Ekufikeni kwabemi baseYurophu, abantu ababehlala kumbindi wendawo ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba yiMexico babenesithethe sonqulo esabuyela emva kumawaka eminyaka apho ulwalamano noothixo lwalubalulekile. Apha siya kubazi ukuba babengoobani oothixo baseMexico.
oothixo baseMexico
I-Mexicas yahlala kwiNtlambo yaseMexico, mhlawumbi emva kokufuduka ukusuka kummandla osemazantsi we-United States yangoku kunye nomntla weMexico ukuya kumbindi wendawo yaseMexico yangoku, apho amaMexico ahlala khona kwisiqithi esasisechibini. . Amabali ama-Aztec athi aba bantu bazinza apho emva kokubona umlingo ovela kuthixo uHuitzilopochtli owawubonisa apho bafanele bahlale khona. Ngokwale ntsomi, eso sibikezelo siya kuba ngumfanekiso wokhozi, luhleli phezu kwecactus, lubambe inyoka.
Ngaloo ndlela, iTenochtitlán yasekwa ngo-1325, yaza yaba sisixeko esichume kakhulu nekomkhulu loBukhosi bama-Aztec. Ukukhula kwesi sixeko kwakunxulumene nokomelezwa kwabantu baseMexico nokoyiswa kweedolophu ezingabamelwane. Ababhali-mbali bathi njengoko isixeko saseTenochtitlán sasisiya sisityebi, iMexico yazimanya nezinye izixeko eziselumelwaneni, yaza yenza iTriple Alliance yoyisa abantu baloo mmandla. Ngale ndlela, ama-Aztec enza ubukhosi obunabemi abamalunga nezigidi ezilishumi elinanye.
Umbono wehlabathi
Ukuze siqonde indima yoothixo baseMexico kunqulo lwabo, kufuneka siqale ngokuziqhelanisa nendlela iMexica eyayiyibona ngayo indalo iphela. Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, i-Mexica yayicinga ngomhlaba njengendawo ethe tyaba, exande okanye engqukuva, ejikelezwe lulwandle olusuka phezulu lude lufikelele emazulwini. Ezi zixhaswe ngoothixo abane (i-Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, i-Xiuhtecuhtli, i-Quetzalcoatl kunye ne-Mictlantecuhtli) nganye ihambelana ne-cardinal point: eMpuma, eNyakatho, eNtshona naseMzantsi.
Kumda othe nkqo wecosmos, iMexica yayikholelwa kubukho bamanqanaba alishumi elinesithathu "ehlabathi eliphezulu" kunye nesithoba sangaphantsi komhlaba. Ngalinye kula manqanaba lalihlalwa ngoothixo baseMexica, iinkwenkwezi, kunye nezinye izidalwa zasentsomini. : INyanga yayihlala kweyokuqala, iCitlalicue (inengubo yeenkwenkwezi) kweyesibini, iTonatiuh, iLanga, kweyesithathu, njalo njalo ukuya kuthi ga kwishumi elinesithathu nangaphezulu, iOmeyocan, (Indawo yoBuntu), ikhaya lemvelaphi isibini, u-Ometecuhtli no-Omecíhuatl.
Kwakhona okubaluleke kakhulu ziindlela iMexica ezazibona ngayo ixesha. Kwakukho iikhalenda ezimbini: ikhalenda yelanga yeentsuku ezingama-365 eyenziwe ziinyanga ezilishumi elinesibhozo ezineentsuku ezingamashumi amabini kunye neentsuku ezintlanu “ezinethamsanqa”; kunye nesinye isiko leentsuku ezingama-260 ezenziwe ngokudityaniswa kweempawu zeentsuku ezingamashumi amabini ezinamanani alishumi elinesithathu. Inyanga nganye yeentsuku ezingamashumi amabini yayikhatshwa yimibhiyozo ebalulekileyo kwiidolophu eziphambili zobukumkani baseMexico. Ikhalenda yesiko yayisetyenziselwa ukubala iintsuku ezifanelekileyo zemisebenzi ethile (ukulima, ukuvuna, ukuzingela, ukunyula ukumkani, njl.
