UGautama Buddha wavakalisa ukuba izithixo ezingokwesithethe zazingekho kubomi basemva kokufa, oku njengembono yenkululeko, ekubeni ubuBhuda lulunqulo olungenaThixo yaye ngoko ke kufumanisa ukuba ngoobani aba oothixo bobuddhism Ikuvumela ukuba ube nolwazi olubanzi malunga nalo mkhuba kwaye kweli nqaku siya kukufundisa lona.
oothixo bobuddhism
I-pantheon yoothixo boBuddhism imelwe ngabantu abahlukeneyo abangcwele abanikwa iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo, iifom kunye nemvelaphi. Ezi zithixo zeBuddhism, kunye ne-buddhas kunye ne-bodhisattvas, zihlala zikhona njengezithixo kwiindawo ze-6 zobomi kunye namawaka emijikelezo yehlabathi. Enyanisweni, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yezithixo zamaBhuda yayiyilwe ukuze kunqulwe oothixo bobuBhuda, amaBhuda, nee<em>bodhisattva ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwizithixo zamaBhuda.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zobuthixo ezihlala kumanqanaba aphezulu nangaphantsi kwendawo yomntu. Abona banamandla ngoothixo bobuBhuda abachongwa njengeedevas neebrahmas; kunye nezinye izithixo ezifana ne-nagas, i-kinnaras kunye ne-garudas ezinokufumaneka kummandla womntu; Ekugqibeleni, izithixo zamaBuddha (i-Dharmapala) zihlala kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kodwa nasesihogweni.
Iinkcazo zezithixo zobuBhuda
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zoothixo ezihlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi labantu ngokwale nkqubo yenkolo, kwaye ngezantsi sichaza nganye yazo:
- Devas kunye Brahmas: bangabantu abongamileyo abaphakathi kwamazulu amahlanu okuqala akhiwe ngokwemigangatho engaphezulu kobukumkani babantu; aba banamandla okuzibonakalisa kwizinto eziphathekayo okanye ezingabonakaliyo.
- IiNaga: zizinto ezingcwele ezibonakala ngemo yenyoka okanye inkangeleko yomntu. Iingxelo zolu nqulo zibonisa ukuba eyona naga “Mara” idume kakubi yamlinga uBuddha ngoxa wayecamngca phantsi komthi we<em>bodhi ecaleni kokhanyiselo; IiNagas zinxulunyaniswa nemizimba yamanzi efana namachibi nemilambo.
- kinnaras: zizidalwa zasentsomini isiqingatha somntu nesiqingatha sentaka, ezi zisuka kwiiHimalaya ukuze zincede abantu ngamaxesha anzima; Ngokuqhelekileyo, bakwimeko engapheliyo yolonwabo, ngoko kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba basoloko bedanisa yaye becula.
- garudas: i-garudas ziintaka ezinkulu ezinobutshaba obuthile kunye ne-nagas, yiyo loo nto zihlala zimelwe zibambe inyoka kwizipho zazo; ezi zineempawu ezilinganiselweyo ezifana nothixo yaye ezinye zinokuthabatha imo yomntu ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- dharmapala: Eli ligama lesiSanskrit eliguqulela ngokuthe ngqo njenge "Guardian of the Dharma". Ezi zithixo zoyikekayo zamaBhuda zingabakhuseli boBuddhism, kunye nabatshabalalisi bemiqobo ekuphunyezweni kokomoya; noko ke, inkangeleko yakhe eyoyikekayo iphikisana neenjongo zakhe zovelwano.
Nangona benamandla kakhulu, oothixo bobuBhuda abakayiphumezi inzaliseko yosukelo lokugqibela oluthi: iNirvana. Ngaloo ndlela, oothixo bobuBhuda bongamile kunabantu, kodwa abangoBuddha.
Amatye anqabileyo amathathu asetyenziswa ngoothixo bobuBhuda
Nangona kukho iiyantlukwano kwiindidi zobuBhuda, kusoloko kukho amatye embombo afanayo amathathu abizwa ngokuba ngaMatye Anqabileyo Amathathu. Aba nguBuddha, iDharma, eyimfundiso kaBuddha, kunye neSangha, eluluntu olulandela imfundiso.
Ngoko xa umntu esamkela ifilosofi kaBhuda kwaye efuna ukuyenza inxalenye yobomi bakhe, indlela yendabuko ithi "Ndisabela kuBuddha, ndibalekela eDharma, ndibalekela eSangha." I-Dharma yimfundiso kaBuddha esekelwe kwiiNyaniso ezine eziPhezulu kwaye oku kufanekiselwa yivili; kwaye ekuqaleni iSangha yayiluluntu lweemonki kwaye kamva oku kuya kubandakanya bonke abo balandela indlela yamaBhuda.
- Ilitye lokuqala nguBuddhaUkusabela kuBuddha akuzifihlanga kukhuseleko lomntu onamandla, ukubalekela kule meko kufana nokufudukela kwimbono entsha, ukuqonda okutsha okunokwenzeka ngaphakathi kwethu sonke. Ngokusabela kuBuddha, sizilungelelanisa nokukwazi ukuba nguBuddha ngokwethu, ukufuna amandla okuphaphama koko uBuddha wajamelana nako; le jewel ixabisekileyo isikhumbuza ukuba sifumane eyethu indalo kaBuddha.
- Ilitye lesibini yiDharma, yindlela efuna imfundiso kaBuddha neya kuthi ekugqibeleni ikhokelele ekuvukeni. Ngoko i-Dharma isifundisa imfesane thina kunye nabanye ngokuqonda iiNyaniso ezine eziNgqwesileyo kwaye zisikhokelela ekubeni sizikhulule ekoyikeni nasekungazini; le ndlela ibandakanya ukwamkela imfundiso kaBuddha kunye nokusebenzisa oko kuqonda kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
- Ilitye lesithathu yiSangha, equka abo bahlanganisana ngokwamaqela abo nabuphi na ubungakanani ukuze bafundisise, baxubushe, bacamngce benomnqweno wokunceda baze bancedwe lelo qela. U-Buddha wabona ukuba intsebenziswano nabanye endleleni ibalulekile kulo mkhwa, kwaye waphawula ukuba oku kubalulekile kwiimonki ezimiselweyo kwakunye nezo zikuluntu ngokubanzi.
Kwimfundiso yantlandlolo nakwimibutho yeTheravada yangoku, iSangha ibhekisa kuphela kwiimonki, oonongendi kunye nabanye ootitshala abamiselweyo. Ingcamango ye-Sangha ichazwa ngokubanzi kumaqela amaninzi aseMahayana naseNtshona ukubandakanya bonke abo bamkela iDharma njengoluntu.
Imithetho emi-5 yeBuddhism
Kanye njengokuba amatye anqabileyo amathathu enza isakhelo esilula sokusasazwa kwentanda-bulumko kaBhuda, le migaqo mihlanu zizikhokelo zokuziphatha eziyimfuneko kubalandeli befilosofi. Le migaqo mihlanu ayiloqela elipheleleyo lemithetho engqongqo, kodwa kunoko ibonelela ngesiseko esisebenzayo sobomi obulungileyo nobunokuziphatha obuya kuvelisa indawo elungileyo yokufuna iinyaniso zethu, zezi:
- Musa ukubulala ngabom izidalwa eziphilayos: Sinyathela iimbovane yonke imihla, kwaye oku asikokungakhathali ngenene, kwaye ndiyathandabuza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuphepha ukubetha iphela lilibale, nangona kunjalo, ukubulawa ngabom kwabanye abantu kunye nokubulawa ngokungenangqondo kwezilwanyana ngokudlala ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. ezinqwenelekayo kumaBhuda. Injongo ephambili yalo myalelo kukuphuhlisa inkxalabo ngokhuseleko kunye nentlalo-ntle yabanye nokuba nemfesane kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo.
- Thabatha kuphela oko ukunikiweyo: oku kubanzi kunokungebi njengoko kuthetha ukubuyisela izinto ezibolekiweyo kunye nokungathathi inzuzo engafanelekanga naxa zisekwimithetho yelizwe; oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uphuhlise umoya wokudlala ngokufanelekileyo kunye nesisa kwabanye.
- Ukuziphatha okungafanelekanga ngokwesondo, kodwa kunokutolikwa njengokungaxhatshaziyo izivamvo: Njengeyona mpembelelo inamandla emva kwethuku lokusinda, inkanuko yesini iya kulawula ubomi bethu kwaye ibangele ukubandezeleka okukhulu ngaphandle kokuba ilathiswe ngobulumko nangobuchule. Ukuphila ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye ngokukodwa ukutya ngokugqithiseleyo, kubangela intlungu; ngoko lo myalelo usikhuthaza ukuba saneliseke bubomi obulula.
- musa ukuthetha ubuxoki, makangaxoki, anganyelisi, angathethi kakubi, angahlebi: Oku kusifundisa ukuthetha ngokunyanisekileyo nangobubele nokuba neenjongo ezintle xa sixambulisana.
- ziphephe izinto Inetyhefus: Oku kuquka utywala, iziyobisi ezingeyomfuneko, kunye nezivuseleli ezifana necuba necaffeine; lo myalelo ubalulekile ekuphuhliseni ingcamango enengqiqo kwaye iya kuvumela ukuphuhliswa kokucaca kwangaphakathi okuyimfuneko kwingqondo.
Njengamaxesha onke, uBuddha wayenovelwano kunye nepragmatic, encoma kunokuba agxininise ngokungqongqo ukuba le migaqo emihlanu yayibalulekile. Kodwa kukho ingqiqo enkulu kumgaqo ngamnye, yaye ngokuhlala nabo yonke imihla, umendo uya ucaca ukuze unikele ingqalelo kumnqweno wakho wobuqu wokufumana ukuqonda okukhanyiselweyo.
Ngabaphi oothixo bobuBhuda?
Ekuqaleni kwiintsomi zamaBhuda, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kukho izidalwa ezibizwa ngokuba ziiDevas, ezingabantu abazivayo nababandezelekileyo njengoko sibona thina bantu, eneneni banobomi eluvukweni yaye oku kubanika ulwazi nobulumko obungakumbi kunaye nawuphi na umntu.
Ukongeza, zibonakaliswe ikakhulu njengezona zibalulekileyo kwindlela yokuhlangana ngokwenyani kunye nenjongo yefilosofi yobuBuddha. Noko ke, olu tyekelo lutolika ukuba uSiddhartha Gautama (uBuddha) ulukhanyiso lukanaphakade, umqondiso ofumaneka kwindawo yonke kwindalo iphela yaye ngokunxulumene noku ungumfundisi waba thixo bamaBhuda agqwesileyo kubo bonke ngemfundiso nangendlela yokwenza izinto.
Bonke oothixo boBuddhism banokufumaneka ngokulula phantse kuzo zonke iitempile zamaBhuda kunye neemonki, ukongeza kula manani abalulekileyo kuzo zonke izikolo ukuze bachongwe ngokulula, kwaye bahlala bephawulwa ngokweendlela zabo, iisimboli kunye nemvelaphi enikwe zizikumkani ezithandathu zamaBhuda. amawaka emijikelo yehlabathi, apho inkoliso yabo imelwa njengoothixo ngaphantsi komhlaba nangaphezu kwendawo yoluntu; zezi:
Daitoku Myō-ō
Lo thixo unxulunyaniswa nenxalenye yekhadinali yasentshona kwaye abe nguThixo wokhuselo noloyiso, ngoko ke unamandla okulawula iidragons, iinyoka, kunye nokuphelisa ububi ukubuguqula bube bukulunga. Ukubonakala kwakhe kumelelwe ngamathandathu: ubuso, imilenze kunye neengalo eziphethe amakrele kunye nemikhonto, ezisele zifakwe kwinkomo emhlophe.
Fudō Myō-ō
Igqalwa njengothixo ongumlondolozi wonqulo lwamaBhuda ekubhekiselwa kuye imeko yokumkani wobulumko, ekubeni iphakathi koothixo abane abasasazwa phakathi kweengongoma ezine eziyintloko; lo thixo unqulwa ngoBuddhism baseTshayina naseJapan apho bamthiye igama elithi Acalanatha. Ukumelwa kwakhe kubonisa ukuba ebambe ikrele lomlilo esandleni sakhe kwaye esandleni sakhe sasekhohlo intambo apho abophe iidemon aze akhuphe amahlakani akhe, amadangatye alo afanekisela ukuba ulwa nesihogo.
Gōzanze Myō-ō
Umfuziselo walo thixo unxulunyaniswa nobulungisa kunye nomlo ochasene nomsindo, umsindo, kunye nokuba lutshaba lokungenangqondo; lo thixo ukhokela oothixo abakhuselayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uboniswa ngobuso obuthathu obubonisa inkangeleko esongelayo, kwaye ukwanemilenze emibini neengalo ezintandathu eziphethe izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwisandla ngasinye.
Gundari Myō-ō
Unguthixo ongumkhuseli ohlonitshwa kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiVajrayana Buddhism, uchazwa njengekhadinali yasemzantsi, enobuso obuthathu obusoyikisayo, iingalo ezisibhozo ezisebenzisa izixhobo kunye neenyoka entanyeni nasemilenzeni yakhe.
Kongō-Yasha Myō-ō
Ivela kwinkolo yamaShingon yobuBhuda baseJapan, ihlonelwa njengothixo okhuselayo obonisa amandla kunye nempembelelo, uchazwa njengekhadinali yasemntla kwaye idla ngokumelwa ngobuso obuthathu obujongeka isoyikiso kunye neengalo ezintandathu, nakwiminye imifanekiso. umbonise ngobuso obunye neengalo ezine.
Oothixo baseTibetan
Balawulwa yinkokeli yezopolitiko yabo bonke abantu baseTibet ebizwa ngokuba yiDalai Lama, echongwa njengeyona nkokeli iphakamileyo kwizinto zokomoya, kwizikolo ezininzi zezikolo zineendidi ezahlukeneyo kwaye ziyahluka ngokweenkqubo zabo zomoya. Lo mkhuba ukhonya kubo bonke abantu baseMongolia naseTibet, iDalai Lama ngumfundisi-ntsapho okwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu imvelaphi yakhe isuka kwiiHimalaya zaseBuddha.
Iqulethe ukuba nenxaxheba okuxatyiswa kakhulu, kungekuphela nje kwicandelo lonqulo kodwa nakwinkalo yezentlalo nezoqoqosho yaseTibet, egubungela imibandela emininzi engaphakathi kwisikolo ngasinye ukususela oko isibizo sobungcwele bakhe sinikwa umlawuli ngamnye; ngaphakathi kweDalai Lama, kukho ulwazi lwezithethe zokukhusela inxaxheba yakhe njengenkokeli kunye namandla, okuyisithethe kunye nelifa.
Isimboli samaLama sinxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo neyona misinga idumileyo yamaBuddha eNtshona, kwaye ngo-2011 ubukhosi bagqiba ukubonelela ngobunkokeli bokomoya ngokwemvelaphi yabo yenkcubeko.
Samsara
KuBuddhism, i<em>samsara idla ngokuchazwa njengomjikelezo ongunaphakade wokuzalwa, ukufa, nokuvuka; okanye inokuqondwa kwakhona njengehlabathi lokubandezeleka nokunganeliseki ( dukkha ), ngokuchasene ne-nirvana, okuyimeko yokukhululeka ekubandezelekeni kunye nomjikelo wokuzalwa kwakhona.
Ngokwentsingiselo yokoqobo, igama lesiSanskrit elithi samsara lithetha "ukuhamba" okanye "ukudlula"; oku kunokuqondwa ngokulinganayo njengemeko yokubawa, intiyo nokungazi, okanye njengesigqubuthelo senkohliso esifihla ubunyani bokwenyaniso. Kwifilosofi yendabuko yamaBuddha, sonke sinamathele kwi-samsara ebomini emva kobomi de sifumane ukuvuswa ngokukhanyisa.
Nangona kunjalo, inkcazo engcono kakhulu ye-samsara, kunye nenye enombono wanamhlanje, inokuthi ibonelelwe ngumonki waseTheravada kunye nomfundisi uThanissaro Bhikkhu othi:
"Endaweni yendawo, yinkqubo: ukuthambekela kokuqhubeka nokudala ihlabathi kwaye emva koko ungene kuzo." Kwaye khumbula ukuba le ndalo kunye nentshukumo ayenzeki kanye nje, ekuzalweni. Siyenza ngalo lonke ixesha. "
Ke asikho nje ukudala ihlabathi, kodwa siyazidala. Izidalwa zonke ziinkqubo zeziganeko zomzimba nezengqondo. UBhuda wafundisa ukuba oko sikugqala njengobuntu bethu obusisigxina, ukuzingca kwethu, ukuzazi, nobuntu bethu, asinto yokwenene ngokusisiseko; kodwa, ngokuqhubekayo ihlaziya ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zangaphambili kunye nokukhetha.
Ukususela kumzuzwana ukuya kumzuzwana, imizimba yethu, iimvakalelo, iingcamango, iinkolelo kunye neenkolelo, kunye nokuqonda zisebenza kunye ukudala inkohliso "yemi" esisigxina kunye neyohlukileyo. Ngaphaya koko, ubukhulu becala ubunyani bethu “bangaphandle” bubonisa ubunyani bethu “bangaphakathi”; ngoko into esiyithatha njengeyinyani ihlala isenziwa ubukhulu becala ngamava ethu aphantsi komhlaba. Ngandlela ithile, ngamnye wethu uphila kwihlabathi elahlukileyo esilidalayo ngeengcinga zethu kunye nemibono yethu.
Sinokucinga ngokuzalwa ngokutsha, ngoko, njengento eyenzekayo ukusuka kobunye ubomi ukuya kobunye kunye nento eyenzekayo okomzuzwana. KwiBuddhism, ukuzalwa kwakhona okanye ukuphindukuzalwa akukokufuduka komphefumlo womntu kumzimba osandul 'ukuzalwa (njengoko kukholelwa kubuHindu), kodwa kunoko iimeko zekarmic kunye nemiphumo yobomi eqhubela phambili kubomi obutsha. Ngolu hlobo lokuqonda, sinokutolika lo mzekelo ukuba uthetha ukuba "sizalwa ngokutsha" ngokwasengqondweni amaxesha amaninzi ebomini bethu.
Ngokunjalo, sinokucinga ngeeNdawo eziThandathu njengeendawo apho sinokuthi “siphinde sizalwe” nangawuphi na umzuzu. Ngemini enye, singahamba kuzo zonke; Ngolu luvo lwangoku, iindawo ezintandathu zinokucingelwa njengezimo zengqondo. Inqaku elibalulekileyo kukuba ukuhlala kwi-samsara yinkqubo, kwaye yinto sonke esiyenzayo ngoku, kungekhona nje into esiya kuyenza ekuqaleni kobomi bexesha elizayo.
Ummandla wezidalwa eziphantsi komhlaba-Naraka
Isihogo, i-afterlife, i-purgatory okanye i-underworld ibonwe njengeendawo zokukhathazeka, umthwalo, usizi, intlungu, intlungu kunye nokuhlushwa, phakathi kwabanye, kwaye zibekwe kwindawo ephantsi kunazo zonke zehlabathi. Kodwa kumaBhuda ahluke ngokupheleleyo, yindawo apho abahlali bengengabo amabanjwa, kodwa badlula kumava amakhulu ukuze balahle i-karma engathandekiyo abaye bahlala kuyo ubomi babo bonke, ngoko ukuhamba kule nto yinto nje yexeshana. apho xa uvavanyo luphelile ungashiya le ndawo.
Indawo yeMimoya okanye iGhosts - Preta
Kwinkcubeko yamaBhuda kukho lo mmandla ubhalwe njenge "consumerism", apho izidalwa kunye nezidalwa zihlala kwinkxwaleko epheleleyo, ubukhulu becala zizingca, zibawa kwaye zilusizi ngokusisiseko ngokupheleleyo, ngokusekwe kwiminqweno kunye neminqweno engenakuze yanelise.
Ezi zidalwa azikuthandi ukutya ukutya, kwaye nangona zisitya rhoqo ziziva zinganelisekanga kwaye zigcina umnqweno wokutya, kwimiboniso yobugcisa zizotywa njengezidalwa ezineentamo ezinde, ezibhityileyo kwaye eziluthuthu kakhulu, ezibonisa imeko yobutyebi njengemimoya elambileyo. .
Ubukumkani bezilwanyana - iTiryak-Yoni
Njengoko igama labo libonisa, obu bukumkani buhlala zizidalwa kunye nezidalwa eziphilayo ezingengomntu, kodwa zizilwanyana ezihlambulukileyo, ezicacileyo kwaye ezingenangqondo, ezenza kuphela ngokuqaphela oko zikwenzayo, kodwa aziyiva into yokuba umzamo wabo. luncedo nakubani na, bahlala besiya phambili ukuze bafumane oko bakufunayo.
Ubukumkani babantu - uManusya
Yeyona ndawo yengqondo ibaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abantu abaqhelisela inkcubeko yamaBhuda, kuba kulo mmandla iziseko zothando, uthando kunye nokukhangela izinto ezilungileyo zidalwe, apho ibhalwe njengenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo ngamandla kunye namathuba ayo. ukuphuhlisa ngokwasengqondweni, kodwa ngaphaya koko kubalulekile ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba iinkumbulo ezixabisekileyo ziveliswa koku, ingakumbi ezo zisebukumkanini bezithixo.
Ummandla wezithixo - iDevas
Kobu bukumkani kuhlala oothixo okanye oothixo abafayo, yindawo ethandwa ngokupheleleyo yovuyo nolonwabo apho ikratshi lobuqu lilawula, kananjalo ngaphakathi kweempawu zale ndawo kukho amandla namandla, ngokungathi ngoothixo okanye izithixo zasentsomini; kodwa nangona ezi zidalwa zingoothixo, azinawo amandla okanye amandla okuba ngabadali abaphezulu okanye abangcwele ngenxa yeempawu zabo zasemhlabeni.
Ukongeza, phakathi kweempawu zabo eziphambili unokufumana ithemba, uloyiso olunqwenelekayo kunye ne-ego, kunye nabo bafumana impumelelo ngokulula apho bathe bafunyanwa baqhubeka benomtsalane, kungenjalo baya kuba ngabantu abangaphelelanga njenge-preta.
Indawo yeeDemigods - Asuras
Obu bukumkani bulawulwa ziingxabano zomkhosi kunye nekhwele eliveliswa phakathi kwamagorha; abo bahlala kobu bukumkani banobomi obonwabisayo, kodwa bayabamonela abo bahlala ebukumkanini beDeva ngokuzikholelwa ukuba bangaphantsi kwabo, njengokuba abantu bejonga izilwanyana eTiryak-Yoni, apho iikarma zibonakaliswa njengeprojekthi. uvuko olufana nesamsara.
uthixokazi okhuselayo
Ezi zithixo zithandwa ngemvakalelo yazo yokuzikhusela kwabo bazicelayo, zibizwa ngokuba ziiTārā, kwaye zinxulunyaniswa ngokuthe ngqo neTantric Buddhism apho zigqalwa njengonina wenkululeko, ezineempawu ezinjengenceba, ubuntu, impumelelo emsebenzini nakwiihambo.
Kugxininiswa ukuba esi simntwiso sobuthixo yinkosazana ezele bubulumko enconywa kakhulu nethandwayo, bambi babonisa ukuba lo thixokazi wamaBhuda nguMariya Onyulu ohlonelwayo lunqulo lwamaKatolika; KumaBhuda, aba thixokazi bafundisa kwaye bakhokele abanye, ngoko bagqalwa njengabaluncedo kakhulu kunye nentsebenziswano ekuqheliseleni le nkcubeko.
Abanye oothixokazi bobuBhuda
Ukuze ube nolwazi oluphangaleleyo malunga nabanye oothixokazi abanempembelelo kwinkcubeko yeBuddhism, ngezantsi uya kuboniswa ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo, ezi zezi:
ekajati
Ungummeli wobulumko, ukongeza ekubeni ngumxhasi wokulungileyo ophumelela ebubini; Bamfanisa ngokubonisa iqhina kwizinwele zakhe ezimnyama, isifuba kunye neliso elijikelezwe ngamadangatye omlilo amele uloyiso lwakhe olupheleleyo.
ITara eluhlaza
Ungumlingane wokuqala ongumBuddha eTibet Songtsen Gampo, owaphakama ukuze anike iimfundiso ezinkulu kunye neendlela; Lo buthixo umele ukukhuselwa kwingozi kunye nobubi, uhlala ephelisa yonke into ngendlela engathandekiyo kumntu, kuba nabani na omcelayo ngokholo nokuzinikela, endaweni yoko unika inceba kunye nokuphilisa.
kurukula
Lo thixokazi udweliswe njengoxanduva lomanyano lwezibini; Ukongeza, uyacelwa kwaye ahlonitshwe xa ufuna ukufezekisa amandla, ukhuseleko kunye nendaleko. Lo thixokazi udla ngokumelwa ngombala obomvu eluswini lwakhe, iingalo ezine ziphethe iarch yeentyatyambo, yaye ecaleni kwakhe kukho umsesane oluhlaza okhuselayo agxotha ngawo imimoya engendawo nezithixo eziyingozi.
Machining Landrop
Wayengumlandeli wokuqala kaChod Mahamudra, ungumfazi onobuntu obuqinileyo nokuzimisela kwezenkolo, kwaye lo mfazi ngumama kaBuddha weZidala eziThathu.
Norgyuma, Yellow Tara
Lo thixokazi mhle unokunika ubutyebi, intabalala, impumelelo kunye nobutyebi kuzo zonke iinkalo zombini ngokwasemoyeni nasenyameni; ngokunjalo nokuchuma kwecosmos kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zehlabathi, ngengqondo nangentliziyo.
eMandarawa
Lo thixokazi wamkelwa njengoDakini wemfundiso yobuBhuda baseIndiya, ngokuba ngomnye wamaqabane kaPadmasambhava, waba ngumcebisi woothixo bobuBhuda.
UMarici
Ngokuqhelekileyo, icelwa ngamakholwa athembekileyo ahamba rhoqo; Lo thixo ubonisa ukuqala kwendalo, ukongezelela ekushenxiseni nawuphi na umqobo. Bamfanisa neentloko ezintathu (enye ebomvu, enye emhlophe nenye tyheli), uneengalo ezisibhozo eziphethe izixhobo kunye nezinto ezikhuselayo ezinjengeentambo nemikhonto, umzimba wakhe wonke uhamba etroneni etsalwa ziihagu ezisixhenxe.
Salgye Du Dalma
Xa sisenza i-yoga, ukucamngca okanye sifuna ukulala kwakhona kunye nobunzulu, lo thixokazi uyacelwa ukuba akhusele ubuthongo obungcwele ebusuku, ngale ndlela ukuzola okufunekayo kuyafezekiswa.
samanthabhadri
Unguthixokazi ofuzisela isithuba, isiqalo somsulwa njengombala omhlophe, kungoko eboniswa eze ngokupheleleyo njengomfuziselo wokusulungekiswa; kwaye kwinkcubeko yamaBhuda waziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "wonke umfazi olungileyo".
tara emhlophe
Lo thixokazi uhleli kwisimo sokucamngca apho olunye lweenyawo zakhe luphumle kwintyatyambo encinane yelotus, iliso lakhe elinovelwano livulekile, kwaneentende zezandla zakhe ezimbini; Ukubaluleka kolu melo kubonisa ukukhuselwa kunye nokukhusela amahlwempu, nokunika izipho ezinjengokhuseleko lweemvakalelo, uxolelo nenceba.
Uthixokazi uPalden Lhamo
Ukuphela kothixokazi onqulwa ziimonki zaseTibet, ekubeni egqalwa njengengcwele engumxhasi weLhasa kunye neDalai Lama, ulusu lwakhe lumnyama noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lunamashiya namadevu akhanyiswe ngamadangatye, kwesinye sezandla zakhe uphethe indebe enenxalenye. yengqondo yonyana wakhe (njengesenzo sokulalana awasenzayo), uzifumana engqongwe ziintambo ezenziwe ngeentloko kunye nelanga eliqaqambileyo nelikhazimulayo liboniswe kwinkaba yakhe.
Uthixokazi uTsongkhapa
Kulula ukuqaphela kunye nokwahlula lo thixokazi phakathi kwabanye benkcubeko yamaBhuda, ngenxa yeempawu zakhe ezimthubi ezigcinelwe iGelugpa, izandla zakhe zikwindawo yevili elijikelezayo lemfundiso kunye nekrele ecaleni lakhe elibonisa ubulumko kunye incwadi yentyatyambo yelotus; lo thixokazi ubhalwe ngokunzulu njengomntu okwiTibetan Buddhism.
Uthixokazi Vajrapani
Ungomnye wezithixo ezithathu phakathi koothixo boBuddhism abakhusela i-Master Buddha, unguthixokazi wamandla. Kwisimntwiso sakhe, ngokuqhelekileyo uthwala isithsaba kunye nempahla egqunywe ngesikhumba sengwe, esandleni sakhe sokunene une-vajra yaseTibet (uhlobo oluthile lwentsimbi) kwaye kwelinye icala i-lasso ayibophe ngayo kwaye ibambe bonke abachasi. Inkcubeko yamaBhuda nayo ingqongwe ngamadangatye njengophawu lwamandla ayo phezu kobubi.
Kwan Yin Uthixokazi weNceba
Lo thixokazi uhlonitshwa kakhulu ngokuba yinguqulelo yabasetyhini kaBuddha phakathi koothixo bobuBhuda, ngoko ungoyena mfazi ungcwele elunqulweni. Umela inceba nenceba, kunye nokuzala, yingakho ethathwa njengonina wabo bonke kwaye njengomfazi nomama, ungumkhuseli wabo bonke abafazi nabantwana. Amakholwa amaninzi kunye nabasebenzi bayangqina ukuba kukuzalwa ngokutsha kweNtombi Enyulu uMariya kwiCatholic, kwaloo makholwa athi ayizange ingene ezulwini, kuba ayinakubakhulula bonke abantu kwiimbandezelo zabo.
amawaka eengalo
Lo thixokazi unqulwa kwimimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo enamagama ahlukeneyo kwaye usetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, ngokomzekelo, eIran naseJapan unqulwa ngegama likaKannon kwaye umele ukuhlonela uThixo, ngoxa kwiindawo ezingcwele zaseTaiwan kufuneka abekwe ngaphandle kwentlonipho. isibingelelo esikhulu, eTshayina, eTibet, kuMntla-ntshona kunye nakuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia ungomnye wezithixokazi ezibalulekileyo neziphambili kolu qheliselo lwenkolo.
Into edibanisa yonke imiboniso yayo yimbonakaliso yenceba, ukuxolelwa kunye novelwano, lo buthixo unoxanduva lokuguqulwa kwe-Shakyamuni kunye ne-Maitreya Buddhas, kwizikolo zamaBhuda bayayigcina kuzo zonke iimfundiso zabo zombini ekuqeqesheni nasekuqhubeni imisebenzi. ezikhokelela elusindisweni ngoncedo lwakhe, ekhumbula ukuba uBuddha ungumntu ofana naye nabani na yaye ngaloo ndlela nabo banethuba lokuzuza i<em>nirvana.
esoteric
Lo thixokazi uyacengwa xa kungekho nzolo, ngoko kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukumfumana kuyo nayiphi na ingcwele yamaBhuda nakuso nasiphi na isibingelelo sasekhaya. Uboniswa njengomfuziselo womfazi oqhelekileyo, onxibe isithsaba esimilo kaBuddha yaye ephethe izinto ezikhuselayo, iintyatyambo zelotus, namasebe omngcunuza ezingalweni zakhe.
Buddha elephant oothixo
Kukho inkolelo enkulu kunye nentlonipho kwiindlovu kwinkcubeko yamaBhuda; ke ezi zilwanyana zingcwele zifuzisela ukomelela, amandla kunye nokugqwesa. Kukholelwa ukuba zazingookhokho xa umhlaba wawuvela ngenxa yokukhula kwawo, imizimba yawo imela umhlaba yaye imilenze yawo emine eyomeleleyo nenamandla ifuzisela izinto ezine ezithwala ubunzima bendalo yonke; Ngokufanayo, ubuBhuda bugxininisa ukuba iindlovu zingokomoya kuphela, ngoko zisisiseko sokukhanya.
Inkolelo yamaHindu ithi isithixo esinentloko yendlovu emangalisayo uGanesha wazalwa emva kwentlekele enkulu yehlabathi, wakhulelwa umntwana wakhe wokuqala waza wamthambisa ngobisi olungcwele lwendlovu ngentlama yesandalwood ukuze akhe abanye abantwana bakhe.
Iinkolelo malunga neendlovu zamaBhuda
Emva koko, iinkolelo kunye nezibongozo ezisetyenziswa ngamakholwa kunye nabathembekileyo kwiBuddhism malunga nendlovu zikhankanyiwe:
- Umzobo weendlovu, zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela kunye nenhlanhla kumashishini kunye namakhaya.
- Abafundi banokucela ukukhuselwa, uncedo kunye nokukhanya ngexesha lokubonisa iimviwo kunye novavanyo.
- Indlovu luphawu olugqibeleleyo lwe-symbiosis okanye utshintshiselwano lwamandla.
- Esi silwanyana sizisa ukhuseleko, impumelelo kunye nokuqiniseka kuyo yonke into ofuna ukuyenza.
