IDuteronomi yincwadi enomdla kakhulu yeBhayibhile ▷➡️ Postposmo

IDuteronomi yincwadi yeBhayibhile yePentatiki, ukubhalwa kwayo kunikwe uMoses elinye lamagorha okholo kwisahluko 11 sencwadi yamaHebhere yeTestamente eNtsha. Lo mbhalo weBhayibhile umela ukuhanjiswa kwesibini koMthetho kaYehova uThixo kusolusapho uMoses kubantu bakhe.

IDuteronomi

Incwadi yeDuteronomi inentsingiselo engokwembali ebaluleke kakhulu. Ekubeni imela uMthetho wesibini owanikelwa nguThixo kuMoses. ukuze kuzaliseke kubo bonke oonyana bakaSirayeli, nakwizizukulwana zabo zonke. Kodwa yayingekuko ukuba uThixo wayewuhlengahlengisa umthetho owawunikwe kwiNtaba yeSinayi. Kodwa kwakuyimfuneko ukuyikopa okanye ukuyiphinda ukuze kulungelwe izizukulwana ezitsha. Kungenxa yokuba inkoliso yabantu bakwaSirayeli ababekho kumnqophiso kaThixo kwiNtaba yeSinayi yayingasekho ngelo xesha kwimbali kaSirayeli.

UMoses kuthiwa nguye owabhala inxalenye enkulu yesi sibhalo, njengoko kubhaliwe kwiDuteronomi 1:1-5 nakwiDuteronomi 31:24 . Ukongezelela, kukwachazwa ukuba uMoses wabhala inxalenye enkulu yePentatiki. Le pentateuch yenziwe ziincwadi ezintlanu, iDuteronomi iyeyesihlanu. Nazi iincwadi ezintlanu ezizezi:

IGenesis
IEksodus
AbaLevi
Números
kunye neDuteronomi

Noko ke, ngokutsho kwabaphengululi abaninzi beBhayibhile neencwadi ezingcwele zamaYuda, zibonisa umbhali ongaziwayo, weendinyana ezithile zale ncwadi. Kubo ukungaziwa kwababhali kwakugqibezela imibhalo kaMoses, ngokwentshayelelo okanye isiqalo kunye nokuqukunjelwa kombhalo. Bona ezi ngcaphulo zilandelayo:

Duteronomi 1:1–5
IDuteronomi isahluko 34

Kwiingcali, mhlawumbi nombhali ongaziwayo usenokuba wabhala ezinye iindinyana ezincinci ngaphakathi kwincwadi yeDuteronomi.

Le ncwadi yesihlanu yepentatiki yeBhayibhile yayinabaphulaphuli okanye abamkeli bokuqala. Aba yayingabantu bakwaSirayeli ababesele beza kungena kwilizwe ledinga, ummandla wakwaKanan. Kodwa aba baphulaphuli bokuqala babenokuzinikela ekufundiseni izizukulwana ezizayo. Izizukulwana ezitsha nazo zazifanele ziwuqonde zize ziwuthobele uMthetho, njengoko ubhaliwe kwiDuteronomi 4:9 nese-4:40 .

iDuteronomi Intsingiselo yoMthetho weSibini

Igama lalo mbhalo weTestamente Endala lanikwa inguqulelo yeBhayibhile yesiGrike eyaziwa ngokuba yiSeptuagint okanye iLXX. Ukuba yingcambu yantlandlolo yegama kwisiGrike Δευτερονόμιον, yenziwe ngo-δεύτερος okanye deuteros ethetha okwesibini kunye no-νόμος okanye nomos, okhokhodansa wabo ingumthetho. Ukuguqulelwa kwisiCastilian ngoko ngokweengcambu zesiGrike kuya kuba ngumthetho wesibini.

Noko ke, kwinguqulelo yeBhayibhile yesiGrike, xa beguqulela isiHebhere besiya kwisiGrike, babonakala bephazama igama lale ncwadi ngokuthi deuteros nomos okanye umthetho wesibini. Ngokutsho kweengcali, oku kusenokuba kwakubangelwa kukungaqondwa kakuhle kwendinyana 18 yesahluko 17 semibhalo-ngqangi:

-Xa ukumkani ethatha urhulumente kwaye eqala ukulawula, uya kuyalela ukuba benze ikopi ebhaliweyo yale mfundiso, enyanisekile kwinto yokuqala egcinwe esandleni sababingeleli abangabaLevi,

Okuqinisekisa ukuba nguMthetho ofanayo, ukhutshelwe kuphela ngokunyaniseka nokuchaneka kowokuqala, kungekhona owesibini.

Ababhali besiGrike samashumi asixhenxe babeqonda ukuba ibinzana lesiHebhere elinikelwe njengekopi yalo Mthetho, lalinokuvisisana kulo Mthetho Wesibini.” Ngenxa yokuba igama lesiHebhere elithi mišnēh, lisuka kwelinye ingcambu yegama elithetha ukuguquguquka, ukuphinda kabini, ukuphindaphinda okanye ukukhutshelwa. Kule meko, i-semantics idlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu, kucingwa ukuba igama le-duality okanye ezimbini ngokuchasene nokukopa.

Ngale ndlela abaguquleli beLXX, ekubeni yayiyeyokugqibela kwimibhalo-ngqangi emihlanu yePentatiki, bacinga ukuba yayimele ibizwe ngokuba yi<em>deuteros-nomos okanye umthetho wesibini. Ukuwuthatha njengomthetho omtsha kodwa njengokwandiswa okanye ukuphindaphinda kwangaphambili. Yandula ke inguqulelo yeBhayibhile yesiLatini eyaziwa ngokuba yi<em>Vulgate, xa kwakuguqulelwa isiGrike isiya kwisiLatini, yawubiza lo mbhalo ngokuthi yiDuteronomi. Ukuvelisa emva koko kwaye kwasasazeke njengeDuteronomi phakathi kwabantu abangamaKristu.

Iintetho zikaMoses kwincwadi yeDuteronomi

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, esi sisicatshulwa esivela kwiTestamente eNdala yeBhayibhile. Lo mbhalo usuka kwiTanakh yesiHebhere okanye kwiBhayibhile yesiHebhere, enemibhalo-ngqangi yantlandlolo eyayibhalwe ngesiHebhere nesiAramiki samandulo. Yincwadi yesihlanu ebekwe emva kwencwadi yamanani, ngaloo ndlela ivala ngemibhalo engqinelana neTorah, eyiMfundiso, uMthetho okanye iMfundiso kaThixo. Le pentateuch ibumba iibhokisi ezintlanu apho imisongo yantlandlolo yesiHebhere yoMthetho wamaYuda okanye uMthetho kaMoses igcinwa khona.

Emva kwezi ndinyana, kwiibhayibhile zamaKristu iincwadi ezibizwa ngokuba yimbali ziqala, ngencwadi kaYoshuwa. Kumxholo weDuteronomi kunokufunyanwa iintetho zothando ezininzi zikaMoses ngendlela yokuba ndlela-ntle. Kwanakwisahluko 34 nesokugqibela kwesi sibhalo singqinelana nokufa nokungcwatywa kukasolusapho.

Kwincwadi yeDuteronomi sele sibona uMoses oneminyaka eyi-120 yobomi. Yena nabantu bakhe bakumda welizwe ledinga, kufutshane kakhulu nommandla wakwaMowabhi. Usolusapho omdala wayesazi ukuba umhla wokuhamba kwakhe wawusondele kakhulu. Kanye njengokuba wayesele esazi isizathu sokuba wayengayi kungena kwilizwe ledinga lobuthixo, ngenxa yokungamthobeli uThixo wakhe uYehova, bona iDuteronomi 31:2 . Ekuqonda konke oku uMoses uyaphethukela ukuze aqhubele abantu bakhe iintetho ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukubeka yonke intliziyo yakhe neemvakalelo zakhe kubo.

Ke le ncwadi ayisiyiyo nje ikopi okanye umthetho wesibini. Kodwa kwakhona uMoses wayefuna ukwenza intshumayelo yokubavalelisa kubantu bakowabo ngenjongo yokubacebisa nokubabongoza ukuba baqhubeke bethobela ngokunyanisekileyo ukuthanda kukaYehova uThixo. Ngokubanzi, iDuteronomi ibandakanya iintetho ezine, ezizezi:

Intetho yobuntombi: Ibonakaliswe ukusuka kwisahluko sokuqala ukuya IDuteronomi 4
intetho yesibini: Kuquka isahluko 5 ukusa kwesama-26
intetho yesithathu: Kule ntetho yokugqibela, uMoses uqala abongoze abantu bakhe ukuba bathobele umyalelo wokubhala uMthetho ematyeni, funda iDuteronomi: 27. Kwakhona uyalela abantu bakhe ngeentsikelelo neziqalekiso abaLevi abafanele bazibonakalise ngokusemthethweni xa bengena kwiLizwe Lesithembiso. Thembisa, funda IDuteronomi 28
Intetho yesine neyokugqibela: Leyo ndlela-ntle nequka izahluko ezisusela kwesama-29 ukusa kwesama-33

Intetho yokuvalelisa

Intetho yesine kaMoses neneemvakalelo ifuzisela indlela yakhe yaye iqalisa ngokukhumbuza abantu bakowabo ngokulunga uThixo awayebenzele kona. Wabakhumbuza ngendlela uYehova awayinyamekela ngayo le minyaka ingama-40 entlango, iimpahla zabo neembadada zabo zingagugi, Dut 29:5 . Ngoko kule ntetho kwenziwa isivumelwano phakathi koThixo nabantu bakwaSirayeli ababehlanganisene ngelo xesha.

Baxelelwa ngemiphumo yokungathobeli, nethuba lokuba uThixo uza kubabuyisela abantu bakhe emva kokuguquka ngokunyanisekileyo. Benziwa ukuba babone iindlela ezimbini ezikhoyo, ubomi nokufa; intsikelelo nesiqalekiso. Ebabongoza ukuba basoloko bekhetha eyona ndlela ilungileyo, eyindlela yokuthobela uThixo, obubomi. UThixo omthandayo, oliva ilizwi lakhe, enamathele kuye, kuba oku kufanekisela ukwandiswa kwemihla yakhe kwilizwe ledinga, IDuteronomi 30: 19 - 20.

Amazwi Okugqibela kaMoses

Amazwi okugqibela kaMoses kubantu bakhe akhuthaza ukuba bawele iYordan baze bathabathe ilizwe elo uThixo awalibonisayo njengesithembiso kubantu bakwaSirayeli. Uyababongoza ukuba bomelele bangoyiki kuba uThixo wabo uya kuhamba nabo. Emva kokukhuthaza uYoshuwa ngamazwi afanayo, uMoses wenza iingongoma ezithile:

Umyalelo wokuba qho emva kweminyaka esixhenxe kuqulunqwe indibano yokufundwa yomthetho kaThixo phambi kwamadoda, nabafazi, nabantwana, nabasemzini abahlala ezixekweni zabo.
Ubenza baqonde isiprofeto sokuvukela kukaSirayeli, iDuteronomi 31
UMoses uhlanganisa ibandla ukuze alichazele ingoma echazwe nguThixo
Wandula ke udanduluke esithi kubo: “Vuyani, nigcobe neentlanga ndawonye nabantu bakho;
UMoses uthi ndlela-ntle evakalisa intsikelelo kuzo zonke izizwe zakwaSirayeli, iDuteronomi 32 no-33.

IDuteronomi 20 – Imithetho yeMfazwe

Incwadi yesihlanu kaMoses, ukongezelela ekuquletheni iintetho ezine zikasolusapho, ikwanikela nemithetho yemfazwe. Le mithetho iyimiyalelo evela kuThixo yokwalathisa abantu bakhe, ngokuphathelele ihambo efanelekileyo abafanele bayilandele koko kubizwa ngokuba ziimfazwe eziNgcwele. Simele sikhumbule ukuba ngelo xesha amaSirayeli ayekwiphulo lokuloyisa ilizwe elalithenjiswe nguThixo. Nangona uYehova uThixo wayeya kubakho ngalo lonke ixesha kunye noSirayeli ukuze awanike uloyiso. USirayeli kwakufuneka azalisekise kwaye athobele uMthetho owawumiswe nguye.” Imithetho yemfazwe ifumaneka kwisahluko sama-20 sesicatshulwa ukusuka kwivesi yokuqala ukuya kwivesi ye-1.

Izixhobo

Eyona nkalo iphambili yale ncwadi kukugxininisa kukaMoses ekuboniseni uYehova njengokuphela koThixo owongamileyo nowendalo iphela kuzo zonke iintlanga. Esi sibhalo sibeka uYehova uThixo ngokuchasene nabo bonke abanye oothixo, kunye nothando lwakhe lomnqophiso ngabantu Bakhe. Abantu bakwaSirayeli bangumzekelo kuzo zonke iintlanga.

Imiyalelo inikelwa nguYehova ngengcwele okanye indawo engcwele awayemele kunqulwe kuyo. Ukongezelela, ukuxhalabela kukaThixo ukuphunyezwa kokusesikweni nokomelezwa kobuntu bakhe kubonakala. Kwakhona uYehova unika uSirayeli izinto ezimbini awayenokukhetha kuzo ngokuphathelele iintsikelelo ezifumaneka ngokuthobela neziqalekiso okanye iingozi zokungathobeli.

KwiDuteronomi, amaSirayeli ajamelana neengozi, izilingo nokungaqiniseki. Kodwa ke banikwa izithembiso, ithemba nokuzithemba. Benziwa babone ngeendinyana zabo imfuneko yokuxhomekeka kuThixo. Olo kholo kunye nokuthembela kufuneka kuhlale kusebenza ngobudlelwane obuphilayo kunye nobomntu kunye nomdali. Kwesi sicatshulwa kuboniswa iinkalo ezininzi okanye iimpawu zoThixo wethu:

Ifumaneka kwiDuteronomi 4:7
Ngonaphakade Dut 33:27
Uthembekile Dut 7:9
IDut 5:24 ezukileyo, Dut 28:58
Umona Duteronomi 4:24
Nje Dut 4:8, Dut 10:17; Dut 32:4
Ukuthanda uDut 7: 7 - 8, Dut 7: 13, Dut 10: 15, 10: 18, Dut 23: 5
Inceba 4:31, Dut 32:43
IDut 3:24 enamandla, Dut 32:39
Zizalise izithembiso Dut 1:11
UMboneleli Dt 8: 2, Dut 8: 15 - 16, Dut 8: 18
Yinyaniso kwiDuteronomi 32:4
Akukho wumbi ulingana neDt 4:35, Dut 33:26
UThixo mnye kwiDt 4: 32 – 35, Dut 4: 39 – 40, Dut 6:4, 5; 32:39

Umbutho wombhalo

Indlela eyakhiwe ngayo iDuteronomi isekelwe kumxholo oyintloko othi uYehova uThixo noKumkani uyabathanda abantu bakhe. Uthando lubonakala kwimithetho esiyinikwa nguThixo ukuze senze kakuhle ebomini bethu. Ukuba ngoko ivesi ephambili yesi sicatshulwa:

Duteronomi 6:4–5

4 Yiva, Sirayeli, uYehova mnye, nguThixo wethu;
5 Uze uyithande ke iNkosi uThixo wakho ngentliziyo yakho iphela, nangomphefumlo wakho uphela, nangamandla akho ephela.

Umxholo ophambili wesicatshulwa uphuhliswe kumacandelo amane abalulekileyo kwaye la wona ahlulwe ngokweminye imixholwana. Isicatshulwa sicwangciswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1:1 Intshayelelo

isikhumbuzo samaSirayeli

1:9 Abagwebi neentlola
2:1 Iminyaka entlango
3:1 Iimfazwe zokuqala
4:1 umnqophiso kaThixo

Ukuchazwa koMthetho

5:1 Imithetho nentobeko
7:1 Ukuzilungiselela kwaKanan
8:1 Ilizwe elihle lokuhluthwa
9:1 ukunyaniseka, ukreqo, nomnqophiso
11:1 UYehova nelizwe ledinga
12:1 Ingcwele nemithetho
15:1 Uxolelo nemithetho
16:1 Imithendeleko yoNyaka
16:18 Ubulungisa abaLevi nomprofeti
19:1 Izixeko zokusabela nemithetho
21:1 Imithetho eyahlukahlukeneyo
IDuteronomi 22: Imithetho yobunyulu, ukukrexeza nohenyuzo
23:1 Ibandla nemithetho
26:1 Iintlahlela nezishumi

intsikelelo nesiqalekiso

27:1 Uqalekisa iNtaba ye-Ebhali
28:1 iintsikelelo neziqalekiso
29:1 Umnqophiso kwaMowabhi

Xabiso

30:1 Iimeko zentsikelelo
31:1 UYoshuwa owangena ezihlangwini zikaMoses
31:30 Ingoma kaMoses
33:1 UMoses wazisikelela izizwe ezilishumi elinazibini
34:1 Ukufa kukaMoses

Ubume nentsingiselo yonqulo yeDuteronomi

Ubume okanye uhlobo lwale ncwadi ngokuyintloko lunqulo lwembali, apho kusekwe isivumelwano phakathi koThixo njengoKumkani oPhakamileyo nabantu bakhe. Esi sivumelwano siquka imiyalelo, iingcebiso, izithembiso nezilumkiso (IDuteronomi 11: 8 – 32), ithemba kunye nelizwe ledinga.

Ngoko esona sizathu siphambili sokubhalwa kwesi sibhalo kukumiselwa komnqophiso kanye ngaphambi kokungena kwilizwe uThixo awayelithembise uSirayeli. Ikholwa likwakhunjuzwa ngako konke uThixo abenzele abantu bakhe, ukuze abakhuthaze ukuba babe nokholo, ithemba, ithemba kwaye baphile ubomi bokuzinikela ngokupheleleyo kuThixo.

Incwadi yeDuteronomi nayo inemvelaphi ebaluleke kakhulu kuMkristu kwaye yeyokuba uYesu Krestu uyabhengezwa bona iDuteronomi 18:15. Kwakhona uYesu uqinisekisa kwitestamente entsha ubunyaniso bencwadi yesihlanu kaMoses, funda uMateyu 4:4 noMarko 12:30 . Nkqu neDuteronomi yenye yeencwadi ezi-4 ekubhekiselwa kuzo kwiTestamente eNtsha, kunye neGenesis, uIsaya kunye neeNdumiso.

Ubabalo noxolo malube nani, nokuba kuhle kangakanani na ukuthobela umyalelo kaMoses namhlanje; ngokuba akaphili ngasonka sodwa umntu, uphila ngamazwi onke aphuma emlonyeni kaYehova (Duteronomi 8:1-10). ) ( Mat 4:4 ). Siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke kunye nathi ngokufunda la manqaku alandelayo entsikelelo enkulu ebomini bakho: