Kwiindawo zendalo eChile ezinotyelelo oluninzi lufumaneka Intlango yaseAtacama indawo ebizwa ngokubanzi ngokuba yeyona ntlango yomileyo emhlabeni, nangona kunjalo oku kubonakala kuyimpazamo. Siza kuthetha ngemozulu yayo ukuze sichukumise loo ndawo, izityalo zayo, izilwanyana kunye nezinye iindawo zabakhenkethi ezikuyo ukubatyelela.
Intlango yaseAtacama eChile
Le ntlango ithathwa ngokuba "yeyona yome kakhulu emhlabeni" kwaye ikwilizwe laseLatin America: eChile, ukusuka emantla ukuya emantla eCoquimbo, eArica, eAntofogasta, eAtacama, eParinacota naseTarapacá, enomda osentshona kunye noLwandlekazi lwePasifiki kunye nokuya. impuma ne-Cordillera de los Andes eyaziwayo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo le mimandla kuqikelelwa ukuba inommandla ongaphezu kwe-105.000 yeekhilomitha ze-square, yolula i-1600 yeekhilomitha ubude kunye ne-180 yeekhilomitha ububanzi kwindawo yayo ephezulu.
Ngapha koko, eminye imimandla inokuqwalaselwa ngaphakathi kwemida yale ntlango, umzekelo indawo eselunxwemeni lwasePeru, iPuna de Atacama kunye nethambeka elingasempuma lodederhu lweentaba zeAndes kumazantsi-ntshona eBolivia nakumantla ntshona eArgentina. . .
Yintlango ebonakala ngobungakanani bayo, ububhanxa bayo, iindawo zayo eziphakamileyo, ubudlelwane bayo neenkwenkwezi (iinkwenkwezi kunye namakroza) kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo ezifumaneka njenge-oases, iiflethi zetyuwa okanye ii-lagoons ezinombala wazo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kwiindawo ezikhangayo ezinokuthi zifumaneke eChile, le ntlango yenye yezona ndawo zixhaphakileyo.Ekupheleni kwesi sithuba, ezinye iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokutyelela xa usiya kule ntlango ziya kuboniswa.
Le yintlango apho kwenziwa khona izifundo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi, iindawo ezininzi phakathi kwayo ziindawo ezibonwa kuzo iinkwenkwezi namakroza. Oku kungenxa yokuba inobude obufanelekileyo ngokubhekiselele kulwandle ukwenza ukujonga okulungileyo, ngaphandle kobukho bamafu kwaye ngaphandle kongcoliseko lokukhanya. Ukongeza koku, ihlala ezininzi Iintlobo zeentaka.
Oku akuthethi nje ukuba abakhenkethi bajonga isibhakabhaka naphi na ngoncedo lwezixhobo zokujonga, kukho iindawo ezininzi zokujonga kule ntlango njengeLa Silla, iAtacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, iParanal Observatory, phakathi kwezinye. Ukongeza, ezi azisebenzeli kuphela ukubonelela ngamava abakhenkethi angakholelekiyo okanye ukwenza uphando, ezinye zicwangciselwe ukwakhiwa, njengeGian Magellan Telescope okanye iLarge Synoptic Survey Telescope.
Ayipheleli nje ekujongeni iinkwenkwezi rhoqo kule ntlango, imidlalo egqithisileyo inokuqhutywa apho abadlali abavela kwihlabathi liphela beze kwiintshatsheli eziye zabanjwa kuyo, umzekelo iDakar Rally Series ebibanjelwe kuloo ntlango ukusukela ngo-2009 ukuya. 2015. Ngokufanayo, i-Atacama Solar Race yahlelwa kunye neenqwelo zelanga ezihamba ngeToconao, Calama, Iquique, Antofagasta kunye nezinye iindawo, le nto yinto ekhethekileyo kuyo yonke iLatin America.
Yayilwa njani?
Ngokuphathelele imvelaphi yale ntlango, kukholelwa ukuba ngaphambi kokuba ibe yintlango yayisisiqabu esingaphantsi kwamanzi, esasiza kuba yiminyaka ezizigidi ezithathu eyadlulayo, emva kwempembelelo kaFohn eyachaphazela udederhu lweentaba zeAndes ngokukhupha imvula kwezinye iindawo zentaba.
Konke oku kuyinkqubo engabandakanyi kuphela umsebenzi wamafu adlula kule ndawo, kodwa kunye nomsinga wamanzi ofikelela entlango. Ukongeza koko, uhlobo lomphezulu onalo nalo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni kwale ntlango.
Historia
Ngokubhekiselele kwimbali emva kwale ntlango, kunokubonwa ukuba kukho abantu beentlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo, abantu baseYurophu bahlala kwimihlaba yabo ixesha elithile, ukongeza kumaqela athile ezizwe ezinjengeenkawu, iicoles, ii-aurochs kunye ne-Inca. ubukhosi. Emva koko kwakunokwenzeka ukubona ukuba yintoni eya kuba yimisebenzi yemigodi (eyayiphakathi kwe-12.000 kunye ne-10 iminyaka).
Ngokuphathelele ingxabano ngalo mmandla, amanye amaxwebhu ayibeka njengendawo yaseBolivia ngo-1866 no-1874, nangona kunjalo kwakukho iingxabano ezijikeleze le ntlango xa izenzo zomkhosi zathatyathwa ngokuchasene neBolivia, kamva (ngo-1873) iChile yabhengeza imfazwe ePeru naseBolivia, ingxabano. ebizwa ngokuba yiMfazwe yePasifiki eyaqhubeka de kwangowe-1884 emva kokoyisa kweChile.
Emva koko, esi sizwe sahlala sinemimandla emininzi efana naleyo ngelo xesha yayibizwa ngokuba "yiSebe laseBolivia leLitoral, isebe lasePeruvia laseTarapacá kunye nephondo lasePeruvia lase-Árica" phakathi kwabo kwakukho le ntlango. Ukusukela ngoko iChile igcina isizinda sayo kule mihlaba.
sezulu
Ukuqwalaselwa njengeyona ntlango yomileyo emhlabeni ayichanekanga, endaweni yeentlambo ezomileyo ezise-Antarctica, kule ntlango kunokwenzeka ukubona imvula rhoqo emva kweminyaka eyi-15 okanye engama-40, nokuba ixesha elininzi lirekhodiwe iminyaka engama-400 ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na into. imvula embindini wayo wonke. Into enomdla kukuba kwiinyanga zikaJanuwari noFebruwari lo mmandla usembindini wentlango uchatshazelwa yinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"altiplano winter" apho kukho iimvula eziye zibenezaqhwithi zombane.
Ubushushu ebusuku bunokufikelela kwi-25 degrees C kwaye emini banokufikelela kwi-25 kunye ne-50 C ° emthunzini. Iqondo lobushushu ngokwamaxesha onyaka libonisa ukuba ehlotyeni lisuka kwi-4 ukuya kwi-10 C°. Ukusuka kwabanye unokubona imimoya ngendlela yenkanyamba okanye iiblizzards ezifikelela kwiikhilomitha ezili-100 ngeyure, emini emaqanda.
Flora
Ngokuphathelele iintyatyambo ezinokubonwa kule ecosystem, kukho i-cacti yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kuba kukho iindawo ezinamanzi amakhulu ngokwentelekiso, unokubona iindidi ezifana nepike, imatilla okanye i-emerald. Iintyatyambo ezikhula ngokubulela kumachibi afumaneka kule ntlango yi<em>llareta, iindiza zasendle, itamarugo, umthi omhlophe wecarob, ingca yesalda, amatyholo afana necahiyuyo, ibreas nezinye ezingekaqinisekiswa.
izilwanyana
Ngokunxulumene Izilwanyana zasentlango, kuyenzeka ukubona iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentaka kunye nezinye iintlobo zeentlobo ezinje: iingcungcu, amahobe kunye namahobe, iimpungutye, iimpungutye zePatagonian ezingwevu, i-guanacos, izikhova, i-paulina lizards, i-tamarugo comeebo, i-diuca, i-curly toad, ezine. -eyeed toad, phakathi kwabanye. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ukuphakama kwale ntlango kunye neemeko zayo zemozulu kunciphisa ithuba lokufumana iintlobo ezininzi zeentlobo ezihlala kuyo.
Iindawo zabakhenkethi ukutyelela entlango
Le ntlango ngummandla omkhulu oquka iindawo ezininzi zabakhenkethi ezifanelekileyo zokundwendwela kuhambo lwe-adventure, ezinye zeendawo zokundwendwela zezi zilandelayo:
Tatio Geyser
Kumantla eSan Pedro de Ataca unokufumana intsimi yeegiza ezithathwa njengezona zikhulu emhlabeni, ungabona indlela i-fumaroles yayo iphuma ngayo emhlabeni xa i-80 degrees C idlulile, oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-6 okanye 7 am, ngumboniso owenza ukuba ibe yenye yeendawo ezityelelwa kakhulu ngabakhenkethi.
Kuyimfuneko ukuba kugcinwe umgama okhuselekileyo kwezi geyza, ukwenzela ukuba ii-emanations ezizikhuphayo zingaphefumlelwanga, ukongezelela koko, ukunxiba iimpahla ezibonelela ngekhusi kulungele ukuxhathisa ubushushu kunye nomlinganiselo wokhuseleko. Ezi zezinye zezilumkiso ezininzi ekucetyiswa ukuba zithathwe xa undwendwela le geyser, kunye naxa undwendwela igiza emhlophe ekunokufikelelwa kuyo emva kokuhamba iikhilomitha ezintlanu ukusuka eTatio.
kwichibi le-cejar
Amachibi kule ntlango luphawu olungangeni phantsi kwetafile xa undwendwelo lwabakhenkethi kule ndawo lucetywayo, ke i-cejar lagoon iyacetyiswa, ebekwe emazantsi eSan Pedro de. Atacama malunga neekhilomitha ezintlanu ukusuka apho.
La machweba anobuchwephesha bokuba unokudada emanzini awo e-emerald blue kumgangatho ongaphezulu kunoko kunokufumaneka kuLwandle oluFileyo. Ukongeza kuloo nto, ijikelezwe luluhlu lweentaba zeAndes, ngoko umbono unomtsalane kubakhenkethi. Ukunyanzeliswa kweli nqanaba lokutyelela kukugqoka izicathulo zokuhlamba okanye iimbadada ukuphepha ukusikwa kwimida ye-lagoon.
Chaxa Lagoon
Eli chibi liphakathi kwezona zihanjelwa kakhulu kuba likhaya leentlobo ngeentlobo zeentaka, eziquka iiflamingo, kwakunye nezinye iindidi zendalo zale ndawo.Umkhenkethisi kweli chibi unokuphendula umbuzo othi ¿kutheni iiflamingo zipinki? . Imi kwiSalar de Atacama malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-50 ukusuka eSan Pedro de Atacama, ineendawo ezinodaka kodwa amanzi ayo awekho nzulu kakhulu.
Uyakwazi ukubona iintlobo ngeentlobo zemizekelo yeentlobo ngeentlobo zeentaka, nangona kunjalo ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana azijongwa rhoqo kuba ayisiyondawo enemvula ngamaxesha afana nehlobo, unokubona kuphela iparina encinci, enkulu, impungutye. culpeo, impuku yomnquma, ezinye izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo kunye neflamingo yaseChile. Isincomo kukutyelela eli chibi kwinkampani yesikhokelo esinokuchaza iimpawu zohlobo ngalunye.
Amanye amachibi acetyiswayo ukuba atyelelwe yiMiñique kunye neMiscanti, engekho ngaphezu kwe-4000 yeemitha ukuphakama, apho unokubona umhlaba onama-vicuñas kunye namanzi aluhlaza anika amava amnandi kakhulu.
San Pedro de Atacama
Le yindibano ekwiphondo lase-El Loa, ijikelezwe ngumlambo i-San Pedro de Atacama kwaye yaziwa ngokuba lisango lokungena kwintlango ye-Atacama, le yeyona ndawo iphambili yabakhenkethi kule ndawo, usuka apho usiya ngasentlango. ezinye iidolophu ezisentlango, nangona indlela esuka kwenye indawo yokuqalisa ayithintelwanga. Inani labantu abahlala eSan Pedro de Atacama alizange lifikelele kwi-260 ngonyaka we-2018, ngoko uqoqosho lwayo alukho nzima okanye luphuhlisiwe.
Phakathi kweendawo zayo zabakhenkethi ungabona iCawe yaseSan Pedro, eyenzelwe amakholwa ngumbono obonakalayo owakhiwa ngo-1744 nangona babenokulungiswa ngo-1839. Unako kwakhona ukubona i-Archaeological Museum equlethe izinto zemveli ezivela kwizizwe zaseChile. Kukho iigiza zeTatio ezikumgama oziikhilomitha ezi-0 ukuya emantla, kunye nodederhu lweentaba zeTyuwa, iNtlambo yeNyanga, iPuritama Hot Springs, idolophana yaseTulor, iflethi yetyuwa yeAtacama kunye ne-ALMA yokuqwalasela ngeenkwenkwezi.
Intlambo yaseCatarpe
Le ntlambo inokufumaneka ngokuhamba ngeekhilomitha ezintlanu ukusuka kumntla weSan Pedro de Atacama, into enomdla malunga nale ndawo kukuba i-Inca yakha yakha iziko lolawulo. I-acatameño malunga nale ntlambo inika le nkcazo ilandelayo:
«ICatarpe yintlambo ephakathi kwempazamo eSan Pedro de Atacama, ukusuka apha sinokujonga iintlobo zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezinjengemithi yecarob, i-chañares, iipepile, imisila yempungutye, iMoray Eagle, ikati yasentla phakathi kwezinye. Ukongeza, i-terrace fluvial iyacandwa apho umlambo "iSan Pedro" udlula khona.
Intlambo yenyanga
Le ntlambo yesibini ebizwa ngokuba “yingcwele yendalo” ikwintlango ekwiikhilomitha ezili-13 ngasentshona yeSan Pedro de Atacama. Ukongezelela kwelo gama, le ntlambo iyinxalenye yeNational Flamingo Reserve. Kucingelwa ukuba ngaphambili (kwiXesha Eliphezulu) idike elikhulu kakhulu okanye into eya kuba lulwandle olungaphakathi emhlabeni lwafunyanwa kuloo ndawo.
Inomtsalane kakhulu kubakhenkethi ngenxa yeenduli zayo ezinamanqaku emhlabeni kunye neenduli ezingwevu kunye ne-ocher efana neNyanga. Awuyi kufumana ngaphezu kwamacikilishe kaFabián kunye nendawo ezolileyo ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo eyenza ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yokubukela iinkwenkwezi okanye ukutshona kwelanga ukuba undwendwela emva kwemini.
IDeath Valley
Kancinci kufutshane neNtlambo yeNyanga yiNtlambo yeMars okanye ukufa, ebonakala ngokumila kwamatye kunye nokufana kwayo nentaba, abakhenkethi bahlala beqhelanisa ne-sandboarding xa befika kwi-Great Dune, ngoko ke yingcebiso kule ndawo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ayinazo iindlela ezidlulayo zezithuthi ngenxa yobuninzi besanti indawo enayo.
Ukongeza kwintlambo yokufa, kucetyiswa ukuba undwendwele intlambo yomnyama kunye nentaba-mlilo yaseLasar, eyokuqala kwabo bakhankanyiweyo inelo gama ngenxa yenani lemibala enokufumaneka kwiinduli zayo, ukufumana imibala efana ne-ocher, emnyama. , kunye ne-violet., ikofu, phakathi kwabanye.