Lo thixo ubaluleke kakhulu, ngoko ngexesha lesikhumbuzo sakhe kubanjwa imibhiyozo emikhulu enika intabalala yokutya, iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo njengembeko kulo Thixo. Kwesi siko, ukutya kudla ngokutyiwa ngobuninzi kwaye inxalenye yako ithathwa isiwe kunxweme lolwandle i-Indian Ocean ukuze kuhanjiswe elwandle.
Ngokutsho koBuddhism baseIndiya, ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-500 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu, uKumkanikazi uMaya wafumana isihlabo kwiindlovu ezimhlophe, yaye emva kweenyanga ezisithoba zokukhulelwa wazala indoda eyayiza kuba ngumlawuli omkhulu, umkhuseli othembekileyo wabo bonke abantu.
Wazala ngaloo ndlela ke uSiddhartha Gautama (uBuddha), kanye njengokuba izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zikakumkani zaxela kwangaphambili, ezathi kwakuza kuzalwa indoda eyayiza kuba ngumlawuli womhlaba nomkhuseli wabantu. Enyanisweni, ngumbulelo kweli bali ukuba iindlovu zihlonishwa kwaye zingcwele kwinkcubeko yamaBuddha.
Oothixo abakhulu beBuddhism
Kweli candelo lenqaku siza kukubonisa ngendlela elula ezinye iiBuddha apho iimpawu ezahlukeneyo, amanani kunye nezikumkani zibalelwa kuzo:
UShakyamuni Buddha
UBuddha wokuqala kunye nembali, owayephila malunga ne-600 BC, uthathwa njengomseki oyintloko wenkolo yamaBhuda, uhlala emelwe ngeenwele eziluhlaza ngenxa ye-aura emngqongileyo ngamaxesha onke, uhleli kwisimo sokucamngca kwaye unomzimba. isitya sokungqiba esibambe ngesandla sakhe sasekhohlo, ngelixa esinye isandla sakhe sihleli emhlabeni sibiza umhlaba ukuba unikele ubungqina. Lo Buddha ucinga ukuba ihlabathi kunye / okanye umhlaba kufuneka usebenze njengobungqina kwindlela yakhe yokukhanya engapheliyo phakathi koothixo boBuddhism.
UMaitreya Buddha
Uchasene ngokupheleleyo noBuddha wangaphambili kuba umele uBuddha wexesha elizayo, unguBuddha wokugqibela wasemhlabeni wexesha lesine nelangoku, uqeqeshwe njengomfundisi omkhulu kwaye kufanele ukuba ulawula ukukhokelela uluntu kwiBuddhism. . Kummeli wakhe unendawo yokuhlala eneenyawo zombini emhlabeni, kuba ngale ndlela unokuma aze ahlale ngaxeshanye, ebonisa oko kuza kwenzeka, ukwanxibe isithsaba seentyatyambo eziphotheneyo, kunye nomqondiso wesandla obonisa oko kuza kwenzeka. I-Dharmachakra ekuBuddhism ithetha ukufundisa.
Avalokiteshvara Buddha
Kuyamangalisa ukubona lo Buddha, njengoko iintloko zakhe ezilishumi elinanye kunye neengalo eziliwaka zizodwa zimenza angafani nabanye ooBhuda; oku kubonisa uvelwano, njengoko egqalwa njengengcwele engumxhasi wamaTibet. Unguthixo wokukhanya, yaye uphawu lwakhe oluyintloko kukuba ungcwele kangangokuba akazange aye eNirvana ukuze ancede abaxhwalekileyo aze abasindise. Okwangoku kukho ngaphezu kwekhulu elinesibhozo (108) umboniso walo Buddha uThixo Avalokiteshvara, kodwa zonke zibe nesithsaba esibekwe kubuso bokugqibela obuphezulu, obuphezulu, obunika udumo olukhulu.
Manjushri Buddha
Wamkelwa ngokupheleleyo njengoBuddha wobulumko noncwadi lwamaBhuda, oko kuthetha uphawu olukhulu kubafundi abakholwayo bobuBhuda neemonki, ngabo abadla ngokuthandaza nokumnqula ukuze abaphe izipho zolwazi nobulumko. Ekumeleleni kwakhe, ngokuqhelekileyo uphethe isicatshulwa okanye incwadi malunga nentyatyambo encinci ye-lotus kunye nekrele elinqumla izibonakaliso ezingenangqondo zolwazi lwenkcubeko; Ngokuqhelekileyo, ucelwa ukuba anike inkumbulo, ulwazi, ukuzola, kunye namandla amakhulu okutolika koncwadi.
mahakala Buddha
Ungomnye wabakhuseli bale nkcubeko yamaBhuda, lo Thixo woBuddhism ubhekiselele kwiziporho, iidemon kunye nemibutho eyongezelelekileyo eguqulwe yaba yiBuddhism, uyaziwa ngokuba ngumntu ocaphuka kunye nobukhulu bemifanekiso yakhe eqingqiweyo.
I-Mahakala Buddha inokufumaneka kwimiboniso emileyo, inamehlo amathathu kwaye esandleni sakhe sokunene iphethe imela ye-vajra ephelisa ngayo ukuziphatha kakubi kunye nemikhwa emibi, kwisandla sakhe sasekhohlo uphethe indebe efana nekhakhayi, ezandleni zakhe zangasemva. uphethe umnqwazi oneekona ezintathu kunye nesele, unxibe ngesikhumba sengwe kwaye isithsaba sakhe senziwe ngamakhakhayi amahlanu afuzisela inzondo, ukuhaha, ukungazi kunye nomona, apho enza iipotions ukuphelisa le mvakalelo imbi.
Padmasambhava Buddha
Ukuzalwa kwayo kunye nemvelaphi yayo yayiyintyatyambo yelotus, inokufumaneka phantsi kwegama likaGuru Rinpoche kwaye yayinoxanduva lokuseka ubuBhuda beTibetan obubambekayo. Njengomsebenzi ophambili uthwele umnqwazi ovuthuza indlebe, unentshebe, esandleni sakhe sasekunene uphethe ucingo olufuzisela idayimani, ngelixa esandleni sakhe sasekhohlo unentonga yomlingo enentonga emithathu kwincam evutha amadangatye. .
uBuddha palden lhamo
Uhluke ekubeni ngumfazi kuphela onolawulo olukhulu phakathi kwabo bonke oothixo baseBuddhism, ungumgcini kunye nomgcini wezinto zonke zenkcubeko, ubonwa njengomkhuseli wenkolo ogqoke izigqoko eziphuzi, ngakumbi kwisikolo saseGelugpa saseTibetan. UbuBhuda . Lo mfanekiso uboniswa ukhwele imeyile kulwandle lwegazi, ujikelezwe ziintambo ezityheli ezineentloko ezilishumi elinesihlanu ezihlukeneyo, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomnyama, zibonisa amabele ajingayo, esandleni sakhe inendebe eyenziwe ngekhakhayi, iindevu zayo namashiya avutha ngumlilo.
Tsongkhapa Buddha
Ukwangumntu obhalwe ngokwembali, okumenza umseki wesikolo sokugqibela kwezine eziphambili zeBuddhism yaseTibetan: iGelug. I-Tsongkhapa ilula kakhulu ukuyiqonda: unxibe umnqwazi omthubi ogcinelwe i-Gelugpa, izandla zakhe zenza isenzo se-Dharmachakra-Mudra (Isondo elijikelezayo leMfundiso), kwaye kwicala lakhe lasekunene nasekhohlo sinokufumana, ngokulandelanayo, ikrele. (umfuziselo wobulumko) kunye nencwadi exhaswa ziintyatyambo ezimbini zelotus.
Vajrapani Buddha
Ingamandla okugqibela ale nkcubeko yamandulo kunye nehlabathi eyaziwayo, efunyenwe kunye noothixo baseBuddhism: Avalokiteshvara, onovelwano, kunye noManjushri, onobulumko; ezi zintathu ziiyunithi ezikhuselayo ezikhusela uSiddhartha Gautama (uBuddha), ukumelwa kwakhe kujikelezwe ngumlilo kwaye kufanekisela abalinganiswa beDharampal.
Lo Buddha uthwele isithsaba kwaye unxibe ulusu lwengwe azigqume ngalo, esandleni sakhe sasekunene uphethe ucingo kwaye esandleni sakhe sasekhohlo isaphetha esikhulu sokubamba zonke iintshaba kunye nabo bachasayo le mfundiso yonqulo, beyila oothixo bobuBhuda.
Indlela yokuthandaza kwizithixo zobuBuddha?
Imimangaliso yamaBhuda inokwenzeka ngakumbi xa umntu ozinikeleyo ephila ubomi obulungileyo. Ngenxa yoko, amaBhuda alandela imimiselo edibene nomthandazo, enze izenzo zesisa kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokucamngca, eqwalasela le migaqo emihlanu yamaBhuda ekhankanywe ngasentla.
Kwakhona, uninzi loothixo bobuBhuda banemantra abathi abo bazinikeleyo bayicengceleze ukuze bazuze inkoliseko yabo, kokukhona ukucengcelezwa kokukhona kungcono. Abaninzi abazinikeleyo benza iminikelo esibingelelweni sothixo, njengokutya.
Imantras
Imantra ligama, ilungu, ibinzana, okanye isivakalisi esifutshane esithethwa kube kanye okanye siculwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo (ngokuvakalayo okanye entloko yomntu) kwaye kukholelwa ukuba sinempembelelo enkulu ngokomoya emntwini. I-mantra eyaziwayo yi-Avalokiteshvara mantra: om mani padme hum. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa kuthetha ukuthi "Khangela! Ilitye elinqabileyo kwilotus!”, kodwa le nguqulelo ayiloncedo kangako, ekubeni eli binzana alinakuguqulelwa ngokwenene ngenxa yobutyebi bentsingiselo nomfuziselo eliqulethwe.
Kuqhelekile ukusebenzisa amaso omthandazo ukuphawula inani lokuphindaphindwa kwe-mantra. Iimantras zinokuboniswa kwivili lomthandazo kwaye ziphindaphindwe ngokujika ivili, okanye zibhalwe kwiflegi yomthandazo, kwimeko apho umthandazo uphindaphindwa rhoqo xa iflegi ishukuma emoyeni.
Amavili omthandazo anokuba zizinto ezincinci eziphathwa ngumBhuda, okanye izinto ezinkulu ezifikelela kwiimitha ezilithoba ubude ezifumaneka kwiimonki; Ezi zixhobo zomthandazo wenyama zixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo zamaBhuda aseTibet.
Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yoothixo bobuBhuda
Kwabazinikeleyo, umfanekiso wesithixo samaBuddha ubalulekile ngendlela ethile, njengomfanekiso oqingqiweyo okanye umzobo; ngoko ukuba nemizobo ebonakalayo yoothixo bamaBhuda enoba kusendlwini, kwigumbi lokucamngca, okanye esibingelelweni kuya kwandisa impumelelo yolo qheliselo. Oku kungenxa yokuba izinto ezintle ezifanekiselwa yimifanekiso eqingqiweyo yoothixo bamaBhuda zinokuphembelela izenzo zomntu zexesha elizayo zokuphucula nokunceda ukucoca ikarma.
Inyaniso enomdla malunga noothixo boBuddhism
Yintoni abantu abaninzi abacinga ukuba oothixo boBuddhism abayi "oothixo boBuddhism" ngokwenene (i-devas okanye i-brahmas). Enyanisweni, ezinye ii-bodhisattvas zihlonitshwa kakhulu ngabazinikeleyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-bodhisattvas ephezulu efana ne-Avalokiteshvara ithathe izibhambathiso ezinovelwano zokuhlala kumjikelezo we-samsara kunye nokunceda ubomi obunengqondo.
Umzekelo ophakamileyo uya kuba nguDalai Lama, okholelwa ngamaBuddha aseTibetan ukuba abe ngumzimba we-Avalokitesvara. Ngenxa yoko, ngokuqinisekileyo uye wazuza iwonga lobuthixo, ukanti uDalai Lama akangothixo wamaBhuda ingenguye noBhuda. Enyanisweni, izibakala ezibalulekileyo zoothixo bamaBhuda zityhila igama lokwenyaniso lothixo wamaBhuda: Ukhanyiselo.
Ngaphaya koko, kwezona zikolo zinenkqubela phambili zamaBhuda, iiBuddha neeBodhisattvas zizaliswe ngamandla akhethekileyo njengoothixo. I-incarnation eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Sambhogakaya" ivumela iiBuddha kunye neeBodhisattvas ukuba zivele nanini na, nantoni na, naphi na. Le Sambhogakaya incarnation inokuba noxolo, isiqingatha-ingqumbo, okanye ingqumbo; iimpawu zalo mzimba womzimba zibangela ukuba uBuddha okanye i-bodhisattva anyange ukugula, ahlambulule ikarma, aze andise ubomi.
Noko ke, la magunya aya kugqalwa njengempikiswano ngamaBhuda abambelele kwisithethe; enyanisweni, izikolo zamaBhuda ezinenkqubela ziye zaphambuka koko uBuddha wayekufundisa ngokwenene.
Oothixo bobuBhuda banobuthathaka bomntu
Oothixo boBuddhism (i-devas kunye ne-brahmas) kunye nee-bodhisattvas zisekho kumjikelo wokuzalwa ngokutsha owaziwa ngokuba yi-samsara. Ngenxa yoko, izithixo nezithixo zamaBhuda zinobuthathaka obufanayo nobobantu, obunjengomnqweno wesini, amampunge neemvakalelo; UBuddha, oye wayisusa yonke imizila yobu buthathaka behlabathi, ulawula ewongamileyo.
Kwakhona, izithixo nezithixo zobuBhuda zisenokuzalwa ngokutsha kummandla woluntu. Ukuba kunjalo, bekuya kufuneka baqale phantsi baze baziqwebele ukufaneleka ngokwaneleyo ukuze babuyele kummandla wasezulwini; nangona kunjalo, uBuddha opheleleyo uye wadlula umjikelo wokuzalwa kwakhona.
Imvelaphi yezakwalizwi yoothixo boBuddhism
Iinguqulelo ezintathu eziphambili zobuBhuda yiTheravada, iMahayana, neVajrayāna (ubuBhuda baseTibet). Ukongeza, iinkolelo kunye nezenzo zehlelo ngalinye zisuka kwi-conservative kakhulu ukuya kwinkqubela phambili kakhulu; nangona kunjalo, kwanawona maBhuda aseTheravada abambelele kwisithethe kufuneka avume ukuba kukho oothixo bobuBhuda (idevas neebrahmas).
Enyanisweni, unina kaBuddha wenyukela kummandla wasezulwini waseTusita emva kokufa kwakhe. Ukongeza, amawaka eedevas kunye neebrahmas aye kwintshumayelo yokuqala kaBuddha xa wabeka "Ivili leDharma" lishukuma. Ubukho bezi devas kunye ne-brahmas bungqinwa kwezona mfundiso zihloniphekileyo kunye nezangaphambili zikaBuddha, ezifana neDhammacakkappavattana Sutta kunye neBhavacakra.
Iimfundiso zikaBuddha
Iimfundiso zobuOthodoki zobuBhuda baseTheravada beziya kuyigqala ingcamango yobuBhuda yoothixo nee<em>bodhisattva njengengenamsebenzi ngokuphathelele usindiso lobuqu. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba iTheravada Buddhism (ekwabizwa ngokuba yiHinayana) yinto uBuddha wokuqala awayifundisa abafundi bakhe. UBuddha wathi:
"I-karma yomntu yipropati yakhe."
UShakyamuni Buddha
Ke ngoko, ngumbandela ozinzisiweyo wokuba usindiso lwakho lusezandleni zakho nokuba izithixo zamaBhuda azinakwenza imimangaliso epheleleyo. Ekuphela kwendlela yokulungisa i-karma embi yomntu kukuyibuyisela ngekarma elungileyo.
oothixo bamaBhuda abaqhubela phambili
Noko ke, kubuBhuda baseMahayana naseTibet kukho ukwamkelwa okukhulu ngakumbi koothixo bamaBhuda namandla abo obuthixo; ngenxa yoko, abo bazinikeleyo bavumelana ngakumbi nengcamango yemimangaliso.
Ngoko ke, amaBhuda aseMahayana aya kuthatha indlela eya kunceda abazinikeleyo bazincede, ngoko kuthetha. Kodwa ubuBhuda baseTibet buqhubela phambili ngakumbi, benokholo olwaneleyo, abazinikeleyo banokuphembelela imimangaliso epheleleyo koothixo baseTibet; oku kuya kubandakanya ukuhlanjululwa kwekarma, ukwakha ubutyebi, ubomi obude, kunye nokugoba isithandwa sasemzini okanye ukumkani kwintando yakho.
Isiphelo
Njengoko kuye kwaphawulwa kulo lonke eli nqaku, oothixo bobuBhuda bamela izidalwa ezinamandla, ezomeleleyo ngokwesimo nangomoya, ezizele ngamandla yaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, iimfundiso ezifanele zisasazeke zize zaziwa ngabantu bonke, zigcine imo yazo nendlela yazo yokuphila ngalo lonke ixesha. onke amanqanaba. Oothixo bobuBhuda bongamile, nabo bahlukile kubukumkani babantu, nto leyo ebonisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuba yinto enye ukuba nguThixo wobuBhuda ize enye ibe nguSiddhartha Gautama (uBuddha).
Kuphela zizithixo eziye zadlula kwindlela yokugqibela ezifikelela ezulwini, into ebahlulayo koothixo abaninzi kukuba xa bebonke, abazange bafikelele eNirvana ngesigqibo sabo, yaye isizathu yinjongo yabo emangalisayo yokunceda nokwabelana ngentanda-bulumko yobomi. , eyinxalenye yeemfundiso ezikubonisa eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokuphila kula maxesha eenguqu.
Inzululwazi yokwenyaniso yolu nqulo ilele koothixo bayo abakhulu nabamangalisayo bobuBhuda, abo bathi, ngenxa yeziphiwo zabo neempawu zabo ezikhethekileyo, bancede abantu baphumeze inzolo yamaphupha nosukelo lwabo ekudala belindelwe, ngako oku siya kukhankanya iimpawu ezithile. oko kuziswa luqheliselo lobuBhuda: ukuthobeka, umonde, ukuzola, uthando, ukulula, amandla angaphakathi, ukunganyamezeli, unyamezelo, imbeko, uxabiso, umgudu yaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, isimo sengqondo esihle.
Oothixo boBuddhism zezona zidalwa zipheleleyo kwaye zibalulekileyo xa sithetha ngolu nqulo, ngenxa yobukhulu kunye nokubaluleka kwabo xa bejongene neengxaki kunye nezicelo ezenziwa kubo, bazisa uxolo lokufumana into enqwenelekayo. ukuqinisa iimvakalelo kunye nobuntu, ukuphelisa iimpazamo kunye nokuguqula umbono wezinto ngokumalunga nendalo yonke.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iBuddhism ayifanele idideke kunye nobuHindu, ngoko siya kubonisa le ntlukwano ilandelayo, ukuze ukwazi ukugqiba ulwazi lwehlabathi lonke lo mxholo:
- Inkolo yobuBhuda inomseki osisiseko onguSiddhartha Gautama (uBuddha), ubuHindu abunamseki.
- USiddhartha Gautama (uBuddha) ngoyena mntu uphakamileyo koothixo bobuBhuda, ngoxa kubuHindu abona thixo babalulekileyo inguGanesha, uVishnu, uShiva, uKali, phakathi kwabanye abaninzi.
- Njengeendawo zonqulo, ubuBhuda bunemizi yoonongendi neetempile zamaBhuda, iipagodas, ii<em>vihara nee<em>stupa, yaye amaHindu aneetempile kuphela.
- Phakathi kwezona zenzo zidumileyo zobuBhuda kukucamngca kunye neNdlela yeZenzo eziNgcono ezisibhozo, kwelinye icala, kubuHindu kukho ukucamngca, i-yoga, ukucamngca, i-jnana kunye neminikelo kwiitempile.
- Bobabini banezibhalo ezingcwele kodwa ubuBhuda bugcina igama lesiPali elithi Canon kwaye kubuHindu balandela izibhalo ezingcwele ezibizwa ngokuba yiBhagavad-gita, Mahabharata, Puranas kunye neRamayana.
Ukuba ulifumene eli nqaku malunga nezithixo zobuBhuda linomdla, siyakumema ukuba wonwabele ezi ezinye: