E-Olympus yenye yezona zithixo ezinobuqili kunye nezikhohlisayo, wakhonza njengomthunywa kwaye ngokulandelayo njengomthengisi. Okumangalisayo kukuba, lo mlinganiswa wayeyonwabele imigilingwane, yokuba ngobukrelekrele bakhe kuphela nobuqili bakhe wakwazi ukoyisa iintshaba zakhe, lo uthixo uHermes. Ngoko siyakumema ukuba ufunde okungakumbi ngalo thixo wamaGrike unobuqhophololo.
Amaphepha kathixo uHermes
Uthixo uHermes wayengumthunywa ohamba ngeenyawo, unozakuzaku othenjiweyo wabo bonke oothixo, nomqhubi wethunzi leHadesi. Wayesongamela ukukhuliswa nokufundiswa kwabaselula, yaye ekhuthaza imidlalo yomthambo nemidlalo yeembaleki, apho zonke iiholo zokwenza umthambo nezikolo zokujijisana kulo lonke elaseGrisi zazihonjiswe ngemifanekiso yakhe eqingqiweyo.
Kuthiwa wasungula ialfabhethi waza wafundisa ubugcisa bokutolika iilwimi zasemzini, yaye ubuchule bakhe, ubukrelekrele nobuqhetseba bakhe babubalasele kangangokuba uZeyus wayesoloko emkhetha njengomncedisi wakhe, xa wayehamba emhlabeni ezenze umntu ofayo. UHermes wayenqulwa njengothixo oliciko, mhlawumbi ngenxa yesibakala sokuba kwisikhundla sakhe njengonozakuzaku, eli candelo laliyimfuneko ukuze kuphumelele uthethathethwano awayeluphathisiwe.
Wayegqalwa njengothixo owabangela ukuba imihlambi ikhule yaye ichume yaye, ngenxa yesi sizathu, abelusi babemnqula ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Mandulo, urhwebo lwalusenziwa ngokutshintshiselana ngeenkomo. Ngoko ke, uthixo uHermes, njengothixo wabelusi, wagqalwa njengomkhuseli wabarhwebi yaye, ekubeni ubuchule nobugcisa buyimpawu ezixabisekileyo ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni, wayekwagqalwa njengomxhasi wobugcisa.
Enyanisweni, le ngcamango yendele nzulu ezingqondweni zamaGrike, kangangokuba kwakukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba ukwanguthixo wamasela nowabo bonke abantu abaphila ngobulumko. Njengomxhasi wezorhwebo, uthixo uHermes ngokwemvelo wayefanele abe ngumququzeleli worhwebo phakathi kwezizwe; ngoko, ngokusisiseko unguthixo wabahambi awayesongamela ukhuseleko lwabo waza wabohlwaya ngokuqatha abo babengafuni ukunceda umhambi olahlekileyo okanye odiniweyo.
Wayekwangumlindi wezitrato neendlela, yaye imifanekiso yakhe eqingqiweyo ebizwa ngokuba nguHerma (eyayiziintsika zamatye ezixhonywe yintloko kaHermes), yayibekwa kwiindawo ezidityaniswayo yaye ngokufuthi kwizitrato zikawonke wonke nakwiindawo zembutho. Ekubeni enguthixo wawo onke amashishini ekwakusenziwa kuwo ingeniso, wayenqulwa njengomnikezi wobutyebi namathamsanqa, yaye nakuphi na ubutyebi obungalindelekanga kwakubangelwa yimpembelelo yakhe. Uphinde wongamela umdlalo wedayisi, apho kuthiwa uyalelwe nguApollo.
Unyango
Igama lalo thixo wesiGrike lithatyathwe kwigama elithi "herma", igama lemvelaphi yesiGrike elithetha "i-agglomerate yamatye". Kwiintsomi zamaRoma, uthixo uHermes wayebizwa ngokuba yiMercury. Wafumana nezinye izihloko ezifana nothixo wamaGrike wenzululwazi, iindlela, umthambo, urhwebo, phakathi kwabanye.
ii-epithets
Uthixo uHermes wanikwa ii-epithets ezininzi kwiGrisi yamandulo ezibonisa iindima zakhe ezininzi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwezi epithets zichongiwe ngezantsi:
- U-Acacesius - unkulunkulu ongenakulimaza okanye ongenzi buhlungu.
- I-Agoraios – ye-agora.
- UArgiphon - Assassin waseArgos, okhumbula isiphelo sokugqibela sokuhlangana kwakhe nesigebenga esinamehlo amaninzi iArgos Panoptes.
- I-Charidotes - umniki onomtsalane.
- UCillenian- wazalelwa kwiNtaba yaseCylene.
- Diaktoros – umthunywa.
- UDolios – umcwangcisi.
- I-Diemporos - uthixo worhwebo.
- Enagonios – evela kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki.
- U-Epimelius - umgcini wemihlambi.
- U-Eriounios-umzisi wethamsanqa.
- I-Logios - ibhekisa kumandla kathixo uHermes njengesithethi, uthixo wobuchule bokuthetha. Ngubani, kwinkampani ka-Athena, ukuzalwa kwasezulwini kwentetho kwiGrisi yamandulo.
- Ploutodotes - umniki ubutyebi kunye nethamsanqa.
- Polygius - okuthetha "ukungaziwa".
- I-Psychopompos - umthuthi wemiphefumlo.
unqulo lweehermes
UHermes wayehlonitshwa phantse kuyo yonke indawo kwihlabathi lamaGrike, kodwa ngakumbi ePeloponnese, kwiNtaba yaseCylene, nakwizixeko ezinje ngeMegalopolis, iKorinte, neArgos. IAthene yayinelinye lawona mahlelo amadala othixo, apho kwakusenziwa umsitho kaHermeas okanye uHermaia wabantwana abaselula minyaka le. IDelos, iTanagra, kunye neCyclades zezinye iindawo apho uthixo uHermes wayethandwa kakhulu.
Ekugqibeleni, lo thixo wayenetempile ephawulekayo eKrete eKato Simi, apho abafana ababesele beza kuba ngabemi abapheleleyo baba nenxaxheba kwisithethe esasithabatha iinyanga ezimbini apho babechitha ixesha benxulumana namadoda amakhulu kwiintaba ezikufuphi. Omnye umthendeleko waseHermaia eKrete wavumela amakhoboka ukuba athathe indima yeenkosi zawo okwethutyana; kwakhona, ukunxulumana kothixo uHermes nokunqumla imida yazo zonke iindidi kuyabonakala apha.
usisi
Abahambi babemgqala njengomxhasi wabo, kwaye iintsika zamatye ( herma ) eziphethe isimboli se-phallus zazihlala zibonwa zibekwe ecaleni kwendlela ukuze zenze izikhokelo kwaye zinike ithamsanqa kwabo badlulayo. IHermas yayimiswe ngokukodwa kwimida, ikhumbula indima kathixo njengomthunywa phakathi koothixo noluntu, kunye nomsebenzi wakhe njengesikhokelo sabafi kubomi obulandelayo.
Ukongezelela, uHermes wayegqalwa njengomgcini wendlu, yaye abantu babedla ngokwenza ilitye elincinane lebhastile phambi kweminyango yabo ukuze bamhlonele.
Iitempile
Ngokutsho kwamabali asentsomini amaGrike, uLikayon ukumkani waseArkadiya nguye owabeka isiseko setempile yokuqala apho kwakunqulwa khona uthixo uHermes, apho wafudukela kweminye imimandla nezixeko ezinjengeAthene waza waya kulo lonke elaseGrisi. ephindaphinda inani leetempile ngokupheleleyo, kunye nomfanekiso wakhe omiliselwe kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo.
Ngokukodwa, oku kwenzeka kwiindawo ezigqalwa njengezingcwele, nezikhetha ukuqhelisela unqulo, oko kukuthi, izixeko ezinjenge: Magna Graecia, Arcadia, Samos, Attica neCrete, phakathi kwezinye. Izibonakaliso zeminikelo eyahlukeneyo yeminikelo yesibhambathiso (iminikelo eyenziwa koothixo bamandulo), yafunyanwa kwiitempile zayo ezahlukeneyo, zisebenza njengobungqina kunye neengxoxo ezibonisa indima yayo njengesikhokelo kubantu abaselula nakubantu abadala.
Abo babetyelela ezi ngcwele ngokukhethekileyo babengabaphumi-mkhosi, abazingeli kunye namajoni ngaphambi kokuba baye kuvavanyo lokwaluka, ukucela ukhokelo nokhuseleko kulo thixo uHermes. Kuthiwa kungenxa yoko le nto uThixo ebonakaliswa kwimifanekiso yakhe emininzi esekwishumi elivisayo.
IPomacos eyayiseTanagra yatshintshwa yaba yenye yeetempile zesithixo uHermes, oku kwakuphantsi komthi wequnube onamagqabi (isiqhamo), apho ezinye izithethe zibonisa ukuba uthixo wadalwa. Kwiinduli zaseFene babehonjiswe ngemithombo emithathu eyayigqalwa njengengcwele kuba babekholelwa ukuba bahlanjwa khona ekuzalweni kwabo.
Izipho
Kwinkcubeko yamaGrike amandulo, ukubingelela kuthixo uHermes kwakuquka ukunikelwa kuye njengezipho: isiqhumiso, ubusi, amaqebengwana, iihagu, ngokukodwa amatakane eemvana namatakane eebhokhwe. Njengothixo oliciko, iilwimi zezilwanyana ekubingelelwe ngazo zanikelwa kuye njengomnikelo.
Imithendeleko
Kuzukisa uthixo uHermes, kwakubhiyozelwa kwiintlanganiso ezazibizwa ngokuba nguHermaea, eyayisisikhumbuzo esikhethekileyo apho kwakunikelwa khona amadini, kunye nemidlalo yomthambo neyeembaleki. Le mibhiyozo kuthiwa yaqala ngenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX BC
Noko ke, akukho ngxelo yalo mbhiyozo de kwayinkulungwane yesi-XNUMX ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Izizathu ezinokuthi mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabantwana abancinci kunye nabanye abantu abadala kwakulinganiselwe ngokweemeko zabo zomzimba.
I-Iconography
Imifanekiso yothixo iye yahluka kumaxesha ahlukeneyo obomi bakhe, kunye nasekuphumezeni imisebenzi yakhe eyahlukeneyo. Kubugcisa bamandulo uchazwa njengendoda enamandla eneendevu. Ngaloo ndlela, ufunyenwe kwiivasi zesiGrike, enxibe isambatho somhambi (chamlys) kwaye enxibe ikepusi yomhambi (petasos) kunye neebhutsi zesikhumba ezinamaphiko (pteroeis pedila), kwaye ephethe ezandleni zakhe intonga (kerykeion, isiLatini: caduceus).
Ngamanye amaxesha unxiba iimbadada ezinamaphiko okanye umnqwazi onamaphiko. Kamva uchazwa njengomntu oselula ongenandevu, onamandla noneliso elibukhali nelithambileyo. Udumo ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaPraxiteles, obonisa uthixo uHermes enomntwana uDionysus (inkulungwane yesi-XNUMX yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo) kunye noHermes bephumle, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wobhedu osuka eHerculaneum, apho uthixo uphumle elityeni ehamba ze ngamaphiko kuphela ezingalweni zakhe.
Njengoko i-psychopomp ibonakala kwii-cenotaphs ezininzi, phakathi kwayo isiqabu esidumileyo kwi-Villa Albani eRoma ebonisa ukwahlukana kwe-Orpheus kunye ne-Eurydice, apha uthixo uHermes unxibe iimpahla zokuhamba kunye nomnqwazi wakhe ujinga entanyeni yakhe. Ngamanye amaxesha uboniswa njengomalusi ophethe inkunzi yegusha, okanye njengothixo wezorhwebo ophethe isipaji, umzekelo iHermes kwiCapitol.
Ukuzalwa, ubuntwana kunye nolutsha
UHermes wayeyinzala kaZeyus noMaya, owokuqala nomhle kakhulu kwi-7 Pleiades inzala yeTitan Atlas, kwaye ukuzalwa kwakhe kwenzeka emqolombeni kwiNtaba yaseCilene eArcadia. Eselusana nje, wabonakalisa ubuchule obubalaseleyo bobuqili nohanahaniso; eneneni wayelisela elisuka embelekweni, ekubeni kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa kwakhe ngokwebali simfumana echwechwa ephuma emqolombeni awayezalelwe kuwo, ukuze abe ezinye iinkomo kumntakwabo uApollo owayesondla imihlambi yezilwanyana. Admetus.
Kodwa akazange aqhubele phambili kuhambo lwakhe xa wafumana ufudo, awalubulalayo, waza wolula iintambo ezisixhenxe phezu kweqokobhe elingenanto waqamba ihadi, awathi ngoko nangoko waqalisa ukudlala ngobuchule obugqwesileyo. Wathi akuba ezonwabisa ngokwaneleyo ngesixhobo, wayibeka kwindawo yakhe yokulala waza waqalisa uhambo lwakhe oluya ePiria apho iinkomo zika-Admetus zazidla khona.
UHermes uba inxalenye yomhlambi ka-Apollo
Ukufika kwindawo awayesiya kuyo ukutshona kwelanga, wakwazi ukwahlula iinkunzi zeenkomo ezingamashumi amahlanu kumhlambi kamkhuluwa wakhe, ngoku ezikhokelela phambi kwakhe, ethabatha inyathelo lokugquma iinyawo zazo ngeembadada ezenziwe ngamasebe ommirtile, ukuze zingabhaqwa.
Kodwa isigebenga esincinane asizange siphawuleke, kuba uphangi lwalubonwe ngumalusi omdala ogama linguBato, owayesalusa imihlambi kaNeleo ukumkani wasePylos (uyise kaNestor). UHermes, esoyika ukubhaqwa, wamnyoba ngeyona nkomo ilungileyo emhlambini ukuze angamngcatshi, kwaye uBato wathembisa ukugcina imfihlo. Kodwa uthixo uHermes, enobuqhokolo kunye nokunganyaniseki, wagqiba ekubeni avavanye ingqibelelo yomalusi ngokuzenza ngathi uyahamba ethatha imo ka-Admetus, emva koko wabuyela kwindawo wanikela ngayo ixhego ezimbini zezona nkomo zakhe zibalaseleyo ukuba watyhila umbhali wencwadi. ubusela.
Eli qhinga laphumelela, kuba umalusi obawayo engazange akwazi ukuxhathisa isithiyelo esihendayo wanika uHermes inkcazelo awayeyinqwenela awathi uHermes esebenzisa amandla akhe obuthixo wamguqula waba lilitye lokuhlola njengesohlwayo sokungcatsha nokubawa kwakhe.
UApollo ufumana uHermes
Ngoku uthixo uHermes waxhelela iinkomo ezimbini awayezibingelele yena nabanye oothixo, waza ezinye wazifihla kumhango. Emva koko wacima umlilo ngononophelo, kwaye emva kokuphosa izihlangu zakhe zesetyana kumlambo iAlfeyu, wabuyela eCylene. Emva koko, uApollo, ngamandla akhe okubona konke, ngokukhawuleza ufumanisa ukuba ngubani na owayebile kuye kwaye unquma ukukhawuleza eCylene, apho wayefuna ukubuyiselwa kwepropati yakhe.
Ekhalazela uMaya ngokuziphatha konyana wakhe wabonisa usana olumsulwa olwalulele ngokubonakala lulele bhuma elukhukweni lwakhe, apho uApollo enomsindo wamvusa loo mntu uleleyo wazenza ngathi uyamtyhola ngobusela; kodwa le nkwenkwana yalikhanyela lonke ulwazi ngayo, yaza yayenza ngobuchule indima yayo kangangokuba yada yabuza ngeyona ndlela ingenangqondo ukuba ziinkomo ezinjani na.
UHerme utyholwa phambi kukaZeus nguApollo
U-Apollo wamsongela ngokumphosa eTartaro ukuba akazange avume inyaniso, kodwa konke oko akuzange kuncede. Ekugqibeleni, walubamba usana ezingalweni zakhe waza waluzisa phambi koyise obekekileyo owayehleli kwigumbi lebhunga lezithixo. UZeyus wasiphulaphula isityholo sika-Apollo waza wabuza kabukhali uHermes ukuba achaze apho wayezifihle khona iinkomo.
Inkwenkwe isasongelwe eziqhiyeni, yajonga ebusweni bukayise ngobugorha, yathi, “Ngaba ndinako na ukugxotha umhlambi weenkomo? Mna, ozelwe izolo kwaye iinyawo zakhe zinkulu kakhulu. Ithambile kwaye ithambile ukunyathela kwiindawo ezirhabaxa? Kude kube ngulomzuzu, ndilele kamnandi esifubeni sikamama azange ndigqithe mgubasi wendlu yethu. Uyazi kakuhle ukuba andinatyala, kodwa ukuba uyathanda, ndiya kukuqinisekisa ngezifungo ezinzulu."
Njengoko inkwenkwana yayimi phambi kwakhe ijonge umfanekiso wobumsulwa, uZeyus wayengenako ukuncuma ngobukrelekrele bakhe nobuqili bakhe, kodwa, elazi kakuhle ityala lakhe, wamyalela ukuba akhokele uApollo emqolombeni apho wayewufihle khona umhlambi. Uthixo uHermes, ebona ukuba ubuqhophololo obungakumbi abunamsebenzi, wathobela ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Kodwa xa umalusi ongokobuthixo wayeza kuziqhubela iinkomo zakhe ePiria, uHermes, ngokungathi ngamabona-ndenzile, wabamba iintambo zohadi lwakhe.
UApollo noHermes baba ngabahlobo bokwenene
Ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha uApollo wayengevanga nto ngaphandle komculo wehapu yakhe eneentambo ezintathu nesirinx, okanye ifluti kaPan, yaye njengoko wayephulaphule echwayitile kumculo omnandi wesi sixhobo sitsha ukulangazelela kwakhe ukuba naso kwakhula kangangokuba wavuya kakhulu enikela ngeenkomo ngembuyekezo yaye kwangaxeshanye ethembisa ukunika uHermes igunya elipheleleyo kwimpahla emfutshane neenkomo, kwanaphezu kwamahashe nawo onke amarhamncwa asehlathini nasemahlathini.
Esi sicelo samkelwa yaye ngaloo ndlela kwabakho uxolelwaniso phakathi kwabazalwana, le yindlela uthixo uHermes awathi ukususela ngoku waguqulwa ngayo waba nguthixo wabelusi, ngoxa uApollo wayezinikele ngenzondelelo kubugcisa bomculo. Emva koko baqhubela phambili ukuya e-Olympus, apho uApollo wazisa uHermes njengomhlobo wakhe okhethiweyo kunye neqabane lakhe, kwaye wamfungisa ngeStyx, ukuba akayi kuba ihabhu yakhe okanye isaphetha sakhe, okanye ahlasele ingcwele yakhe eDelphi, wamnika iCaduceus okanye intonga yegolide.
Le ntonga yayithweswe ngamaphiko kwaye xa inikezela kuHermes, uApollo wamxelela ukuba inamandla okumanyanisa ngothando zonke izidalwa ezahlulwe yintiyo. Efuna ukuvavanya ubunyaniso beli bango, uthixo uHermes wamphosa phakathi kweenyoka ezimbini ezisilwayo emva koko la madoda alwayo asangana ngokuwolana ngothando aza angqonge loo ntonga, ehlala ebambelele ngokusisigxina kuyo.
UHermes utyunjwe nguHerald kunye nomqhubi wezithunzi
Intonga ngokwayo imela amandla, ubulumko beenyoka, kunye neofisi yamaphiko, zonke iimpawu eziphawulwa ngunozakuzaku othenjiweyo. Lo thixo uselula ngoku waziswa nguyise ephethe isigqubuthelo sesilivere esinamaphiko ( Petasus ), kananjalo enamaphiko esilivere ezinyaweni zakhe ( Talaria ), yaye ngoko nangoko wamiselwa ukuba abe ngumvakalisi wezithixo nombhexeshi wezithunzi zeHadesi, isigxina esathi de kwayiwa. yabe izaliswe kwangokunjalo.
Njengomthunywa wezithixo, simfumana esetyenziswa ngazo zonke izihlandlo ezifuna ubuchule obukhethekileyo, ubuchule, okanye isantya. Ngaloo ndlela ukhokelela uHera, uAthena kunye noAphrodite eParis, ukhokelela uPriam ukuya e-Achilles ukuba afune umzimba kaHector, ubophe i-Prometheus kwiNtaba yaseCaucasus, uqinisekisa i-Ixion kwivili elijikelezayo elingunaphakade, utshabalalisa uArgos, umgcini wamehlo alikhulu. Io, phakathi kwabanye.
Njengomqhubi wezithunzi, uHermes wayesoloko ecelwa ngabantu abafayo ukuba abanikeze indlela ekhuselekileyo nekhawulezayo yokuwela iStyx. Kwakhona wayenamandla okubuyisela imimoya efileyo kwihlabathi eliphezulu yaye ngaloo ndlela wayengumlamleli phakathi kwabaphilayo nabafileyo.
Amaqabane kunye nenzala
Phezu kwayo nje indawo yakhe encinane kumhlaba wasentsomini owasindayo, uthixo uHermes kuthiwa wazala intaphane yabantwana, ngenxa yolwalamano lobuthixo nolwabantu. Ezinye zezi nzala ziquka:
- UHermaphrodite, unyana ongafiyo kaHermes ngoAphrodite owaba yintandane xa izithixo zawunikezela ngokoqobo umnqweno kaSalmacis wokuba bangaze bahlukane.
- UPriapus, omnye unyana womanyano phakathi kukaHermes noAphrodite, owayenguthixo wenzala.
- UTyche, uthixokazi wethamsanqa, maxa wambi kwakusithiwa yintombi kaHermes noAphrodite.
- UAbdero unyana omncinane ofayo wothixo uHermes owaginywa yiMares yaseDiomedes.
- UAutolicus, unyana kaHermes, inkulu yamasela, noKuyoni intombi kaDaedaliyon; kwaye kamva utatomkhulu ka-Ulysses.
- I-Pan, unkulunkulu we-satyr "wedlelo kunye nokuchuma", unyana kathixo uHermes nguDryope okanye uPenelope.
Iibheji kunye neempawu zesithixo uHermes
Phakathi kweempawu kunye neempawu zesithixo uHermes ngokuyintloko sinokufumana inkomba yakhe edumileyo efana neHerald rod, izityalo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nezilwanyana ezingcwele ezahlukeneyo ezibopha uthixo nomncedisi wakhe woothixo. Ngokukodwa ezi zezi:
- Iiflopsi: Zazintle kwaye zegolide zamthwala uthixo wawela emhlabeni naselwandle ngesantya somoya; kodwa uHomer akacacisi ukuba ezi zazinikwe amaphiko. Ubugcisa bePlastiki, kwelinye icala, lwalufuna uphawu oluthile lwangaphandle ukubonisa olu mgangatho weembadada zikaThixo, kwaye ngoko ke wenza amaphiko emaqatheni akhe abizwa ngokuba yi-ptenopedilos okanye i-alipes.
- umnqwazi onamaphiko: UHermes wasebenzisa umnqwazi womhambi onomphetho obanzi okanye onamaphiko. Eyokuqala yayibizwa ngokuba yiCap of Aidoneus (engabonakaliyo) kuba yayinika lowo uyinxibileyo amandla okungabonakali.
- Udondolo lukaHerald: Uthixo wayesoloko ephethe igolide "kerykeion" okanye intonga herald njengoko kuchongwa indima yakhe njengomthunywa oothixo, nto leyo nayo yayisetyenziselwa ukulala. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, yayihonjiswe ngamaphiko amabini, ichaza indlela umthunywa woothixo awayehamba ngokukhawuleza ngayo ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye.
- iiribhoni ezimhlophe: aba ngabo abaqale bajikeleza intonga yommemezeli, batshintshwa ngamagcisa alandelayo ukuba abe ngamarhamba amabini, ngokutsho kwamabali, nangona abantu bamandulo ngokwabo bawachaza, mhlawumbi ngokuwalandelela kwisenzo esithile sothixo, okanye ukuwajonga njengomfuziselo. imiboniso yobulumko, ubomi bonke. , impilo kunye nokunye.
- Hermes Blade: UHermes wayesoloko ephethe igolide okanye i-adamantine blade.
- imibhobho yomalusi: uthixo uHermes wadala imibhobho yomalusi awayitshintshiselana noApollo, uthixo womculo, ngamalungelo athile. Noko ke, uthixo waqhubeka edlala esi sixhobo sikrwada.
- Ganado: Lo thixo wafumana umhlambi weenkomo ezingcwele kuApollo, awayezalusa kumadlelo angcwele eNtaba yeOlympus.
- ingcuka: esi silwanyana sincinci sasingcwele kuHermes ngenxa yokwanda kwayo. Ngoko ke, wasibeka isilwanyana phakathi kweenkwenkwezi njengekroza leLepus.
- Hawk: Le yayiyintaka engcwele kuthixo uHermes, ekubeni esebenzisa amandla akhe waguqula abantu ababini, uHierax noDaidalon, kolu hlobo lwentaka.
- Tortuga: Ingcwele ngokulinganayo kuHermes, ekubeni lo thixo watshintsha isimo somzimba se-Quelona nymph ngokuyiguqula ibe yifudo kwaye wadala i-lyre yokuqala kunye ne-carapace yesi silwanyana.
- Intyatyambo yecrocus: olu hlobo lweentyatyambo olwaluvunwa ezintabeni, lwangcwaliselwa uthixo onguHermes; Kwakukho inkolelo yokuba uthixo wenza ukuba esi sityalo sikhule kwigazi likaCrocus amthandayo.
- umthi wamaqunube: Umthi wamaqunube wawugqalwa njengongcwele kuHermes, kuba kwakusithiwa uthixo ebuntwaneni bakhe wancanciswa phantsi kwamasebe omthi onjalo.
- oreiades: ezi yayiziinja zeentaba, ezazijongwa njengabancedisi beHermes kwimimandla yasendle yaseArcadia.
- isonka kunye nezonka: UPan wayengomnye woonyana bothixo uHermes, owayegqalwa njengothixo wemihlambi yeebhokhwe; ukongezelela, kwakukho amaPane, uhlanga oluphawu lwalo lwaluyimilenze yebhokhwe ngokweemfuno zabo, aba kunye nabokuqala babengabalandeli nabancedisi bothixo uHermes ezintabeni zaseArkadiya.
- abasatyi: Le yayiyimimoya yokuchuma yasehlathini, eyayidla ngokunxulunyaniswa noHermes.
- Oneiroi: babeyimimoya yabancedisi bamaphupha kaHermes Khthonios (wehlabathi eliphantsi), owabakhokela ebukumkanini bakhe obungaphantsi komhlaba ukuya kwiingqondo zamadoda aleleyo.
kwiintsomi
Uthixo uHermes ubonakala kwiibali ezahlukeneyo zentsomi yamaGrike, eyona mbonakalo yakhe ibalaseleyo yile ikhankanywe ngezantsi:
I-Iliad
Amanani kaHermes kwiMfazwe yeTrojan exelwe nguHomer kwi-Iliad. Nangona kwelinye icandelo elide lisebenza njengomcebisi kunye nesikhokelo kukumkani weTrojan uPriam kumzamo wakhe wokubuyisela umzimba wonyana wakhe owileyo uHector, uHermes uxhasa ngokwenene ama-Achaeans kwiMfazwe yeTrojan. UHomer uhlala echaza uthixo ngokuthi "nguHermes isikhokelo, umbulali weArgos" kunye "noHermes uhlobo."
I-odyssey
Kwi-Odyssey, uHermes uhambisa imiyalezo emibini eyahlukeneyo ngexesha lohambo luka-Odysseus lokumbuyisela ekhaya ngokukhuselekileyo. Umyalezo wokuqala uvela kuHermes ukuya e-Odysseus, apho unkulunkulu uHermes utshela u-Odysseus ukuba unokuzikhusela kwikhono likaCirce lokumguqula kwisilwanyana ngokuhlafuna imifuno yomlingo. U-Odysseus ulandela isiluleko sikaHermes kwaye akabi lixhoba lokuguqulwa kwisilwanyana nguCirce.
Umyalezo wesibini kaHermes ngexesha lokugoduka kuka-Odysseus ngumyalezo oya eCalypso. UHermes uxelela uCalypso ukuba uZeus umyalele ukuba akhulule uOdysseus kwisiqithi sakhe ukuze aqhubeke nohambo lwakhe olugodukayo.
Argus Panoptes
UHera waphantse wafumanisa umyeni wakhe uZeus kwi-flarrante delicto ene-nymph Io, kodwa uZeus waguqula ngokukhawuleza u-Io waba yithokazi elihle elimhlophe. Nangona kunjalo, uHera akazange akhohliswe kwaye wacela ithokazi njengesipho, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uZeus wayengenakukwazi ukwala. Emva koko uHera wamisela iArgos Panoptes njengomalusi wethokazi, ethintela uZeus ukuba atyelele i-nymph okanye aguqule umva wakhe kwifom ye-nymph. Ngaloo ndlela, u-Io wayebotshwe kumthi womnquma kwihlathi elingcwele yi-giant.
Umsebenzi kaHera weArgos Panoptes uya kuba nguye oza kuzisa ukufa kwisigebenga esibonayo, njengoko ukubandezeleka kuka-Io ekugqibeleni kwanyanzela uZeus ukuba ahlangule umthandi wakhe. UZeyus wabela unyana wakhe amthandayo nongenakufa, uthixo uHermes, ukuba asindise aze abuyisele u-Io. Nangona wayehlakaniphile, enobuqili kunye nesela, uHermes wayengenakuba nje ithokazi, kuba uArgos Panoptes wayekwazi ukubona yonke into eyenzekayo ngeenxa zonke kuye. Emva koko, uthixo onguHermes wazenza umalusi waza waya kuhlala ecaleni kwesi sigebenga emthunzini.
UHermes phantse kwangoko waqala ukuxelela amabali ahlukeneyo malunga noothixo baseOlympus, ngelixa edlala umculo ophumlayo kwiimbande zakhe zengcongolo. Usuku lwaqhubela phambili, kwaye umculo opholileyo wenza iliso elinye emva kwelinye livale njengoko ubuthongo babuthatha iArgos Panoptes ehlala ivukile. Ekugqibeleni, onke amehlo ka-Argos avaliwe ngaphambi kokuba abethelwe nguHermes, mhlawumbi wabulala isigebenga ngelitye okanye wasinqumla intloko.
Umthandi kaZeyus u-Io ngoku wayekhululekile, kodwa ubunzima bakhe babungekapheli ngenxa yokuba uHermes wayengenakukwazi ukuguqula u-Io abuyele kwimo yakhe ye-nymph, ngoko u-Io wawubhadula umhlaba njengethokazi de ekugqibeleni wayifumana ingcwele eYiputa. Emva kokufa komnye wabakhonzi bakhe abathandayo, uHera wathatha amehlo ongasekhoyo uArgos Panoptes wawabeka kwiintsiba zentaka yakhe engcwele, ipikoko.
Perseus
Xa uPolydectes wayala uPerseus ukuba abuyisele intloko kaMedusa, uHermes wanika uPerseus iimbadada zakhe ezinamaphiko. Ezi zihlangu ezinamaphiko zamnceda uPerseus ukuba abaleke emqolombeni waseMedusa emva kokuba wamnqumla intloko. Oku kwagcina uPerseus ephila, njengoko kwathintela oodade bakaMedusa ukuba bafike ePerseus baze bambulale.
I-Prometeo
Kwintsomi kaPrometheus, uthixo uHermes ubonakala, xa uZeyus wadlulisela kuye umsebenzi wokweyisela uPrometheus ukuba asidlulisele ngokuqinileyo isiprofeto esingokuphela kwegunya likaZeyus. Uyazi ukuba nguye kuphela onokumcacisela, kodwa uyala kwaye ubonisa uHermes ukuba ukhetha ukungonwabi kunokuba sisicaka sikaZeyus njengaye.
UHermes umxelela ukuba ukuba uyala ukuxela isiprofeto, uZeyus uya kubangela uqhwithela oluya kubangela ukuba incopho yentaba aphantsi kwayo iwele phezu kwakhe, emva koko kuza ixhalanga yonke imihla lize lidle isibindi sakhe, apho uPrometheus. umxelela ukuba akazimiselanga kunikezela kwaye sele eyazi yonke into amxelela yona.
Herse, iAglaurus kunye nePandrosus
Kuthiwa ngenye imini uHermes wayebhabha phezu kweAthene, xa, ejonge esixekweni, wabona iintombi ezininzi zibuya kumngcelele ondilisekileyo zivela kwitempile yasePallas-Athena. Oyena ubalulekileyo kubo yayinguHerse, intombi entle kaKumkani uCecrops, kwaye uthixo uHermes wayechukumiseke kakhulu bubuhle bakhe obugqithisileyo kangangokuba wagqiba kwelokuba afune ukwazisana naye. Ngenxa yoko, wabonakala kwibhotwe lasebukhosini waza wacela udadewabo uAgraulo ukuba athande i-suit yakhe; kodwa, ekubeni eqaqadekile emoyeni, wala ukwenza oko ngaphandle kokuhlawula intywenka yemali.
Akuzange kuthathe xesha lide ukuba umthunywa wezithixo afumane indlela yokuzalisekisa lo mqathango, yaye ngokukhawuleza wabuya nengxowa ezaliswe kakuhle. Kodwa ngelo xesha, u-Athena, ukohlwaya u-Agraulo ngenxa yokubawa, wabangela ukuba idemon yomona imbambe, kwaye umphumo waba kukuba wayengenako ukucinga ngolonwabo lukadadewabo, ngoko wahlala phambi komnyango kwaye wala ukuba avumele uHermes ukuba angene.
Owazama konke ukucenga kunye nokukhohlisa ekufikeleleni kuye, kodwa wayenenkani. Ekugqibeleni, umonde wakhe waphela, wamguqula waba yinqwaba yamatye amnyama waza wasusa umqobo kumnqweno wakhe, waphumelela ukukholisa uHerse ukuba abe ngumfazi wakhe.
Amanye amabali
Iimbongi zibalisa amabali amaninzi ahlekisayo amaqhinga obutsha awawenziwa ngulo thixo ukhohlakeleyo kwabanye abantu abangafiyo. Phakathi kwabo:
- Wayenobuganga bokususa intloko kaMedusa kwikhaka lika-Athena, awayedlala ngalo kumqolo kaHephaestus.
- Kwakhona weba ibhanti lika-Aphrodite.
- Wamhlutha umkhonto wakhe uArtemis noAres.
Ezi zenzo zazisoloko zisenziwa ngobuchule obubalaseleyo, zidityaniswe noburharha obugqibeleleyo, kangangokuba kwanoothixo noothixokazi awayebacaphukisa ngolo hlobo babekulungele ukumxolela, yaye waba sisithandwa kubo bonke.
Amanye amabali anomdla ngokulinganayo apho uthixo uHermes wayekhona, ngokunxulumene nabantu abafayo okanye i-demigods, kuxelwe ukuba:
- Wakha wazenza umrhwebi wamakhoboka waza wathengisa iqhawe elinguHeracles, okanye uHercules, kukumkanikazi waseLydia.
- Kwakhona wanceda uHeracles ukubamba inja eneentloko ezintathu iCerberus evela kwi-Underworld.
- Wayesoloko enomsebenzi wokuhlangula nokunyamekela iintsana ezinjengoDionysus, uArcas, noHelen waseTroy.
- Wazenza umhambi ukuze avavanye ikhusi lomntu.
- Omnye wemisebenzi yakhe yayikukukhangela iPersephone yesithixo saseHadesi kwelabafileyo.
hermes kubugcisa
Kwi-classical kunye ne-archaic art yaseGrisi yamandulo, uHermes ubonakaliswa njengomfana ongenandevu, enesifuba esibanzi kunye nemilenze emihle kodwa enemisipha; ubuso buhle kwaye bukrelekrele, kwaye uncumo oluthandekayo lwenceba yendalo entle ludlala kwimilebe ekrolwe kakuhle.
Njengomthunywa wezithixo, uphethe iPetasus kunye neTalaria, kwaye uphethe esandleni sakhe iCaduceus okanye intonga yommemezeli. Njengothixo oliciko, ngokufuthi uboniswa amatyathanga egolide ajingayo emilebeni yakhe, ngoxa njengomxhasi wabarhwebi, ephatha ibrifkheyisi ngesandla sakhe; ukongeza kwimifanekiso yakhe eqingqiweyo naye ngamanye amaxesha wayekhatshwa ngohadi.
Usenokuthwala inkunzi yegusha enqwala indima yakhe yokuba ngumxhasi wabelusi, ngakumbi kwi-Boeotian kunye ne-Arcadian art. Ngokunxulumana kwakhe nolutsha, lo thixo wayedla ngokuboniswa ephethe usana uHercules okanye uAchilles. Kwangaxeshanye, ukunxulumana kwakhe nezorhwebo kungqinwa kwiimpawu zeDelos apho ephethe ibhegi.
Mhlawumbi owona mfanekiso udumileyo weHermes kubugcisa bamaGrike ngumfanekiso omangalisayo wePraxiteles (c. 330 BC) owakha wema kwitempile kaHera eOlympia kwaye ngoku uhlala kwimyuziyam yezinto zakudala. Lo mfanekiso webhastile wothixo uHermes nomntwana uDionysus ubonisa umfana omhle ojonge ngobubele nothando kumntwana olele engalweni yakhe, kodwa ngelishwa akukho nto iseleyo kumntwana ngaphandle kwesandla sasekunene esibekwe ngothando kuye. umkhuseli.
Hermes kwinkcubeko yangoku
Ngelixa uHermes wayengengoyena udumileyo koothixo ngenxa yegama lakhe elibi, yena kunye nemidlalo yakhe edumileyo bahlala bebonakala kwinkcubeko edumileyo. Uthixo uHermes uvele kwimizobo yale mihla yeentsomi zamaGrike, ezinje ngale:
- KwiDisney's Hercules (1997), uHermes waboniswa njengomthunywa ongumGrike obonakalayo othintela ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo.
- Umlingiswa wakhe wavakaliswa yinkokeli yeqela likaDavid Letterman uPaul Schaffer.
- Kuhlelo lwefilimu yenoveli kaRick Riordan uPercy Jackson kunye noLwandle lweMonsters, uNathan Fillion wadlala uthixo uHermes. Kwi-movie, waziswa kwakhona njenge-courier (ukuba acacise ngakumbi, njengomphathi wenkampani yokuhambisa iphakheji), owayeyi-quirky kwaye engalindelekanga, nangona ekugqibeleni wayeneenjongo ezintle.
Izixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zothixo uHermes zazisoloko zisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kwiimpawu nobuchule bakhe. Iintsiba zakhe zetempile ezinamaphiko ziye zafana nesantya nokuthembeka; Zihlala ziboniswa kwiintengiso ezahlukeneyo kunye neelogo, ezinje:
- UGoodyear wasebenzisa olu simboli ukuthengisa amatayara ayo evuselela amathemba esantya nokuthembeka.
- Uthixo uHermes ukwasetyenziswa njenge logo kwiinkonzo ezininzi zeposi zelizwe.
Mhlawumbi eyona idumileyo kubo bonke, abasebenzi bakaHermes, i-kerikeion okanye i-caduceus, abasebenzi abaphiko abaneenyoka ezijikelezileyo, yayisetyenziswa njengophawu oluqhelekileyo lweyeza kwaye yasebenza njengophawu oluphambili lweAmerican Medical Association. Umfuziselo onjalo wawuyenye imbonakaliso kaHermes, owamhlangula ekuguleni wamsa empilweni.
I-Mercury kunye neHermes
I-Mercury yayinguthixo waseRoma worhwebo kunye nenzuzo. Sifumana kukhankanywa itempile eyamiselwa yena kufuphi neCircus Maximus kwango-AC 495; kwaye kananjalo wayenetempile nomthombo ongcwele kufutshane nePorta Capena. Amandla omlingo ayebangelwa kukugqibela, kwaye kumthendeleko weMercury, owawubhiyozelwa ngoMeyi 25, yayilisiko ukuba abarhwebi bazifefe ngokwabo kunye nokuthengisa kwabo ngala manzi angcwele, ukuze bafumane inzuzo enkulu kwintengiso yabo.
IMithendeleko (ababingeleli bamaRoma ababenomsebenzi wokuba ngabagcini benkolo kawonke-wonke) abazange bavume ukuvuma ukuba uMercury ungubani noHermes, yaye yayalela ukuba aboniswe nesebe elingcwele njengomfuziselo woxolo, endaweni yeCaduceus. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha wanxulunyaniswa ngokupheleleyo nothixo wamaGrike uHermes.
Ukuba ulifumene linomdla eli nqaku lithetha ngoThixo uHermes, siyakumema ukuba uzonwabele ezi ezinye: