Kwintsomi yamaGrike yamandulo, u-Uranus ngoyena mntu uphambili esibhakabhakeni kwaye uthathwa njengoyena thixo uphambili wendalo yonke. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga ne uThixo uranus, amandla ayo, iintsomi kunye nenzala, unganqikazi ukuhlala nathi kwaye ujabulele yonke imixholo esiyiphathele yona.
uThixo uranus
Uranus waziwa kwizithethe zamaGrike njengoThixo osisiseko wesibhakabhaka owenziwe ngumntu, ngelixa kwintsomi yaseRoma uchazwa ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye uhamba ngegama likaCaelus. KwiGrisi yaMandulo wayemntwisiwe njengonyana kunye nomyeni kaGea, uMama woMhlaba.
Ngokutsho kwe "Theogony", umsebenzi wezibongo nguHesiod, le titan yakhawulwa nguGea kuphela. Noko ke, eminye imithombo ithi uAether wadlala indima kayise. U-Uranus kunye noGaia babengookhokho besizukulwana sokuqala seTitans, kunye nookhokho abakhulu boninzi loothixo bamaGrike.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, alukho uhlobo oluthile lwehlelo le-Uranus elakwaziyo ukuhlala liphila kumaxesha amandulo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ayibonakali phakathi kwezihloko eziqhelekileyo zeeramics zeGrisi yaMandulo. Ngaphandle koku, uMhlaba, isibhakabhaka kunye neStyx (oceánide), ukuba babeyinxalenye yezibongozo ezindilisekileyo kwi-Homeric epic.
Unyango
Ngokumalunga ne-etymology yayo, eyona etymon inokufumaneka luhlobo olusisiseko lweProto-Greek *worsanós (Ϝορσανός), eyandisiweyo ukusuka ku-ṷorsó- (ikwafumaneka ngesiGrike ouréō `ukuchama', isiSanskrit varṣá `imvula' kunye namaHetite fogar-" "). Ngokwenxalenye yayo, ingcambu ehambelanayo ye-Indo-European * ṷérs-: ("ukunyakamisa", "ukuvuza"; ngesiSanskrit: várṣati, imvula).
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-Uranus idla ngokubizwa ngokuba "nguMenzi wemvula" okanye lowo ujongene nokuchumisa umhlaba. Ukongeza koku kungasentla, kukho enye i-etymology engasebenzi kakuhle apho intsingiselo ithi: "lowo ukwindawo ephezulu" evela kwiProto-Indo-European * ṷérso- (ngeSanskrit: vars-man: ukuphakama, phezulu. *).
Ngokunjalo, igama layo mhlawumbi livela kwingcambu yeProto-Indo-European *w ("ukugubungela", "ukuvala") okanye *wel ("ukugubungela", "ukusonga"). Uthelekiso olwenziwa kwixesha elidlulileyo nguGeorges Dumézil, isazi sefilosofi saseFransi kunye nombhali-mbali kunye nengcali kuluntu kunye neenkolo zaseIndo-European, malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kuka-Uranus kunye nothixo wamaVeda uVáruṇa, akukaqinisekwanga kwinani elikhulu lababhali-mbali.
mythos
Kumaxesha amandulo, kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba siyazi namhlanje njengeRiphabhliki yaseGrisi, kubantu baseGrike, u-Uranus wayengumbonakaliso woThixo owoyisiweyo. Ukongeza kwintsomi yokuthenwa kwakhe, wayengafane anxulumane njengomntu we-anthropomorphic, wayeyisibhakabhaka nje, edla ngokukhawulwa yimpucuko yokuqala njengophahla lobhedu okanye idome yehlabathi eyayibanjwe yiTitan Atlas.
Kwimibongo eyahlukeneyo yaseHomeric, u-Uranus udlala indima yelinye ikhaya lezithixo zeOlympian. Sinokubalaselisa xa kwi-Iliad, uNereid Tethys ephakama elwandle ukuya kucenga uZeyus kwaye kumbhalo kuthiwa: "Kwakusasa kakhulu waphuma ukuze abulise u-Uranus no-Olympus, kodwa wabalekela kunyana kaCronos ..."
Kwicala lakhe, uWilliam Sale kwenye yeempapasho zakhe ubonisa ukuba i-Uranus njengento ebonakalayo ( ουρανός ), ibhekisela kwisibhakabhaka esisifumana ngaphezu kwethu, kodwa apho izithixo zingahlali khona, yayiyisihloko nje esasinikwe. ukuya kumda ophezulu wecosmos.
Nangona u-Uranus wayengomnye woothixo bokuqala beGrike Pantheon, akukho ezincwadini okanye kwiwebhu kukho ulwazi oluninzi malunga nemisebenzi yakhe, into esiya kuyifumana ngamanani eentsomi kunye namabali ajikeleze ubukho bakhe. Phakathi kwezona zaziwa kakhulu zezi zilandelayo:
Ukuchithwa kweUranus
Kwiintsomi zeNdalo yeOlimpiki, njengoko uHesiod ebalisa kwiTheogony, u-Uranus wehla emhlabeni ngobusuku ngabunye ukuze agubungele kwaye ahlangane noGaia. Noko ke, wasilahla sonke isidalwa sakhe, ngenxa yoko, xa imbewu yakhe yayiza kuzalwa, wayigcina esifubeni sikanina.
UGea, ukuziphindezela ngenxa yale nto, waqulunqa isicwangciso apho, ngoncedo lweTitans, babeza kuphanga u-Uranus, kuphela uCronus, unyana omncinci, owamkelayo. Umatriki wakrola irhengqa elikhulu leqhwitha ngezandla zakhe waza walinika unyana wakhe ukuba aphumeze umsebenzi wakhe.
UCronos walalela uyise kwaye wasebenzisa isixhobo sokumthena, emva koko waphosa amasende akhe elwandle. Ukususela kuloo mathontsi egazi, ii-Erinyes, i-Meliades, ii-Giants zazalwa kwaye ngokwamabali amaninzi, kunye neeTelchines. Amalungu esini aphoswa elwandle kwaye ugwebu lwavelisa uAphrodite.
Emva kwesi siganeko, uCronus wavala uyise eTartarus, enzonzobileni enzulu ephantsi komhlaba, kunye neCyclopes kunye neHecatonchires, awayemoyika ngendlela efanayo. Ngale ndlela, waba ngukumkani ophakamileyo wendalo yonke kunye neZulu, kwaye uyise wayengayi kuba noxanduva lokugubungela umhlaba ebusuku. Ngaphambi kokuthinjwa kwakhe, u-Uranus waxela kwangaphambili ukuba iiTitans ziya kohlwaywa ngenxa yobuqhophololo obunjalo, elindele uloyiso lukaZeus phezu kukaCronus.
ukuzalwa kuka zeus
I-Theogony kunye neSayensi yeThala leeNcwadi zithi uGea no-Uranus babeqikelele ukuba uCronos uya kunqunyulwa etroneni ngomnye woonyana bakhe, ke ngoko, iTitan yazama ukusiphepha isiprofeto esibuhlungu kwaye yaqwenga yonke inzala yakhe.
Ngoncedo lwabo bobabini, uRhea, umfazi kaCronos, wakwazi ukusindisa uZeyus kwikamva lakhe elalisemnyango waza wamfihla de wakhula waza wabhukuqa uyise. Ukusuka apho, umzukulwana wesithixo sokuqala samaGrike wasebenzisa umsebenzi kaThixo wasezulwini kunye noKumkani wabo bonke oothixo.
Ukufika kwe-Uranus kumandla
Nangona sele sithethe ngawona mabali abalulekileyo aphathelele lo Thixo, asikhange siwenze ngokuphathelele ukufika kwakhe esemandleni. Kwintsomi yamandulo yamaGrike, iChaos ligama elanikwa amandla endalo awayebambe amandla eNdalo yonke ngaphambi kobukho bezithixo.
Isiphithiphithi salawula kwiCosmos ixesha elide, kodwa ngequbuliso, u-Erebus waphuma kwindawo engenanto, isimntwiso sobumnyama nesithunzi. Kwangaxeshanye, kwavela ubusuku. Ngelo xesha, ubumnyama, ukuzola kunye nokuzola kwalawula kwi-Universe, de ekugqibeleni Uthando lwazibonakalisa, i-catalyst ephezulu yendalo. Enyanisweni, ukukhanya kwavela kuLuthando, kwaye uGaia, uMhlaba, wazalwa kuyo.
UErebus, nobusuku, bavelisa uEtere, umfuziselo “wezulu eliphezulu,” ukukhanya kwasezulwini, iparadesi, nendawo. Aba babini bazala uHemera, isithixokazi samandulo kunye nomntu obhinqileyo welo xesha. Ngaphandle kwe-Erebus, uBusuku wazala ububi obuthuthumbisa umntu; intshabalalo, impindezelo, isiphelo, ukufa, njl.
Ngenxa yakhe, uGaia wakhulelwa unyana omnye, u-Uranus, owaba ngumlawuli wezulu ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha, umama nonyana batshata kwaye baba nabantwana abaninzi, kuquka nabadumileyo abalishumi elinambini beTitans.
Ukutolika
Iintsomi ezintathu esisandul’ ukuzibalisa, ezinemvelaphi ekude, azizange zibonakale kumahlelo amaHellenes. Umsebenzi ophambili we-Uranus yayiza koyiswa kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwakude kudala ngaphambi kokuba ixesha lokwenyani liqale.
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, xa kuthe kwabakho ukuthenwa kwakhe, izulu alizange liphinde libuye liwugqume umhlaba ebusuku, endaweni yoko lathatha indawo yakhe, kwaye into eyayithathwa njengabazali bokuqala yaphela. Ngaphakathi kwi-Greek Pantheon, oyena Thixo ubalulekileyo kwiminyaka emininzi yayingu-Uranus, ngaphambi kokuba uZeus abe namandla.
Ubukho kwezinye iintsomi
Intsomi yokuthenwa kwe-Uranus ifana kakhulu naleyo yendalo yaseHurrian, abantu bokuqala ababequka imimandla yelizwe ngoku elisemzantsi-mpuma weTurkey, umntla weSiriya kunye ne-Iraq, kunye nomntla-ntshona we-Iran. Kwinkolo yaba bantu bamandulo, u-Anu wayemele uThixo wezulu, unyana wakhe u-Kumarbi wakrazula izitho zakhe zangasese ngomlomo waza wakhupha izithixo ezintathu. Kweli qela kwakukho uTeshubhi, owathi naye wamsusa esihlalweni uyise.
Kuzo zombini iintsomi zaseSumeriya, zaseAsiriya naseBhabhiloni, uAnu ngumfanekiso ocacileyo weZulu, kunye noMthetho kunye noLungiselelo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kukholelwa ukuba u-Uranus, ubuncinane ekuqaleni, uthixo ovela kwinkcubeko yase-Indo-European.
Unxulunyaniswa neVedic Váruna, umgcini ophakamileyo wemvisiswano noxolo owathi kamva waba sisithixo semilambo neelwandle. Oku kufana kwacetyiswa yindoda engumFrentshi uGeorges Dumézil elandela emanyathelweni omsebenzi womlingane wakhe u-Émile Durkheim, "Iindlela zokuqala zobomi bonqulo" (1912).
Olunye uqikelelo oluninzi lukaDumézil, lubonisa ukuba uthixo wase-Iranian ongaphezulu u-Ormuz okanye owaziwa ngcono ngokuba ngu-Ahura Mazda, luphuhliso ngqo lwase-Indo-Iranian. *vouruna-*mitra*. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubungcwele obunjalo buya kuba neempawu ezifanayo noMithras, uThixo wemvula.
Inzala
UHesiod kunye nomsebenzi wakhe wezibongo othi "Theogeny" uthi u-Uranus wazala iTitans ezilishumi elinambini kunye noGaia. Amadoda amathandathu: uOceanus, uCeo, uCrius, uHyperion, uIapetus, noCronos; kunye nabafazi abathandathu: uFibhi, uMnemosyne, uRhea, uThemis, uThetis, kunye neTea. Ukongeza koku, bakhawula iiCyclopes ezintathu: Brontes, Estéropes kunye neArges; kunye neeHecatonchires ezintathu: uCoto "Ononya", uBriareus "Owomeleleyo" kunye noGyges "Lowo womhlaba". Omabini ayengamaqela eengxilimbela ezinamandla.
Emva kokuthenwa kwakhe, uThixo wesibhakabhaka waba nguyise wezinto ezininzi ezininzi. Ngelo xesha igazi lakhe lachithwa kwi-Gaia, i-Erinyes okanye i-Furies yavela, oothixokazi ababenonxano olungapheliyo lokuziphindezela, kunye ne-Meliades, i-nymphs yemithi yomlotha efunyenwe kwiintaba eziphakamileyo.
Ukongeza, ilungu likaThixo lawela ngqo elwandle, kwaye ukusuka apho kwavela uAphrodite, uthixokazi wobuhle, inkanuko kunye nothando. UHomer kwimisebenzi yakhe iqinisekisa ukuba ubungcwele buthe buyimveliso yobudlelwane phakathi kukaZeus noDione. UPlato wakha wathi oku kwakubangelwa kukuba igama elithi Aphrodite lalibhalwe ngoothixokazi ababini abahlukeneyo; omkhulu, u-Urania, kwaye omncinane, uPandemos. Yiyo loo nto ukudideka. Okokugqibela, sifumana uLisa, ozelwe nguNix (Ubusuku) kunye no-Uranus, isimntwiso sobudenge kunye nomsindo oyimfama.
Ukuba eli nqaku belithanda, musa ukuphuma ngaphandle kokufunda kuqala: