Yathi yakuba iGrisi ihlaselwe yaza yaphangwa ngamaRoma, ayizange ilawule izixeko nje kuphela kodwa asebenzisa inkcubeko yamaGrike, esenza uhlobo lwemimesis (okanye ikopi) yoothixo bawo, enye yazo yayiyeyonqulo lwezithixo. Zeus eyayiza kubizwa ngokubhekele phaya eRoma ngokuthi UThixo Jupiter.
Masidibane nothixo uJupiter
Ngokuqinisekileyo inkcubeko yaseRoma ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo, malunga neminyaka engama-700 a. C., umzekelo wokwanda nenkalipho yendlela ekwakuyimfazwe ngayo, ngakumbi malunga neminyaka yokuza kukaKristu kwaye nasemva koko xa iimbono zenkolo yokwenza ubuKristu zeyisa, ngaphambi kokuwa kwayo ngowama-400 AD. C., egubungele ngeengcamango zabo bonke ubukhosi yaye ngenxa yoko inxalenye enkulu yehlabathi.
Los iintsomi zamaRoma ezakhiwa zaza zaphinda zakhiwa kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo zisikhokelela kubalinganiswa abafana nalowo uya kunikela ingqalelo yethu kwesi sihlandlo: uThixo Jupiter, onguMongami nowongamileyo wendudumo, umbane nezaqhwithi, okwangumsebenzi wokwalathisa abantu.
Siyazi ukuba ngenxa yokutshintshiselana ngenkcubeko bonke oothixo bamaRoma banemvelaphi yabo okanye balingana nothixo wamaGrike; Umbhali es Zeus ngubani kwintsomi yamaGrike unyana ka Chronos, uthixo wexesha, kunye ne Rhea, emhlabeni umama, ngubani kwihlabathi laseRoma Saturn y Ops.
IRoma yasekwa kumbindi wento ngoku eyi-Itali engqongwe ziinkosi ezinkulu, ukusuka kwiintsomi zayo zokuseka siqala kwingxabano ebhekisa kumzuzu apho amawele. Susa y URomulus Baseka iRoma emva koko URomulus iya kubulala Susa. Ekuqaleni aba baphambukeli bokuqala babekholelwa ukuba imimoya yezinyanya zabo yayibajongile yaye kungenxa yoko le nto babethelela iimpawu zasentsomini kuloo mandla angaqondakaliyo, ekugqibeleni abajika baba ngoothixo babo.
Oothixo abathathu bokuqala ababevunyiwe ngamaRoma UMarte, Ifazwe yezithixo; UKirinus, isimntwiso esinjengothixo ngembeko Romulus; kunye nothixo owongamileyo Umbhali. Wayeza kuhambela phambili kulo ntathu, eze kubamba igama lika IJupiter Optimus Maximus de kwafika inqanaba apho oothixo abathathu abakhulu baseRoma babenguye ngokwakhe. Kwelinye icala, umfazi wakhe wayenjalo UJuno, o zekhompyutha eGrisi, ukumkanikazi wezithixo nentombi yakhe Minerva, uthixokazi wobulumko.
UThixo Umbhali Wayesisimntwiso sokukhanya, nguye owanika uloyiso kunye nomkhuseli omkhulu ngexesha lokoyiswa, wabizwa ngokuba Umbhali umlawuli, Umbhali owongamileyo jikelele, ongoyiswanga, ophumeleleyo, phakathi kwezinye izichazi ezizibhokoxa ezikrwelela ubungangamsha bayo.
Ngamaxesha emfazwe yayikhusela abantu baseRoma ibe ngamaxesha oxolo yayikhuthaza impumelelo.Imifanekiso yayo eqingqiweyo igqalwa njengomfanekiso wendoda endala enxibe itoga nendevu ezinde ezimhlophe; Uhleli kweyona trone iphakamileyo kwaye uphethe intonga enokhozi oluhleli phezulu.
Nabani na wayenokubethwa ngumbane Umbhali Yiyo ke loo nto wayehlonelwa, elandelwa yaye esoyikwa ngamadoda edolophu yakowabo. Kodwa uthixo, phezu kwawo nje loo mandla, wayengenakuze aqalise isibane ngaphandle kokulumkisa umntu kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba atyhale okokugqibela, ngaloo ndlela emnika ithuba lokuzilungisa, ngaphezu koko, wayengenakuyenza loo nto ngaphandle kwemvume yabanye oothixo.
Kwinqanaba lempucuko yamaGrike namaRoma, isixa esikhulu solwazi olubalulekileyo lwehlabathi lugciniwe, akukho nto ingaphaya kwaye akukho nto ingaphantsi, masikhumbule ukuba iintanda-bulumko ezintathu zokuqala ezifika engqondweni xa sicinga ngeFilosofi zazihlala eGrisi: USocrates, uPlato y UAristotle.
Ngenxa yokuvela kwabalinganiswa ababalaseleyo abafana naba, abathi ngendlela eRoma babenabalandeli babo, njengokuba kunjalo iPlotinus, kunomdla kakhulu kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sijonge ingcamango yamandulo ukuze sibone ukuba zeziphi iingcamango eziphembelela umlilo weengcamango kunye nendalo ngeli xesha kwaye enye yazo ngokungathandabuzekiyo inkolo.
Imvelaphi yegama elithi Jupiter
Izifundo zolwimi zityhila ukuba igama Umbhali ivela kukwakheka kweProto-Indo-European dyēus-pəter- eneentsingiselo ezininzi, kodwa ubukhulu becala uThixo onguyise olawula isibhakabhaka, umhla kunye nalowo ukhanya okanye oqaqambe kakhulu, ngenxa yokunxulumana kwawo neendudumo okanye ilanga ngokwalo.
yale nto dyēus-pəter- beza ngesiSanskrit kunye nesiJamani (zombini iilwimi zamandulo ezavelisa amaHindu nesiJamani) amagama abo ukuchaza oothixo babo abaphakamileyo njenge. Dyaus o UDyaus Pita weVedas y tiwaz ngokulandelelanayo kwimeko nganye, nakwisiGrike kuvela kule ngcambu yolwimi kunye negrama apho igama kunye negama livela khona: UZeus
Ekubeni iinkcubeko ezininzi zihambelana, kuquka Vedic kunye Nordic, Ngokunxulumanisa le ngcamango yokuba uthixo wesibhakabhaka unguthixo owongamileyo, akuqhelekanga ukutyekela ekucingeni ukuba kanye le yayiyeyona ngcamango idumileyo yantlandlolo kwinkcubeko yeproto-Indo-European.
Oku kukwabonisa ukuba uthixo Umbhali ayizange ithathwe kwi-pantheon yamaGrike njengoko kwaba njalo nakwabanye oothixo. Oko kukuthi, ama-aborigines, oko kuya kuba yiYurophu namhlanje, babenovakalelo olukhulu kunye nokunyamekela oko bakubonayo esibhakabhakeni kunye nendlela ukuhamba kwelanga kunye nemozulu engenelele ngayo ebomini babo, eyathi ekuhambeni kwexesha yayinemibala. kwiilwimi zabo zakha zamiselwa njengempucuko.
Elinye igama aziwa ngalo uthixo Umbhali noko ke kuninzi namhla oku koothixo abatsha (o Ndayibona), ke ukuba ufumana i-bibliography apho ndithetha nawe malunga nothixo ULovi okanye Omncinci khumbula ukuba uthetha kakhulu Ijupiter.
Imisebenzi
UThixo Umbhali Nguye ophethe ukwalathisa nokugcina ulungelelwano phakathi kwabantu, ungumphathi wezulu, ukwangumthwalo wokuqwalasela ukuba oothixo abangabalingane bakhe, umzalwana noonyana, nezinye izithixo, bawenza kakuhle umsebenzi wabo kwindawo ethile. yokunxibelelana nabantu. Ukongeza, omnye wemisebenzi yayo kukulawula izaqhwithi, imibane kunye neendudumo eMhlabeni.
Kwinqanaba lezopolitiko, nayo yayinoxanduva olukhulu kwizithixo nakwintliziyo yomntu, njengoko yayisetyenziswa njengesalathiso seenjongo ezininzi zopolitiko, yayibizwa ngokuba. IJupiter Optimus Maximus eguqulela kokona kulungileyo, umsindisi, omkhulu kwaye ke, yayiyinxalenye yendlela yeenkokeli zokucinga nokwenza iintetho.
Kude kuthiwe kukho abalawuli bamaRoma abathi baphupha into abafanele bayenze kwaye kuloo maphupha wabonakala uthixo. Umbhali ukumxelela, ukongezelela, ulwalamano lwakhe oluthe ngqo nokusesikweni lwalungenakuphikiswa, enyamekela ngokukhethekileyo ukuba izifungo nezivumelwano zizalisekile.
Kwanokuba umRoma wayefuna ukwenza isifungo, wayesibeka egameni lothixo Umbhali o Mtsha, ngaloo nto wamilisela intembeko nokuzithemba ukuba uya kukwenza oko akuthethileyo kuba oko kuzukisa oyena uphakamileyo, kungenjalo angohlwaywa.
Ukongezelela kubulungisa bangaphakathi, ugqalwa njengomkhuseli omkhulu wemida yeRoma nobudlelwane bayo bamazwe ngamazwe, ngokwegama lakhe lesibini nelesithathu esinokulifumana: uthixo. Jupiter Teminalus, ukuba wayejongene nokukhusela ijografi yesizwe; okanye kuthixo UJupiter uVictor, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba woyise emfazweni yada yancedisa ekuthwaleni amaxhoba eendawo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezazihlaselwe. Ngalo lonke ixesha inqanawa yomkhosi ifika yoyisile edabini, kwakufuneka baqiniseke ukuba bayadlula etempileni okanye kwikomkhulu likathixo. Umbhali.
Njengoko sibona, uqeqesho nentlonipho yalo thixo yayinkulu, umkhosi wawungayekanga ukudlula ubulela uthixo wawo ophakamileyo. Umbhali phambi kwayo nayiphi na enye; abezopolitiko bade baphupha ngaye kwaye bamkhokele kwizigqibo zabo ezinzima kwaye abantu abaqhelekileyo bafunga egameni lakhe. Ngokwenene wayekho kubomi bamaRoma, uthixo ongumsindisi, uthixo owongamileyo, uthixo. Umbhali.
Umbhali kwinkolo yamaRoma
Inkcubeko yamaRoma yabelana ngemiba emininzi kunye nezinye iinkcubeko, ezifana nenyaniso yokuba bahamba ukusuka ekubeni noothixo abaninzi ukuya ekubeni nomnye kuphela, oko kukuthi, ama-Indo-Europeans, ukuba nomdla kunqulo olucacisa yonke into ukususela ekuphumeni kwelanga ekuseni. , de latshona ilanga nendlela eyalishiya ngayo isiya enyangeni.
La yayingamahlelo okanye imibutho apho izithixo zazikhusela onke amalungu azo kwaye kwakukho uthixo okanye uthixokazi othile kwinkalo nganye yobomi, njengokuzala, uthando, ulwandle, imfazwe nesibhakabhaka ummeli wawo wayengoyena uphakamileyo, phakathi kwabanye oothixo.
Sele kuphuhliso lobomi bobukumkani, kwenzekile, njengoko sibonile ukuba kwenzeka kwezinye iimpucuko esele zenziwe, ukuba inkqubo yezenkolo yayimanyene kakhulu nezopolitiko kangangokuba kunokuthiwa yade yayilungisa, kuba abezopolitiko bamaRoma. babeziqonda ngokwabo iintetho zabo, becinga ngokweentetho zabo, beza kubo ngokwelizwi loothixo. Oku kwenzeka zombini kwezopolitiko nge "capital p", oko kukuthi, leyo esebenza kubo bonke abantu, kunye nakwiinkalo zomntu.
Kodwa elo cebo lokuxhomekeka kwiimpendulo zoothixo laliza kufika de UTeodosio, ngonyaka ka-380 AD, ubuKristu babeka inkolo esemthethweni yoBukhosi baseRoma, ngelo xesha kwakukho iinguqu ezininzi ukususela ekubeni umbono wenkolo wayeka ukuba ngumntu kwaye waba ngumntu.
Isicatshulwa esithile akwaziwa kubo, amasiko kunye nemithandazo yabo yayingamava kwaye bathi ngayo bazola okanye babalekele ingqumbo yoothixo. Eyona nto ikufutshane kwisicatshulwa senkolo yayinokuba Pax yezithixo ekwabizwa ngokuba yiPIzembe laseRoma, isivumelwano ngokwendlela abazalisekisa ngayo ukuzibophelela kunye nekhowudi yokuhlala ngoxolo emva kweengcango zobukumkani.
Umbono wamaRoma malunga nenkolo yabantu ababeboyisa, masikhumbule ukuba babeyi-emphaya yokwandisa, yayikukunyamezela ukubonakaliswa kwabanye, kodwa kungekhona ukwamkela amanani angaphezu kwamanani ambalwa (ityala elikhethekileyo yiGrisi) ukuqhubeka nokuba. uthembekile kwi-polygenic pantheon yakhe. Noko ke, kamsinya nje bakubona imbewu entsha yonqulo kummandla wabo eyayinokubenza buthathaka, baba ngqongqo gqitha kuyo.
Le yimeko yokutshutshiswa kwamaYuda namaKristu eyayisenziwa nguNero, owayenogonyamelo kangangokuba wada wabulala nonina. Abalandeli bobuKristu kunye namaYuda kwakufuneka baqhube izithethe zabo ezifihlwe kakhulu kwizisele okanye emingxunyeni ukuze umlawuli okanye imikhosi yakhe angababhubhisi, eyona nto imangalisayo kukuba okukhona babekhula njengehlelo, kokukhona babesiba yingozi ngakumbi. kodwa baqhubeka bekhula de baba bubuKrestu kwinkolo yaseRoma.
Kwaba njalo, amaRoma ayezikhusela kakhulu iinkolelo zawo zonqulo ezininzi kuninzi lobomi bobukhosi, de umlawuli wayitshintsha imithetho yomdlalo yaye nangona oku kwakungekokuba nje ebona ukuba abantu bakhe batyekele ekulandeleni. UYesu kodwa ikwamele intshukumo elungileyo yezobupolitika, ngaloo ndlela kwabakho utshintsho lwekhondo apho uthixo Umbhali iyekile ukuhlonelwa kwinginginya ukuze ibe yiparadesi yobuKristu.
itempile yaseRoma
Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ubukhosi baguqulwa baza ekugqibeleni banyamalala, kukwayinyaniso ukuba amaRoma ayengabakhi abakhulu, abakhi bezakhiwo kunye neenjineli ezithi, ukusuka kwiitempile ukuya kwii-coliseums kunye nemisele yamanzi kunye neebhafu, abazange bayeke ukumangalisa ngexesha labo. Kukho nemibhobho yaseRoma esebenzayo, awunoyincoma njani?
Le yimeko yomzekelo ulandelayo kunye nethuba, nangona uthixo Umbhali akahlonelwa ngobuninzi babo, akahlanganisi amahlelo okanye enze amadini, itempile yakhe isekho yaye isendulini. I-Capitoline, yagqitywa malunga nonyaka wama-509 a. C. kwaye wabelana nomfazi wakhe uthixokazi ukumkanikazi woothixo Juno Nentombi yakho IMinerva.
Ngoku kwitempile kathixo Umbhali sinokufumana umfanekiso oqingqiweyo omkhulu kathixo ongumsindisi, osusela kwixesha, kunye neencwadi ezilithoba ezibizwa ngokuba sibyllines equlethe izihlabo zesizwe ekwakuthethwa ngazo kuphela ngamaxesha emfazwe namanqam. Le tempile yeyona inkulu eRoma ngexesha layo kwaye yayiyindawo yokugqibela yokuya kwimingcelele yeenjengele eziphumelele iimfazwe ngoncedo lwe Jupiter Invictus, lelinye lamagama awayesaziwa ngawo.
UThixo Jupiter Invictus, Víctor, umbusi y Oloyiso onke angamagama esibini awongezelelwa kuthixo ukuze amphakamise ngakumbi kwaye akwayimiqondiso yolo thando nombulelo onokubonwa etempileni. Imingcelele ebesijongene nayo yabizwa Uloyiso eRoma yaye ayesithi xa ufika ebukhosini, umkhosi uye kuqala etempileni ukuze ubulele uloyiso, amaxhoba uze ushiye iminikelo.
Lo mngcelele wawumi ngolu hlobo: Phambi kwenjengele yambethe ingubo emfusa, intonga yobukumkani esandleni sayo sokunene, ikhwele enqwelweni yobhedu, rhuluwa ngamahashe amhlophe; elandelwa ngabemi, abakhonkxiwe okanye abotshelelwe ngamabanjwa emfazwe, abaze bengamakhoboka, nomkhosi wayo wonke uphelele ngasemva kwale nkokeli eya kuthi, yakufika etempileni, yenze idini elisenokuba lelomnye wababanjwa, limshiye phakathi. ukusuka kwixhoba lakho ukuya Umbhali waza wambulela ngoncedo lwakhe emfazweni.
Kodwa kanye njengoko sifumana lo thixo uJupiter enxulunyaniswa nemicimbi yasemkhosini neyemfazwe, oku akuthethi ukuba wayenguthixo onogonyamelo kuphela, kwiindawo ezinengxoxo-mpikiswano, kodwa esulungekisiweyo ngakumbi njengendibano okanye iNdlu yeeNgwevu, izigqibo azizange zenziwe ngaphambili. uya kusikelelwa nguye ibe kungoko wagqalwa njengothixo owohlwayayo wobugwenxa.
Nangona kwakhona ngoxolo okanye iibheji URoman wayekho kakhulu kuba lo thixo yayinguye owayebhiyozela imidlalo ephambili eyayisenzeka eRoma, i Ludi Romany NgoSeptemba, inguqulelo yabo yeeOlimpiki. Zazijongwa, zadlalwa, zalathiswa yaye zenziwa kuhlonelwa uthixo ongumsindisi, lowo ubungangamsha, uthixo. UJupiter uVictor.
Ukuhla kothixo weendudumo
Kodwa yayingeyiyo yonke into eyayilungile, uthixo Umbhali, ngaphambi kokusekwa kobuKristu wajongana nezithintelo apho umbono wakhe wawuphelelwe lixesha ngabachasi abahlukeneyo, imingeni kunye nemingeni. Kanye njengokuba kwimbali sifumana abalawuli abamphakamisayo bada baba ngababingeleli bakhe, njengoko kunjalo UJulius Caesar, sifumana nabanye abaloyikisa inkolo yakhe njengomzekelo ocacileyo we elagabalus.
elagabal Yayinguthixo wamaSiriya lo mlawuli, owayenegama elifanayo, awayemnqula yaye wayefuna ukuseka unqulo lwakhe eRoma, de amakhele itempile aze azise ilitye elivela eSiriya elalimela yena. elagabalus intshukumo yonke yaqala malunga nesimboli ukuba ngexesha kunye nokufika kwe Alexander Severus njengoko umlawuli omtsha wathi shwaka, ukususela ngoko Kakhulu Elandela ubizo lwabantu baseRoma, walubuyisela unqulo lothixo Umbhali walibuyisela ilitye endaweni yalo, kwa-Aram.
Kwi-parenthesis encinci kunye nokuthatha ithuba lokuba besijongene nezihloko malunga nezinye izizwe, kunokwenzeka ukuba unomdla wokufunda malunga ne-mythology yaseIndiya, yiyo loo nto sikumema ukuba ufunde malunga oothixo bobuddhism.
Phakathi kwabanye mhlawumbi bagqithise njengomlawuli UCaligula ababesithi unguthixo ophilayo obonisa utyekelo olwandayo lokuba abalawuli bazivakalise bengoothixo okanye bakholelwe ukuba bayinzala yoothixo abafana nalo thixo. Umbhali, imeko ye Galba.
Noko ke, kwakukho iimeko ezifana nomlawuli Augusto owayengafuni ukugqalwa njengothixo, kodwa ukunqulwa komlawuli njengaye kwabonakala kuthandwa ngakumbi yaye wakugatya ekugqibeleni. Nangona abanye abalawuli kuyo yonke imbali babonakala beyonwabele imbono yehlelo lobuntu.
Xa kujongwa umlawuli njengothixo, ingqalelo koothixo ngokukodwa uthixo Jupiter, Bahamba ngokwesicwangciso. Ngolu landelelwano lweengcamango, enye inkolo ebeka iiglavu phambi kweso thixo Umbhali ibinguye osuka I-Sun Invictus, inkokeli yamajoni. Kodwa kulo mbono Umbhali usindiswe ngumlawuli UDiocletian.
Ezinye izityholo okanye izityholo zikude lee kwixesha loBukhosi baseRoma kwaye zinjalo ukuya kutsho kumaXesha Aphakathi, xa izithandi zobulumko nabafundisi bobuKristu, njengoko zazinjalo. Ist. Augustine babhala ngothixo Jupiter, kungekuphela nje ukubanga ukuba akazange akwazi ukukhusela abantu baseRoma kodwa nokuba wayengumkrexezi ngoko ke wayengumzekelo ombi wokulandelwa.
Ngoku ukuba imbali idlulile kwaye sele inamandla Umbhali ingaphezu kwayo yonke inxalenye yentsomi esifunda ngayo ezincwadini, kunye namanye amagama afana nala Venus, Mars, Saturn nokuba ngoku zinxulunyaniswa nezijikelezi-langa kunoothixo.
Nangona kunjalo, asinakunceda kodwa sikhumbule ukuba lo yayingumfanekiso, mhlawumbi i-archetypal ukuba siyalandela jung, eyazalisa inyambalala yabemi ngamandla kangangamawaka eminyaka neyathi ekoyiseni okanye ukoyisiwe, yasebenza njengeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokwenza abaphumi-mkhosi abaninzi baqhubeke behambela phambili.
Ilifa lakhe
Uninzi lweempawu zalo kweli hlabathi ziye zahlala kwintetho, oku kucacile ukuba asiyicingi impembelelo eyayiyimele kubantu baseRoma ngexesha layo, amabinzana awayesetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kwii-senate zaseRoma kunye neenkundla, njengoko kunjalo ibinzana «ngo abatsha»elinye lamagama athiwa kuye.
Kwaye qikelela ukuba igama elithi jovial livela phi, kulungile, ayisiyonto ingaphaya kohlengahlengiso lwakudala abatsha kwaye, eneneni, ubomi bakho buya kutshintsha ngokuqinisekileyo ubuncinci usazi ukuba ngokwenza ikhathalogu umntu owonwabileyo, oyonwabisayo nonehlombe njengonoburharha, uphinda ubaxelele ukuba banento ethile. Jupiter, into eyomeleleyo kunye nento yokulwa. Ndinqwenela ukuba amagama anentsingiselo enye kuphela, kodwa hayi, siphila kwihlabathi lepolysemic.
Omnye umzekelo obalaseleyo welifa uThixo asishiyele lona Umbhali kukuba igama lakhe lasetyenziswa ukubiza isijikelezi-langa sesihlanu kwisixokelelwano sezijikelezi-langa, emva kokuba izifundo zembali kunye nenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi ziqhubele phambili kangangokuba kufumaniseke ukuba siyinxalenye yenkqubo yeeplanethi. Kakhulu Umbhali njengaye Venus, Lwe sibini y Saturn Ziziplanethi ezifumene amagama ezithixo zaseRoma, iNyanga kunye neLanga nazo ziinkwenkwezi ezifumene amagama azo ngala maxesha.
Le yinto esiqhubeka nokuyibona namhlanje ebonakala ngathi yinto eqhelekileyo kuluntu lwezenzululwazi, oku kukuthiya izinto abazifumeneyo zendalo besebenzisa iimbekiselo zeGreco-Roman yamandulo. Umbhali Ikwanalo nelo gama kuba ngowona mzimba mkhulu wesibhakabhaka kule nkqubo.
Kwaye ukuba oko kwakunganelanga, ngaba uyazi ukuba igama elithi ngoLwesine livela phi, jeudi ngesiFrentshi okanye i-giovedi ngesiTaliyane? Ewe, ukusuka kule mpembelelo, ukuba unoLwesine olumnandi, ngokuqinisekileyo unetyala kuJupiter okanye mhlawumbi uye Umbhali?
umlingane wakho
Sele sibhekiselele kwisibini sayo Zeus kwiintsomi zamaGrike, bobabini banguthixo weendudumo yaye bobabini baphuma kumandla antlandlolo aphezu kwawo, kodwa lawo angalathisi ikamva labantu kodwa alishiyela ezandleni zoonyana babo, oothixo. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwesibakala sokuba enye iyeyentsomi yamaGrike ize enye iyeyentsomi yamaRoma, zahluke njani?
Omnye umahluko omkhulu sifumene phakathi Zeus y Umbhali ngumgama okanye ukusondela ababenako ngokunxulumene nabantu, Zeus gqolo ukwehla ukusuka Olimpo kwaye waxubana namadoda ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzifihla okanye ukuthatha iimo ezintsha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi Umbhali wayengafane ashiye esibhakabhakeni, wayelawula esenyangweni njengowongamileyo, wayemamela, enenkathalo, enenzondelelo kwaye ekhusela uMhlaba nabantu kodwa akazange asebenzisane nabo ngaphandle kwemicimbi yemfazwe okanye avume okanye angavumelani nezigqibo ezaziyilwe. Itolikwa ngabantu sibyls.
Omnye umahluko obalulekileyo ujikeleza umbono wesiphelo, apho kwihlabathi lamaGrike-Latin luhlobo loluvo olulula, njengoko sibona kwimizekelo efana nedrama ye. Oedipus. Ewe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isenokubonakala ingekho ngqiqweni kangakanani na kuthi Zeus yabekwa phantsi kwezo ziganeko kulapho ikamva lisithatha khona Umbhali wongamile nangaphezu koku, kwaye akabuphathi ubomi bakhe okanye izenzo azenzayo nabantu ngenxa yabo okanye ngokuchasene nabo.
Kwelinye icala, ngokwemigaqo yokufana, bobabini uthixo wamaGrike Zeus njengomhlobo wakhe waseRoma Jupiter, ngenxa yokuba bobabini babenentlobano zesini kunye noodadewabo bade batshata kwaye banabantwana kunye nabo ababebathanda de babe ngabalandeli babo; ngokufanayo, ayengawona anamandla kwiintsomi zawo; babenamandla okuthabatha imo okanye umfanekiso wayo nantoni na ababeyifuna, enoba sisilwanyana, umntu, okanye omnye uthixo; phakathi kwezinye iimeko.
uyise kathixo Umbhali
Mchazele umntu njengoyise ka Iidayos iyabhidisa ngokwembono yobuKristu basentshona, sinokuthi endaweni yoko nguyise UYesu kwaye yintoni na Iidayos ngumgaqo-siseko umdali apho yonke into ivela khona; kodwa kumaRoma kwakungenjalo, kuba kwakukho uhlobo lomthi womnombo woothixo apho sibafumana khona bonke naphakathi kwabo. Saturn o Cronos kwintsomi yamaGrike.
Kwintsomi yamaRoma kuthiwa Saturn uthixo ummeli wezolimo kunye Ops uthixokazi wenzala (okuthi ngokwentsomi yamaGrike wayengunina wothixo wexesha), babenabantwana abaliqela phakathi kwabo uthixo wombane uthixo. Umbhali kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ufike kuyo, Saturn wayebadlile abantwana bakhe bangaphambili ngenxa yokuba kwakukho isiprofeto esasisithi omnye wabo wayeza kumshenxisa etroneni ngenxa yoko xa uthixo wendudumo ezalwa. Ops wazimela.
Saturn Endaweni yoko, waginya ilitye ngokungathi nguthixo osandul’ ukuzalwa waza wahlala ezolile ekholelwa ukuba umsebenzi wakhe wawusele wenziwe, kodwa isiphelo saso sahlukile, abantwana bomhlaba. Saturn bazikhuse ngesisu ngokungathi yintolongo ephilayo kwaye akukho nto banokuyenza ukuze baphume, babengamabanjwa nangona babesele bekhulile.
Ukusuka kwimiboniso yasentsomini enomtsalane njengale sinemizobo ekhethekileyo eyenziwe kuyo yonke imbali, njengoko kunjalo USaturn uqwenga unyana wakhe de Goya.
Saturn Emva kokuba elidlile ilitye, waqala ukubonisa iimpawu zohlobo lokugabha, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba alihlanze ilitye kunye nabanye abantwana bakhe awayebadlile ngaphambili, emva koku kunye nombulelo wabazalwana bakhe; Umbhali Waba nguthixo wezithixo waza walawula itrone yehlabathi.
Oku kulandelelana kweetrone kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo embalini ngenxa yokuba kwakunjalo kwada kwasekupheleni Saturn owasusa uyise esihlalweni Caelus, Uranus Kwintsomi yamaGrike, ekuqaleni kwexesha, lo wayengutata ocinezelayo wabhukuqwa ngunyana wakhe kwigunya lehlabathi kwaza kwenzeka into efanayo nakunyana wakhe uthixo. Umbhali.
Oothixo abanxulumene noVenus kunye noJupiter
Yiyo qué Ist. Augustine uthe? kwaye kutheni ukhomba Umbhali njengomkrexezi? Kaloku, siyazi ukuba wayengumfazi wakhe osemthethweni Juno awayenaye Minerva kodwa uluhlu lwamaqhina angaphandle komtshato lude, siluxela ngezantsi:
- Con maia ufanele uku Imercury, uthixo worhwebo.
- Ezayo UDione wazala Venus uthixokazi wothando.
- Con Ceres a Iproserpine, uthixokazi wasentlakohlaza.
- idityaniswe ne Diana waba nonyana nentombi, uthixo welanga Apollo y Diana uthixokazi wenyanga
- nabafileyo Selene ufanele uku Bacchus uthixo wewayini Kunokuthiwa esi sesinye sezihlandlo ezimbalwa apho wayenxibelelana nabantu, ngaphaya kwezopolitiko okanye ezomkhosi.
Ezi zezinye nje zobudlelwane ngaphandle komtshato awayenabo uthixo Jupiter, kunjalo, sinokufumana amanye amakhonkco amaninzi nabanye oothixokazi nkqu nabantu ezenzeka kwintsomi yamaRoma kodwa akazange agqame kakhulu njengoko zidweliswe.
Umbhali yabantwana
Uyidlulisela njani yonke loo mbali inamandla, yovuyo kunye nemfazwe ebantwaneni? Ewe, ngeenguqulelo zabo sinokufumana amabali okanye iimuvi, mhlawumbi njenge Hercules, esivumela ukuba sithethe ngomxholo wentsomi yamaGrike namaRoma kunye nabancinci, nangona kunjalo, ukucinga ngale njongo sikuzisa ngokulandelayo, ukuchazwa kwakhona kwentsomi. Jupiter, Juno kunye ne-Io.
Ngesinye isihlandlo Umbhali Wayedikwe kakhulu phaya phezulu esibhakabhakeni kwaye wayengayifumani into amakayenze, wacinga ngokutyelela omnye wabantakwabo. Neptune, lowo wabanika igunya lolwandle, okanye kubo Pluto, owanikwa ilizwe langaphantsi, kodwa inyaniso kukuba wayengafuni ukuthatha imo yengwane ukuze adabhe Neptune y Pluto wayedakumbile kakhulu engumfo ukuba angaya kumbona ngentsasa yangeCawe.
Umbhali, njengoko sinokuthi namhlanje, "wayezonwaya isisu sakhe," phakathi iibheji Akazange aphinde ayifumane into amakayenze kuba kwakungekho zigqibo zibalulekileyo amele azenze, ekubeni abantu babephumle yaye kungekho thixo wumbi wayemnike isizathu soko. Bendicinga ukukhangela Juno kodwa wayexakeke esebeza ingcebiso ngomtshato wabo ezindlebeni zabafazi abatshatileyo kwaye ke wayengenaxesha kunye Ijupiter.
Enye yezinto azithandayo ezenzeke kuye yayikukuba xa wabona isibini sabantu sihamba endle, wabeka ilizwi lakhe phakathi kwabo, nto leyo eyathi ngendlela uthixo wenza kakuhle ngayo, ngebinzana elithi «Ndive ndisisidenge!» Ngokukhawuleza emva koko aba babini babonana yaye ngaphambi kokuba bathethe ilizwi babesele besilwa, oku kwamhlekisa kakhulu uthixo owathi, ehleka ezulwini kuba eyifezile injongo yakhe, wazihlaziya kangangexesha elide.
Kodwa akonelisekanga yiloo nto Umbhali Waqhubeka ebukela ihlabathi kunye neRoma etroneni yakhe wada wafumana i-nymph enhle yamanzi kumlambo obizwa ngokuba Io nokumenza ukuba anyuke aye emazulwini, wabangela ukuba kudalwe ungqimba lwamafu awayenokuba kulo ngoxa wayesesezulwini, kodwa oku kwahluka kwemozulu kwayitsala ingqalelo kaYe. Juno waza kwaoko waya kubona ukuba kwenzeka ntoni na.
Xa Juno weza wabona Umbhali emi ecaleni kwenkomo encinci entle ephinda-phinda into yokuba ebengayazi ukuba ifike njani na loo nkomo apho. Juno zange awe, ndandiyazi loo nto Umbhali Wayeyijike intaka yaba yinkomo, kwaye ngeqhinga lomkhosi eliphantse labukhali njengendoda yakhe, wabuza ukuba angayigcina na loo nkomo "intle". Umbhali akakwazanga ukwala kwaye Juno yibeke elugcinweni inkomo.
UJupiter wacwangcisa iqhinga lokonga Khangela, kwaye ngethamsanqa kuba wayengenakuyenza loo nto, eyayiquka oko ngoncedo lonyana wakhe Apollo Bendizombuyisela emlanjeni wakhe kodwa Apollo wayizalisekisa, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa, de kwaphakathi ekubeni wayishiya inkomo emjelweni wamanzi kungekhona inyosi, oko kukuthi, akazange ayibuyisele kwimo yayo yangaphambili.
Xa Juno yaqonda ukuba inkomo ayithunywanga yimpukane elumayo kuye yaleqa le mpukane Io ecaleni komlambo de yafikelela ekungeneni elwandle, inkomo yakhwaza "mho moo» waza waqhubeka esaba de watshintsha indlela waya kufika eYiputa apho Juno wavela wamguqula umqolo waba yinyoni, wamxelela ukuba uya kufumana umyeni kwaye wanyamalala eshiya amahlwempu Io yodwa kuloo ndawo ilusizi yenymph yomlambo.
Into yokugqibela eyaziwayo kukuba Io Waqubha wabuyela eRoma, kodwa akukho nkcukacha zininzi malunga nendlela ayenze ngayo, ukuba uyawathanda la mabali, amabali kunye neendlela, siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke usifundele kumanqaku afana neli malunga nomthunywa. uthixo uHermes.