Ababhali bembali bokuqala baseSpeyin bamangaliswa luninzi lwezithixo zaseMexico abazifumanayo (abangekho ngaphantsi kwama-2.000 XNUMX ngokutsho kukaLópez de Gómara). Izinto ezifana namanzi, umoya, umhlaba nomlilo; iindawo ezibonakalayo ezifana neenduli okanye imilambo; izinto zendalo ezifana nombane okanye imvula; izilwanyana, izityalo, kwanezinye izinto ezifana nezixhobo zomculo zisenokuba ngoothixo okanye iziseko zemikhosi yobuthixo.
Kwanabanye abantu, amakhoboka okanye abathinjwa bemfazwe, kodwa nababingeleli okanye iinkokeli “eziphethwe” sisithixo esithile, banokuba ixiptla (umfanekiso okanye ummeli ngesiNahuatl) woothixo ekuthethwa ngabo, nokuba ngeso sihlandlo kuphela okanye ngabo bonke abanye. ubomi. Ngokufanayo, uthixo onjengoQuetzalcoatl unokuthatha imo yendalo efana nomoya, njengeplanethi (iVenus), abonakale ekwimo yesilwanyana (inkawu, opossum), ikhoboka elithinjiweyo okanye inkokeli yezopolitiko.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, izithethe, zikawonke wonke nezabucala, zaba nendima ebalulekileyo kubomi beMexica yamandulo, ukusa kwinqanaba lokuba isigaba ngasinye somjikelo wobomi (ukuzalwa, umtshato, ukufa, njalo njalo) sasibandakanya ukwenziwa kwezithethe ezithile. Kwangokunjalo, amaqela ahlukeneyo asekuhlaleni, uluntu okanye amazwe anezithethe zawo ezenzelwe ukuhlonela oothixo bawo abangabaxhasi okanye ukukhuthaza impembelelo yabo eluntwini.
Kambe ke, yayiluqheliselo olungokwesithethe lokubingelela oluye lwatsalela ingqalelo engakumbi phakathi kwabo baye bachaza unqulo lwamaMexico amandulo. Njengakwezinye iinkolo ezininzi zehlabathi, ukubingelelwa kwezilwanyana kunye nabantu kwakuyeyona nto iphambili kwimbono yehlabathi yeMexica. Injongo yayo yayikukutya iLanga kunye noMhlaba. Kwintsomi yemvelaphi yeLanga neNyanga, ibali libaliswa ngendlela oothixo ababini abazinikela ngayo kumlilo omkhulu ukuze babe zizidalwa ezibini zasesibhakabhakeni baza baqalisa ukushukuma esibhakabhakeni.
Enyanisweni, ingcamango yokuba ubomi buzalwa ngokufa yayisisiseko kwingcinga yaseMesoamerican, njengentsomi yemvelaphi yomntu emathanjeni. Siyazi ukuba abantwana, amadoda namabhinqa aselula, abantu abadala, bonke banokuba “yimifanekiso” yoothixo ngamaxesha athile, ekupheleni kwawo ukuba abingelelwe.
Oothixo baseMexico kunye noluntu
Uninzi lwezithixo zaseMexica zazibotshelelwe ngokubanzi kwizixeko ezithile, iidolophu okanye iindawo ezihlala kuzo. Inani elandayo loothixo kwixesha le-postclassical lihambelana nendaleko eqhubekayo yoluntu, kwaye ukwakhiwa 'kosapho' lwezithixo kubonisa ubume bentlalo yoluntu; Ukuba sijonga imibutho yelo xesha (amaqela abantu abakhethekileyo kurhwebo olufanayo) sibona ngokukhawuleza oothixo abanxulumene nabo: I-Coyotl Inahual yabasebenzi beentsiba, i-Xipe Tótec yabasebenzi bentsimbi exabisekileyo, njl.
Kwanabo bangathathi ntweni, abo badla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngamakhoboka ( i<em>tlatlacotin ), babekhuselwe nguthixo onamandla njengoTezcatlipoca. Ngokucacileyo, amaqela alawulayo ayenelungelo lokuba nezithixo zawo eziwakhuselayo, ezinjengoTlaloc (ababingeleli abakhuselayo), uXochipilli (izidwangube), noTezcatlipoca noHuitzilopochtli (kukumkani ngokwakhe).
I-Mexica pantheon yoothixo yayinzima kwaye ididekile, oothixo babelwa iintsingiselo kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ngenxa yokuba abanye babo banamagama amaninzi. Ngapha koko, ukukhutshelwa kweSpanish kolwimi lwesiNahuatl kubangele ukupelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Oothixo baseMexica babemelwe kwimo yezilwanyana, kwimo yezilwanyana-yomntu, okanye njengezinto zesithethe. Uthixo ngamnye wayeyenye yeendawo ezintathu zehlabathi loothixo:
- izithixo zomdali emhlabeni weTopan (ezulwini)
- oothixo bokuchuma kwihlabathi eliphakathi iCemanahuatl (umhlaba)
- oothixo beMictlan engaphantsi komhlaba
IQuetzalcoatl
UQuetzalcóatl (Inyoka yaseQuetzal okanye iNyoka enentsiba enomsila oBright; Itzá Kukulcán, Quiché Q'uq'umatz) sisithixo esidibanisa iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo zaseMesoamerica, kuquka iToltec, Aztec, kunye namaMaya. Uthixo uTlahuizcalpantecuhtli usenokuba luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweQuetzalcoatl. Kwimiboniso yokuqala, i-Quetzalcóatl iba yi-zoomorphic, imelwe njenge-rattlesnake enkulu umzimba wayo ogqunywe ngeentsiba zentaka engcwele ye-quetzal.
Kwintsomi yama-Aztec, uQuetzalcoatl unguthixo womoya, isibhakabhaka, umhlaba, nothixo ongumdali. Ifuzisela ulwandle. Abantu bomthonyama baseMesoamerica bakholelwa kwii-eras ezintlanu (iilanga ezintlanu) kwaye kuthiwa uluntu lwangoku, ilanga lesihlanu, lenziwe nguQuetzalcoatl ukusuka emathanjeni oluntu lwangaphambili ngoncedo lweCihuacoatl. Kukho amabali amaninzi malunga nemvelaphi kaQuetzalcóatl: kuthiwa wazalwa yintombi enyulu uChimalman, uCoatlicue okanye uXochiquetzal okanye omnye woonyana abane baka-Ometecuhtli no-Omecihuatl.
ETeotihuacán wayenqulwa njengothixo wendalo kwasekuqaleni. Indawo yakhe engcwele yayiseCholula. Wayegqalwa njengomlawuli wexesha lesibini lehlabathi. Isithethe sinokuthi uQuetzalcóatl, xa eqalisa kwaye eshiya iTlapallan engaqondakaliyo, wabhengeza ukuba ngenye imini uya kuwela iAtlantiki kunye neqela lakhe ukuze aphinde athathe ubukhosi bakhe.
Oku kunikwa njengenye yezizathu zokuba umlawuli uMoctezuma II wachasa ngokuthandabuzayo kuphela abahlaseli baseSpain phantsi kukaHernán Cortés ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX: wayengenako ukuthintela ukubandakanyeka kwabathunywa bakathixo. Kuphando lwakutsha nje, le ngcaciso yaziwa ngokuba yintsomi etolikiweyo yembali, eyaba ngenxa yeenjongo zokugwetyelwa kweSpanish.
UHernán Cortés wayengenayo imvume yokoyisa le nto ngoku eyiMexico, injongo yakhe yayikukuphonononga kuphela. Ekubeni ngoko ke uMnqobi wayetyholwa yinkundla yaseSpeyin, wabhala incwadi eya kumlawuli, apho wazisa ukuba ama-Aztec ayesele edlulisele ubukhosi bawo kuye ngaphambi kokuba eze kulwa ngenxa yokuba ayenesibikezelo apho uCortés wayengumlawuli. . Ngaloo ndlela, ukunqotshwa kweMexico kunokutolikwa njengokunyanzeliswa kwemvukelo yama-Aztec kunye noCortés ebalekela isigwebo esithile sokufa ngenxa yokoyisa okungagunyaziswanga.
Huitzilopochtli
I-Huitzilopochtli (I-Hummingbird yasezantsi okanye i-hummingbird ukuya ngakwesobunxele, ngokutsho kweMexica imagination, umzantsi wawungasekhohlo, ulandela indlela yelanga ukusuka empuma ukuya entshona) Yeyona nto ibalulekileyo koothixo baseMexica, uthixo wabo ongumlondolozi wezizwe. . Ngokomyalelo wakhe, ama-Aztec asuka kwilizwe lasentsomini lase-Aztlán, waza waphila ubomi bokuhambahamba ixesha elide, emva koko wayalela ukuba ahlale aze afumane isixeko saseTenochtitlán. Endleleni, bayithatha ngendlela ye-bundle engcwele: tlaquimilolli.
Ngokutsho kweenkolelo zama-Aztec, wayenguthixo wemfazwe nelanga encotsheni yalo, isimntwiso sesibhakabhaka emini, ehlotyeni nasemini emaqanda. Iintsomi malunga nokudalwa kwehlabathi zibonakala njengendodana yesine yeNkosi kunye ne-Lady of the duality Ometecuhtli (Tonacatecuhtli) kunye ne-Omecihuatl (Tonacacihuatl), owazalwa ngaphandle komzimba, kwaye kule fomu ikhona iminyaka eyi-600. Wayegqalwa njengotshaba olukrelekrele kwiTezcatlipoca emnyama (Yayauhqui Tezcatlipoca).
Ngokutsho kwezinye iintsomi, wazalelwa kuthixokazi uCoatlicue. Ukukhulelwa kwakubangelwa yibhola yeentsiba zeentaka, ethi uthixokazi wayifihla phantsi kwengubo yakhe. Abazalwana baka-Huitzilopochtli ababeza kuzalwa babefuna ukubulala unina (babezicingela ukuba bahlazekile ngenxa yokukhulelwa kwakhe), kodwa u-Huitzilopochtli wazalwa exhobile waza waboyisa bonke abachasi, kuquka nodadewabo uCoyolxauhqui (iintsimbi zegolide), intloko yakhe enqunyulwe wayiphosa ebholeni. isibhakabhaka sidala iNyanga.
Kunqulo olusemthethweni lwama-Aztec, uHuitzilopochtli wayefana nothixo onamandla uTezcatlipoca yaye wayefuze ezinye zeempawu zothixo welanga uTonatiuh noQuetzalcoatl. Ngexesha lokubekwa, abalawuli baseMexico baba yinto ephilayo ye-Huitzilopochtli.
Ngokweenkolelo zama-Aztec, uHuitzilopochtli wayezalwa ngokutsha yonke imihla aze afe xa ilanga litshona. Wayedinga amandla njengothixo welanga ukuze enze uhambo lwakhe esibhakabhakeni kwaye oyise izithixo zaseCentzon Huitznaun yonke imihla. Kwakufuneka "yondliwe" ngegazi lomntu kunye neentliziyo zabantu zisangcangcazela. Amabanjwa emfazwe ayebingelelwa. Ukuze aqinisekise inani elaneleyo lamaxhoba, ama-Aztec aphumeza oko kufane kubizwe ngokuba ziintyatyambo zemfazwe ngenjongo ephambili yokubamba amabanjwa, kungekhona ukoyisa okanye ukuphanga.
U-Huitzilopochtli wayemelwe enomzimba oluhlaza kunye nemigca etyheli ebusweni bakhe, exhobe kakuhle kwaye enxibe iintsiba ze-hummingbird. Ngembeko yakhe, ekupheleni konyaka kwakubhiyozelwa umnyhadala wePanquetzaliztli (ukuphakanyiswa kweflegi), apho kusiliwa imilo baze abo baphulukeneyo babingelelwe kuye.
I-Tezcatlipoca
I-Tezcatlipoca (kwaye i-Metzli, iNkosi yesibuko sokutshaya) - Kwi-pantheon yama-Aztec, uthixo wobubi, ubumnyama, kunye nokuziphindezela, umnombo wakhe awucaci ngokupheleleyo. Ngokweengxelo zentsomi, wayengumdali onguthixo kunye neLanga loMhlaba (Nahui Ocelotl) ngexesha lehlabathi lokuqala kunye nomnye woonyana abane bomdali u-Ometeotl (oothixo ababini), umdali obini wehlabathi obandakanya isiqalo indoda Ometecuhtli (iNkosi Duality) kunye Omecihuatl female (Lady Duality).
Wayenguthixo wolungiselelo, welishwa, wobumnyama, nesono. Wadala umlilo, wakhokela oosiyazi kunye namagorha. Wayeboniswe ngobuso obupeyintwe ngemivimbo emnyama, ngeemela ze-obsidian okanye ze-flint, kunye nesibuko se-obsidian (isibuko sokutshaya). Walawula ubusuku kunye necala elingasentla lehlabathi, isimboli sakhe kwi-cosmology ye-Aztec yayiyi-constellation ye-Great Bear. Ngokutsho kweentsomi zaseMexico, umfazi wakhe wayenguthixokazi uXilonen. Waqweqwedisa uthixokazi uXochiquetzal, isilwanyana esimela iTezcatlipoca yijaguar.
Isibuko sokutshaya simvumela ukuba abone yonke into emhlabeni, phantsi komhlaba kunye nesibhakabhaka, kunye nokubona nokuxela kwangaphambili ikamva. Wayengoyena thixo unqulwayo eTexcoco. I-Tezcatlipoca kunye newele lakhe u-Quetzalcoatl baba yinyoka kwaye banqoba i-monster Tlalteuctli, kwaye ukusuka kwisiqingatha somzimba wakhe badala izulu nomhlaba. Baqinisa umsebenzi wabo ngokudala uMthi woBomi, odibanisa onke amanqanaba ezulu, umhlaba ophantsi kunye noMhlaba. Ngethuba lokulwa, walahlekelwa unyawo, olwathi lwatshintshwa ngumzimba wenyoka okanye isibuko sokutshaya.
Uhlala ebonakaliswa njengomchasi wesithixo saseMesoamerican uQuetzalcoatl (ekwathi, ngokutsho kweentsomi, walwa idabi eliqatha elamnyanzela ukuba aye empuma) kunye noHuitzilopochtli (uthixo omkhulu wemfazwe, ilanga nasezantsi). UTezcatlipoca noQuetzalcóatl batshintshana kumjikelo wendalo nentshabalalo, kumzabalazo ongunaphakade. Ikamva labo bobabini oothixo njengemifuziselo yemikhosi echasayo ityhutyhene. I-Quetzalcóatl iqalisa ubukho obutsha behlabathi kwaye iTezcatlipoca izisa intshabalalo kwaye ivale imijikelo ye-cosmic.
acolmiztli
UAcolmiztli (Yena wehlabathi eligoso), owaziwa ngokuba yiAcolnahuacatl kunye neColnahuacatl ngomnye woothixo baseMexica beMictlan underworld. I-Acolmiztli ngesiNahuatl ithetha "I-Feline Eyomeleleyo" okanye "i-Puma Arm". Uhlala eboniswa njenge-cougar emnyama, enomsindo okhupha igazi. Wasinda ngokungena kummandla wabafileyo.
acuecucyoticihuati
I-Acuecucyoticihuati (Yena yejade skirt) unkulunkulukazi wolwandle, amanzi ahambayo kunye nemilambo. Ngokudibeneyo kunye nenkolo ye-Chalchiuhtlicue, yi-hypostasis yakhe. Xhasa abasetyhini abasebenzayo. Umfazi weTlaloc kunye nomama weTecciztecatl. Ukwangumxhasi ongcwele wokuzalwa kwaye udlala indima ebalulekileyo kubhaptizo lwama-Aztec. Yayikwabizwa ngokuba yiMatlalcueitl yiTlaxcalans, iintshaba zaseMexico.
Ayauhteotl
Kukubonakaliswa kothixokazi wamanzi uChalchiuhtlicue kwihlabathi loothixo baseMexico. U-Ayauhtéotl nguthixokazi wenkungu nenkungu yobusuku nentsasa, nangenxa yesimo sakhe esingcolileyo, uthixokazi wamampunge nodumo. Ibonwa kuphela ebusuku okanye kusasa. Uyintombi kaTeteoinnan kunye nodade kaTlazolteotl kunye no-Izpapalotl.
Itzpapalotl
"Obsidian Butterfly", uthixokazi wekamva elinxulumene nonqulo lwezityalo. Uthixokazi womlilo kunye neenkwenkwezi kwimo yamathambo. U-Queen of Tamoanchan kunye nomnye weCihuateteo (iidemon zasebusuku) kunye ne-tzitzimime (iidemon zeenkwenkwezi). Ngokomgaqo, yayingomnye woothixo abazingeli baseMexica Chichimeca. Wayeboniswa njengebhabhathane elinamaphiko eligcwele iiblades obsidian emacaleni, okanye enamanqina ejaguar ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. UMiccoatl wambulala.
camaxtli
ICamaxtli, icuckold, ikwathiywe igama elithi Xocotl. Wayenguthixo wesizwe samaTlaxcalans kunye (phakathi kwamanye amagama) weOtomi kunye neChichimecas. Ungowoothixo abane baseMexica abadale ihlabathi kwaye nguyise kaQuetzalcoatl. Ukwanguthixo wesizwe samaChichimecas. UCamaxtli wayengomnye wezithixo ezine zokudala kunye nothixo wokuzingela, imfazwe, ithemba kunye nomlilo ekuthiwa uye wawenza.
I-Camaxtli ithwala ukufana okunamandla kwi-Aztec Mixcoatl, kwaye mhlawumbi yayiyi-Tlaxcalan version ye-Mixcoatl, nangona kwakukho iindawo zaseMexico yamandulo apho i-Mixcoatl yayinqulwa njengoCamaxtli njengoothixo ababini abahlukeneyo.
Chalchiuhtlicue
Ekwabizwa ngokuba yiChalchiuhtlicue okanye iChalchihuitlicue, wayenguthixokazi wamanzi amileyo kunye nemilambo phakathi koothixo baseMexica. I-Chalchiuhtlicue ithetha ngesiNahuatl lowo unengubo ye-jade. Umfazi we-Xiuhtecuhtli kunye ne-Tlaloc. Imelwe ngengubo eyenziwe ngamatye aluhlaza. Umxhasi ongcwele womhla wesihlanu wenyanga (uCoatl) kwikhalenda yama-Aztec. Ngokweenkolelo zama-Aztec, wayeyiLanga laManzi (Nahui Atl) kwiminyaka yesine yehlabathi. Wayenyamekela amanzi, imilambo, imilambo kunye nolwandle kunye nezaqhwithi.
Chalchiuhtotolin
"ITurkey ngamatye anqabileyo". Kwiinkolelo zama-Aztec yayiyintambo yolwandle yothixo uTezcatlipoca nomfuziselo wamandla obugqwirha. I-Tezcatlipoca yayikholelwa ukuba inamandla okuzitshabalalisa abantu, kodwa kwi-turkey ye-Chalchiuhtotolin, unokucima ityala lakhe, ahlambulule kwaye abuyisele umva ikamva. Yayingumxhasi wekhalenda ngomhla weshumi elinesibhozo enyangeni (Tecpatl).
chantico
Owahlala endlini. (Cuaxolotl okanye iChiantli). Phakathi koothixo baseMexica, unguthixokazi womlilo, iintliziyo ezivuthayo, izinto ezixabisekileyo zobuqu, ikhaya, neentaba-mlilo. UChantico waboniswa enxibe isithsaba sameva okanye inyoka ebomvu. IChantico yayinqulwa ngokuyintloko ngabakhandi begolide, amatye anqabileyo, namalungu asekhaya awayekholelwa ukuba yayikhusela zonke izinto ezixabisekileyo ezishiywe ekhaya.
Chicomecoatl
iinyoka ezisixhenxe. Uthixokazi wombona kwiintsomi zama-Aztec. Ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa ngokuba "nguthixokazi woKutya", uthixokazi wentabalala kunye nenkalo yobufazi yombona. Ibhinqa elilingana nesithixo uCentéotl. Ngamanye amaxesha kufaniswa neCoatlicue. Rhoqo ngoSeptemba kwakunikelwa ibhinqa eliselula elimela uChicomecóatl. Ababingeleli bayinqumla intloko le ntwazana, baqokelela igazi layo, baza baliphalaza kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo kathixokazi. Emva koko, umzimba wahluthwa, emva koko umbingeleli wambathisa ulusu lomfazi osikelelekileyo.
Uthixokazi ubonakala ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo: intombazana eneentyantyambo, ibhinqa eligonywa lithetha ukufa okuqinisekileyo, nanjengomama othwala ilanga kunye naye njengekhaka. Ukwabonwa njengemazi elingana nesithixo sombona uCentéotl, uphawu lwakhe sisikhwebu sombona. Ngamanye amaxesha waziwa ngokuba nguXilonen (oneenwele), ebhekisa kwiinwele ezikwisikhwebu sombona esingapelwanga, wayetshate noTezcatlipoca.
Wayehlala ebonakala eneempawu ze-Chalchiuhtlicue, ezifana nomnqwazi onemigca emifutshane ekhuhla imihlathi yakhe. UChicomecóatl wayenomfanekiso opeyintiweyo obomvu, ngokuqhelekileyo ephethe izikhwebu zombona nento engathi yinkqonkqoza ekucingelwa ukuba isetyenziselwa unqulo.
Cihuacoatl
UCihuacoatl wayenguthixokazi wenzala wama-Aztec. UCihuacóatl uthetha ibhinqa eliyinyoka ngesiNahuatl. Ekunye noQuetzalcoatl, kuthiwa wadala uluntu lwanamhlanje ngokuxuba amathambo abantu bamandulo negazi. UCihuacóatl wayenxulunyaniswa nokuzala yaye wayedla ngokuboniswa ngemikhonto nekhaka. Ama-Aztec afanisa ukuba ngumama nemfazwe, yaye abafazi abafa bebeleka baya ezulwini kunye nabaphumi-mkhosi abafela edabini.
UCihuacóatl wayeyinkokeli ye<em>cihuateteo, iziporho zabafazi abafa ngokuzala. UCihuacóatl wayedla ngokuchazwa njengebhinqa eliselula elifunqule umntwana, nangona maxa wambi wayegqalwa njengebhinqa elinamandla eliphethe isikrweqe neentolo esandleni sakhe.
UCihuacóatl wayegqalwa njengonina kaMiscóatl, awamshiya ekudibaneni kweendlela. Wayebuyela apho rhoqo ukuze azilele unyana wakhe, kodwa wafumana imela yedini kuphela. Oku kunokuba yimvelaphi yeentsomi ezijikeleze iLa Llorona. Isibizo sikaCihuacóatl kwilizwe lama-Aztec sasikwangumbingeleli omkhulu, owayengumntu wesibini emva kokumkani ngokolawulo lwabefundisi.
centeotl
UCentéotl (okwabizwa ngokuba yiCenteocihuatl okanye uCintéotl) wayenguthixo wombona kwiintsomi zama-Aztec (ekuqaleni wayenguthixokazi). Wayekwabizwa ngokuba nguXilonen (OneNwele). UCentéotl wayengunyana kaTlazolteotl kunye nomyeni kaXochiquetzal. Yayiyinguqulelo yendoda yeChicomecoatl (Iinyoka Ezisixhenxe). Ngokutsho kweFlorentine Codex, uCentéotl wayengunyana kathixokazi wendalo uToci noTlazolteotl. Uninzi lweenkcukacha ezifunyenwe ngokubhekiselele kwi-Centéotl ibona ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo wayemelwe njengomfana osemncinci onomzimba ophuzi.
Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba uCentéotl wayekade enguthixokazi wombona uXilonen. UCentéotl wayengomnye woothixo ababalulekileyo bexesha lama-Aztec. Kukho ukufana okuninzi kwimifanekiso yeCentéotl. Umzekelo, umbona udla ngokuboniswa kwintloko yakhe. Olunye uphawu ngumgca omnyama ophuma kwishiya ukuya esihlathini kwaye uphela ekupheleni komgca womhlathi. Ezi mpawu zobuso ziyafana kwaye zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwimifanekiso yePostclassic yeMaya Maize God.
Kwi-tonalpohualli (ikhalenda yeentsuku ezingama-260 esetyenziswa ngamasiko aseMesoamerican) uCentéotl wayeyi "Nkosi yosuku" ngeentsuku ezibalwe "ezisixhenxe" (chicome ngesiNahuatl) kwaye ngowesine "iNkosi yobusuku." Kwintsomi yama-Aztec, umbona (uCintli ngesiNahuatl) waziswa emhlabeni nguQuetzalcoatl kwaye unxulunyaniswa neqela leenkwenkwezi ezaziwa namhlanje njengePleiades.
I-Coatlicue
UCoatlicue nguthixokazi womhlaba, ubomi nokufa. Ufanekiselwa njengomfazi onombhinqo owenziwe ngeenyoka kunye nentsimbi yomqala yezandla nentloko yomntu, neenyawo zakhe ziphela kwiinzipho zejaguar. Kwiinkolelo zama-Aztec, yayifanekisela uMhlaba, umniki wobomi kunye noMhlaba, udla yonke into engcwatywe kuyo. Wayengunina kaQuetzalcóatl noXólotl, kwakunye nothixo welanga uHuitzilopochtli (owathi, ngokutsho kwentsomi, wazala intombi enyulu emva kokufumana ibhola yeentsiba eziwa esibhakabhakeni), iNyanga neNkwenkwezi.
Ama-Aztec ayemnqula ngenkohlakalo uCoatlicue, esenza imibingelelo ngabantu kuye, ekholelwa ukuba igazi lakhe lalinika umhlaba ukuchuma. Ngokutsho kwamabali, nyaka ngamnye lo thixokazi wayethelelwa ngunyana wakhe, uXipe Totek, owayefaka iinkozo ezinzulu kuye ebudeni bomdlalo. Ukuze imbewu intshule, lo thixokazi wayefuna ukuxhaswa ngabantu abafayo, ngoko ababingeleli bakhe babebingelela ngeentliziyo ezikrazulwe kumaxhoba aphilayo, bankcenkceshela umhlaba ngegazi labo, baza batyala iintloko, izandla neentliziyo ezinqunyuliweyo emhlabeni, nto leyo uthixokazi wancamathela kuyo. kwi necklace yakhe.
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