kodwa, ngesicelo sika-Odin, wamsindisa uLoki. U-Heimdall emva koko wabuyisela i-necklace enqabileyo kuFreya.
Njengemihla ngemihla, uHeimdall wayegada iBrorho yaseBifrost. Xa ebona ama-giants, ekhokelwa nguLoki, esondela, i-scout yavuthela uphondo lwakhe lwe-Gjallar kwaye ukusuka kumasango aseValhalla kwafika u-Odin, uThor noTyr, elandelwa ngamaqhawe awileyo. Umlindi u-Heimdall kamva wathatha inxaxheba edabini ngokwakhe. Kuba emfazweni wadibana notshaba lwakhe oludala uLoki. Bobabini balwa kanobom babulalana.
Assin
Ama-Asins ahle kwaye oothixokazi abakhulu ecaleni kwe-Aesir. Ukongeza kumagorha angamadoda anamandla navavanyiweyo yimfazwe, inkosi ikwaquka nezithixokazi ezinkulu nezingangamsha, iiasins.
Ikhabethe
UHela yintombi kaLoki kunye nesithandwa sakhe, isigebenga saseAngrboda. Abantakwabo yiNyoka yaseMidgard kunye neFenriswolf. Isiqingatha seHela sichazwa sinesikhumba esiqhelekileyo kwaye esinye sibunile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namnyama. Kolunye umboniso wamvanje uboniswa embi kakhulu kwaye eyoyikeka njengegqwirha.
Kwakhona wayenecala elilungileyo: ngabantu ababi kuphela abaya kuthuthunjiswa eHelheim, i-underworld yaseJamani. Kwabalungileyo, kwakukho iikona ezipholileyo apho unokunyamezela khona. Ngoko iHelheim ayinakufaniswa nesihogo samaKristu, kuba bonke abangabhubhiyo emfazweni beza eHelheim.
Isilo-qabane sakhe nguGarm the hellhound. Umkhonzi wakhe nguGanglot kunye nomkhonzi uGanglat. UHela uxhobe ngemela yeSultr. Uhlala kwindlu ka-Eljudnir (usizi) kunye nomnyango Fallan aforad (ingozi). Utyela etafileni uHungr (ulambile). Ulala kumandlalo weKor (ibhokisi), emva komkhusane weBlikjandabol (intlekele). UHela wakhulela eAsgard. Abanye oothixo babulala iNyoka yaseMidgard baza bayibopha iFenris. Bamgxotha ke udadewabo omdala, uHela, kuba besoyika impindezelo yakhe. Ngoko uHela waseka indawo yabafileyo phantsi kweengcambu zomthi wehlabathi.
UFrigg
UFrigg (obizwa ngokuba yiFrija zizizwe zaseJamani) ngumfazi othembekileyo wothixo omkhulu uOdin. Kunye naye unoonyana abane kunye neeValkyries njengeentombi. Ngoxa amaJamani aseMntla ayesahlula phakathi kukaFreya (uthixokazi wothando) noFrigg (uthixokazi womtshato; umfazi kaOdin), kubonakala ngathi uFreya wayenguthixokazi ongaziwayo kwizizwe zamaJamani zelo lizwe. Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zikaFreya (ubuhle, isibheno sesondo, ukuzala) kubhekiselwa kuFrigg.
Ngenxa yokufana phakathi kwamagama akhe aseMzantsi Jamani uFrija noFreya, kukho ukubhideka okongeziweyo okuqhubeka nanamhla. UFrigg uhlala kwi-fensal yakhe (ibhotwe lomlambo) e-Asgard kwaye uyalukwa. Iimveliso zabo zokuluka zinokubonwa njengamafu kubantu baseMidgard. Nokuba uFrigg udlala indima ebalulekileyo njengomfazi wothixo oyintloko kwaye wayehlonelwa ngamaTeutons, akakhankanywa rhoqo kwiindinyana zikaEdda (iimbongi mhlawumbi zafumanisa ukuba iFreya enomsindo inomdla ngakumbi).
Freya
Uyise nguthixo wolwandle uNjörd kwaye umama wakhe sisigebenga esinguSkadi. Uvela koothixo baseVanes. UFreya sisithixokazi sasendle, esiziphethe kakubi nesinethuku. Imele ubuhle, ukuzala, isondo, kodwa kunye negolide, imfazwe kunye nomlingo. UFreya ubonisa uthando, njengoko le ntsomi ilandelayo evela ku-Edda ibonisa: Xa umyeni wakhe emshiya uhambo olude, uFreya akakwazi ukunyamezela kwaye ukhale iinyembezi zegolide eziwela emhlabeni njenge-amber. UFreya unee-bobcats ezimbini, azisebenzisayo njengezilwanyana zokutsala imoto yakhe. Ukwangumnini wehagu yasendle iHilisvini, akhwela kuyo.
UFreya unokubhabha ngengubo yefalcon. Kwafuneka ahlawule ixabiso lobucwebe obuvuthuza impepho abunxiba entanyeni kwimisebenzi emininzi kwaye oko kumenza abe mhle kwaye akhazimle: Uchithe "ubusuku bezothando" nomntu ngamnye kwabancinci abane abakha amaqhekeza. Izizwe zaseMzantsi Jamani azibonakali ngathi zazimazi uFreya, okanye kunoko, zazinqula uFrigg noFreya njengothixokazi.
Kwiindinyana ze-Edda, nangona kunjalo, uFreya ubizwa ngokuba nguthixokazi odumileyo. Kwakhona, amagama amaninzi eendawo eScandinavia angalandelelwa emva kumagama abo. Oku kubonisa ukuba wayenqulwa kwaye igama lakhe lizisa amathamsanqa.
sif
USif, phakathi koothixo baseNorse, ngumfazi okanye iqabane likaThor. NgoThor unentombi egama linguThrud. Kulwimi lwakudala lwesiNorse, uSif uthetha izalamane okanye izalamane. Ngokwentsomi yasentla, uSif kuthiwa wayeneenwele ezinde eziblonde. Wayeyi-clairvoyant enamandla omlingo, yiyo loo nto imvelaphi yakhe ingekho kwizithixo ze-Ace. Kumtshato wakhe noThor, wazala unyana ogama lingu-Uller. Exhobe ngesaphetha, u-Uller wayenguthixo wokuzingela, ubusika kunye nokutyibiliza ekhephini.
Ngenye imini, uLoki waya kuye waza wacheba iinwele zakhe. UThor wayenomsindo kangangokuba wayengathanda ukuyibulala kwangoko le ndoda. Kodwa uLoki waqinisekisa ukuba yayiyintlekisa nje kwaye wayefuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba uSif uyazibuyisela iinwele zakhe. Waya kwi-dwarfs waza wazenzela iwigi yegolide ecocekileyo. Abancinci babeluqonda kakuhle urhwebo lwabo kangangokuba iinwele zegolide zazingenako ukwahlulwa kwiinwele zokwenyani.
Kuba iinwele zikaSif zegolide zazibuthathaka kwaye zilungile kwaye zithambile kangangokuba zazihexa emoyeni. Ngaloo ndlela, akukho mntu unokwahlula iinwele zegolide kwizinwele zangempela. Kwakhona, ngokungathi ngomlingo, iwigi yafumana iimpawu ezithile. Kaloku phezu kwentloko kaSif iwigi yaba yinto enye kuye zakhula iinwele zegolide okwenyani.
Akukho nto ingako eyaziwayo ngoSif. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba wayengumfazi kaThor, wazisa unyana wabo emtshatweni, kunye neenwele zakhe ezintle, akukho nto yimbi ebhaliweyo kwi-Edda. Yiyo loo nto uSif eshiya indawo eninzi yokuthelekelela nokutolika.
Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba iinwele zikaSif zazifuzisela ukuvuthwa kwamasimi engqolowa kunye nomhlaba olimekayo. Abantu belo xesha babebanqula ngenxa yokuhluma kweenwele eziphetshethwayo emoyeni, okokozo lwengqolowa endle. Ngenxa yoko, wayeya kuba nguthixokazi wenzala okanye wokuqola. Unyana wakhe u-Uller, owayegqalwa njengothixo wobusika, ngoko wayeza kumela ixesha elisemva kweSif.
Kukwacingelwa ukuba uSif kunye neenwele zakhe zegolide zazibonwa njengemiqondiso yemitha yelanga. Nangona kunjalo, unyana wakhe u-Uller uya kuba ngumchasi okanye umphumo wendalo. Ukuba ujonga ukusetyenziswa kwengcambu yegama elithi "sif", ivumela utoliko olungakumbi. Kuba amagama anjengendawo emdaka (versifft) okanye igritty (siffig) athetha ukungcoliswa.
Ngenxa yoko, abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba ukucheba iinwele kufuneka kube luhlobo lokungcoliswa kobuhle. Ukutyhubela imbali yoluntu, amabhinqa aye achetywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngokomzekelo, xa aqalisa ukukrexeza. Oku kwabahlazisa kwaye kwabaphawula. Mhlawumbi imvelaphi yesi sigwebo ikwintsomi kaSif.
Vanir
IVanir ithathwa njengeyona indala koothixo ababini baseNorse, indawo yabo yokuhlala yiVanaheim. Iqela elincinane liqulunqwe ikakhulu zizithixo zokuzala kunye nemimoya ethanda uxolo yendalo, iVanir ithathwa njengexanduva lokukhusela kunye nokunyamekela intsimi kunye neziko lomlilo.
ifreyr
UFreyr okanye uFrey nguthixo waseNorse wokuchuma. Wayethathwa njengomnye wezithixo eziphambili ze-Asgard, nangona uFrey eneneni evela kwintsapho yoothixo bakaVanir. Phakathi koothixo bamaNorse ukwindawo ekhethekileyo kuba abalimi abaqhelekileyo, ababengengomajoni, babemnqula. Ukuhlonipha uFreyr, imikhosi yaqhutyelwa kwizizwe zeViking kunye neJamani kunye neminikelo. UFreyr othobekileyo wayenamandla phezu kwelanga nemvula, naye wayengumlawuli wobukumkani base-Alfheim ngexesha elifanayo.
Kodwa uFreyr naye wayethathwa njengomlo omkhulu. Ikrele lakhe lomlingo elalikwazi ukulwa lodwa kwaye lalisoyikwa phakathi kwezigebenga. Ekugqibeleni, ikamva likaFreyr liya kuba kukufa eRagnarök. Ngokwenyani, uFreyr wayenguthixo wentsapho yakwaVanir.
KwiMfazwe kaVan walwa ecaleni kukayise uNjörd ngokuchasene no-Odin no-Asgard, kodwa abathinjwa batshintshiselwana ekupheleni kwemfazwe. Oku kufanele kuqinisekise ukumanyana koothixo ababini, ngaphezu koko, kwakuthenjiswe ukuba ukudityaniswa kwazo zombini iintsapho zoothixo kwakuya kuthintela iimfazwe ezingakumbi. UFreyr weza e-Asgard noyise uNjörd kunye nodadewabo uFreya. Ukususela ngoko uye wahlala phakathi koothixo baka-Aesir kwaye uyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomyalelo woothixo baseNorse.
Intsomi kaFreyr igxile kakhulu ekuthandeni uGerda. UGerda yingxilimbela eyabonwa nguFrey ngenye imini kwisihlalo esiphezulu seHlidskjalf eneneni itrone ka-Odin, apho inokubona khona ihlabathi lonke. Emva kokuba uFrey ekhwele kwisihlalo esiphezulu, wakwazi ukubona ihlabathi lonke. Amehlo akhe afika eRiesenheim, apho wabona intombazana entle. Kuthiwa uFreyr wathandana nesigebenga esihle kuloo ndawo.
Ngenxa yokuba iingxilimbela kunye nee-aces zaziziintshaba ezifayo ukususela ekuqaleni kwexesha, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba adibane nentanda yakhe. Njengoko uFreyr wayekhula ngakumbi nangakumbi, utata wakhe, uNjörd, wayibona imeko yonyana wakhe waza wambuza ngokucaphuka kwakhe. Kodwa uFreyr wawunqanda lo mbuzo. UNjörd akazange aneliseke koku kwaye wabeka umkhonzi uSkinir eFreyr. U-Skirnir, okanye u-Skinir, wayengumkhonzi othembekileyo kwindlu ye-Aesir, wayethathwa njengomphathi othembekileyo owayethunyelwa kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.
U-Skirnir wayebhekwa njengomkhonzi othembekileyo kwaye uFreyr wayenobudlelwane bokwenene bokuthembela kunye nobuhlobo kunye naye. Xa umkhonzi wabuza ukuba kutheni uFreyr efuna nje ukuba yedwa kwaye avele nje e-Asgard, wavuma ukuba wabona intombi enyulu eRiesenheim waza wamthanda, wathi wayeyintombi yesigebenga saseGymir, igama lakhe nguGerda. mhle. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo wayesazi ukuba olu thando alunakuze lubekho. Ubutshaba phakathi kwee-aces kunye nezigebenga babubukhulu kakhulu loo nto.
Yaye zonke ezi meko zamenza buhlungu kangangokuba akazange afune ukunxulumana naye okanye nantoni na eyenye. USkinir ucebise ukuba ufuna ukuya eRiesenheim kwaye aphumelele uGerda egameni likaFrey. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenza oku, uya kufuna ihashe kunye nekrele, umnqweno kaFrey wawumkhulu kangangokuba wamnika ihashe lakhe kunye nekrele lomlingo. Ke umkhonzi uSkinir wemka kwangobo busuku.
Umlindi wayehleli kumasango entendelezo yaseGyrim, ucingo olubiyelweyo luvalele indlela yokungena. Ngokungathi le miqobo yayinganelanga, izinja ezinoburhalarhume zazibotshelelwa elucingweni. Ngethamsanqa, umkhonzi wayenehashe lomlingo likaFreyr njengeqabane. Ihashe elinebhongo lawela yonke imiqobo ngomda omnye kwaye iSkinir yayingaphakathi kwelifa likaGryrim. Wathi uGerda akubona ingxolo ngaphandle, wathumela isicakakazi ukuba siye kuqonda ukuba yintoni ebangele loo ngxolo. UGerda wamangaliswa gqitha xa umkhonzi wabuya nesicelo sikaSkirnir.
Kwaye ke, uGerda wangenisa umkhonzi kathixo uFrey. Wala yonke into awayeyinikwa nguSkinir ngenxa yokuba wayesisigebenga kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo wayengafuni ukutshata nothixo. USkirnir uzame ngezisongelo. Kodwa kwanesisoyikiso sokuba wayeza kumbulala asikwazanga ukusitshintsha eso sigebenga. Ngoko wabhenela kwisigqibo sokugqibela: amakhubalo neziqalekiso. Wathembisa uGerda ukuba uya kuhlala phezu kwelitye elizimeleyo aze ahlushwe ngamarhamncwa, ukuba akazange athathe uFreyr njengomyeni wakhe. UGerda wabonakala engcangcazela sesi sisongelo okanye isiqalekiso.
Wayengafuni ukujamelana nale ntlekele phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko kwaye ekugqibeleni wavuma ukutshata noFreyr kwiintsuku ezisithoba. U-Skinir wakhwela wabuyela enkosini yakhe, ekholisiwe sesi siphumo. UFrey wayechulumancile ngokutshata noGerda kangangokuba washiyela uSkinir ihashe nekrele. Kodwa oothixo bonile kwakhona ngenxa yomtshato wesinyanzelo. Ingxabano phakathi kwee-aces kunye nezigebenga iye yaqina ngakumbi. UFrey kufuneka ahlawule le mpazamo ngobomi bakhe.
I-Ragnarök kukuhlwa koothixo, elona dabi libalulekileyo. KuFreyr, kwakhona, isiphelo sibhaliwe. Kuba eRagnarök Freyr udibana nesigebenga somlilo uSurt. UFrey mhlawumbi ngewayenethuba lokwenyani ngokuchasene nesigebenga esikhohlakeleyo ngekrele lakhe, kodwa ekubeni wayenike ikrele kumkhonzi wakhe uSkirnir, lalingenamandla ngokuchasene noSurt. Ekugqibeleni, wanikezela kwisigebenga somlilo waza wabulawa ngaso.
Khetha
U-Wali okanye uVali ligama lothixo wokuphindezela phakathi koothixo baseNorse. Igama elithi Vali livela kabini kwaye omabini amaxesha sisenzo sangabom sokuziphindezela ngoothixo. La mabali amabini ama-Wali abonisa ngokucacileyo indlela oothixo baseNorse ababambelele ngayo ekubuyiseleni kwabo. Ilifa lempindezelo limi ngaphezu kosapho, libaluleke ngakumbi kunobuhlobo nothando kwaye lichaza ukuba kutheni impindezelo ibonakala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwilizwe lamaNorse legends kwaye idlala indima ephambili.
Unyana kaOdin uBalder wabulawa. Nangona kunjalo, umbulali yayinguHödur, owayengunyana kaOdin kunye nomntakwabo kaBalder. Ukubulala kwenzeka ngempazamo kuba uHödur wayengaboni. I-Balder yayibhekwa njengengenabungozi kwaye ngoko ke oothixo badubula, bambetha kwaye bamgwaza, benandipha into yokuba uBalder wayengenakonakaliswa. UHödur, njengothixo oyimfama, wema ekoneni waza waphulaphula lo mboniso. Emva koko waphenjelelwa nguthixo onobuqili uLoki ukuba adubule utolo kumntakwabo.
Bonke abanye oothixo, kuquka u-Odin, sele bedubule eBalder. Ngoku uHödur oyimfama naye wathwaxwa. Noko ke, into awayengayazi uHödur kukuba olu tolo lwenziwe nge<em>mistletoe. Kwakhona wayengazi ukuba i-mistletoe yayikuphela kwesityalo esinokubulala i-Balder. Engarhaneli nto, wamdubula umninawa wakhe waza wambulala. UOdin wafunga ukuziphindezela kunyana wakhe. Wayengakhathali nokuba esi senzo senzeke ngengozi okanye hayi. Kwakufuneka aziphindezele, kungenjalo lo msebenzi wawuya kukudla ubomi bakhe bonke.
Yena, umfazi wakhe okanye abantwana bakhe babengenakumbulala uHödur kuba babezalana naye. Kuba oku kuya kudala kuphela isibophelelo esitsha sokuziphindezela, apho babengenako ukusinda. Ngoko uOdin wayekhangela iqabane elifanelekayo elalingengozalana noHödur. Ukhetho lwakhe lwawela kuthixokazi uRind, owayengenalo unxibelelwano lwentsapho noHödur oyimfama. U-Odin wayephethe uRind waza wazala unyana ogama linguWali kunye naye.
U-Wali waba yindoda enhle ngosuku olulodwa kwaye u-Odin wabonisa impindezelo yakhe kuye. Ngoko uWali waphuma waya kukhangela uHödur, umntakwabo ngonina. Xa ekugqibeleni wamfumana ezimele emqolombeni, wamdubula ngesaphetha nangotolo. Ngoku u-Wali wakhululwa kwimpindezelo yakhe, ilungelo lakhe lokuphila kwaye wayehlala phakathi koothixo. Izenzo ezimanyumnyezi zoothixo zasondeza iRagnarok. UWali kunye nomntakwabo uVidar basinda eRagnarok.
Igama elithi Wali livela okwesibini kwiintsomi zamaNorse. Kwaye imalunga nokuziphindezela kuBalder. Ngenxa yokuba unyana kaLoki, owayenaye nomfazi wakhe uSigyn, wayebizwa ngokuba nguWali. Xa oothixo baseNorse belandela uLoki ukuba baphendule ngokufa kukaBalder, bajika u-Wali abe yingcuka. Le ngcuka ke ubulala umntakwabo Narfi, ngoko ke clan Loki kaThixo naye wabulawa. Oothixo benza amakhamandela emathunjini onyana ukuze babophe uLoki.
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