Minyaka le, iinyamakazi zifuduka amawaka eekhilomitha ngexesha lokutshintsha kwamaxesha onyaka, nto leyo eyenza ibe yeyona ndlela inde yokufuduka komhlaba embalini. Kodwa ngaba uyazi ngokwenene apho avela khona?
IiCaribou yimihlambi emikhulu yamaxhama ahlala kumathafa abandayo ase-Eurasia nakumantla oMntla Merika (apho ibizwa ngokuba yicaribou). Itya ingca, ubulembu, i-lichens, i-birch kunye nexolo lomngcunube.
Kolu didi, ngumzekelo kuphela phakathi kwamaxhama, iimazi nazo zineempondo ezincinci kuneenkunzi, ezitshintsha unyaka nonyaka. Iinyamakazi zineempuphu ezibanzi kakhulu nezithe qelele ezizivumela ukuba zihambe lula phezu kwekhephu nemigxobhozo. Izandi zeempawu ezenziwa yi-reindeer xa zihamba azikho ngenxa yeempondo zazo, njengoko bekucingelwa ngaphambili, kodwa kunokushukuma kwemisipha yazo.
Iinyamakazi zisinda njani kubanda kakhulu?
Iinyamakazi ziphuhlise uhlengahlengiso oluthile ukuze ziphile kwindawo ezibandayo nezisoloko zingenabume. Iimpondo zolule kakuhle kwaye imilenze yayo yomelele. ngoko banokugcina ulungelelwano lwabo naxa behamba imigama emide ekhephini.
Yintoni ikharibou?
Igama elithi "Caribou" lelinye lamagama eyaziwa ngawo inyamakazi; igama lezenzululwazi nguRangifer tarandus. Uhlobo lweRangifer lubandakanya iindidi ezininzi zeenyamakazi isasazeke kumazwekazi ahlukeneyo. Ubungakanani obunyanzelisayo yenye yeempawu ezahlula iindidi ezahlukeneyo.
Zifumaneka phi iicaribou?
Uninzi lwezi zilwanyana arctic bahlala kwi-tundra esemantla okanye kwiziqithi ze-arctic ngaphezu komgca womthi. Imizekelo emininzi inokufumaneka naseFinland naseSiberia. Aba bamva baziwa ngokuba ziinyamakazi zehlathi kwaye bachitha ubomi babo bonke ehlathini.
Kodwa zisinda njani iinyamakazi?
Baziqhelanise nokuphila kolu hlobo lwemekobume. Baneempawu ezithile ezibenza bahluke kwaye zibavumela ukuba baxhathise la maqondo abandayo e-tundra:
- uboya obukhulu
- iimpuphu ezigqabhukileyo
- iimpumlo ezibanzi, ezishushu
- umboniso wokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet
Kodwa makhe sibone ngokweenkcukacha:
Uboya
Uboya obugqume ezi zidalwa zinemilenze emine inemithunzi emnyama emnyama, engwevu namhlophe kwaye yenye yezona zifudumeleyo ezikhoyo, kuba ibamba umoya kwaye ibeka umzimba ngaphandle kwehlabathi.
Este ininzi kakhulu kuwo wonke umzimba, kodwa ngokukodwa kummandla wentamo, okwenza kube ngathi banxibe iinwele ezinde okanye isikhafu entanyeni.
Iimpuphu zakhe ezinkulu
Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kukuba, njengomzala wayo okude inkamela, iimpuphu zinokwandiswa ukufumana ngcono ikhephu elitsha endaweni yokutshona, kwaye unezona zityalo zinkulu onokuthi uthembele kuzo (njengenkamela engatshoni kwintlabathi yasentlango). Ukongezelela, iipads phantsi kweenyawo zithambile ukuqinisekisa ukubamba kakuhle engceni.
Noko ke, njengoko ingqele isiya iphawuleka ngakumbi, ziye zikwazi ukufinyeza iinzipho ezisecaleni, zinciphisa ubukhulu bazo ukuze zityhale ukuze zenze umhlaba omkhenkce nekhephu eliqina ngakumbi.
Iimpumlo ezitshintsha ubungakanani
Kwiindawo ezihlala iinyamakazi, ukuphefumla kuyingxaki kuba umoya obandayo ungena emiphungeni uze upholise umzimba ngokukhawuleza, kodwa iinyamakazi nazo zilungiselelwa oko. Iimpumlo zabo zinemingxuma yeempumlo ebizwa ngokuba zii-turbinates, ezivumela ukuba zilawule ubungakanani bazo ukuze zikwazi ukuhluza ngcono umoya obandayo.. Ngoko banokuphefumla ngaphandle kokupholisa imiphunga kwaye bagcine umzimba ushushu.
Umbono ongenakoyiswa
Ungayitsho loo nto inombono ongaqhelekanga, ekubeni ikuphela kwezilwanyana ezanyisayo emhlabeni ezikwaziyo ukubona ukukhanya kweultraviolet. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu kubo kwiindawo ezibandayo kunye ne-arctic kuba kubavumela ukuba babone izinto ababengenakuzibona ngaphandle kobu buchule. Umntu akakwazi ukubona into enye nenyamakazi.
Ngaba loo nto ayisenzi zizidalwa ezinomtsalane?
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zenyamakazi
Iimazi zidla ngokuphila ixesha elide kuneenkunzi, njengakwizilwanyana ezininzi. Kwaye inkunzi inkulu ngokobungakanani. Oku awohlukanga phantse kuzo zonke iindidi zezilwanyana zasemhlabeni.
Inomdla kwaye ukuba ubukhulu benyamakazi buyohluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ezazalelwa kuyo. Iinyamakazi ezihlala kwizibanzi ezisemazantsi zinkulu kunezo zihlala emantla. Iinkunzi, njengoko siphawulile, zikhulu kunemazi, kwaye zihlala zi malunga ne-150-120 cm ubude kwaye zinobunzima phakathi kwe-60 kunye ne-318 kilos.
Zineempondo ezinamagatsha (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-antlers) nazo ziyahluka ukusuka kwi-specimen ukuya kwi-specimen. Ngaphezu koko, awusoze ufumane iinyamakazi ezimbini ezineempondo ezifanayo, nangona kubonakala kunzima ukukholelwa.
Izilwanyana ekufuneka baphulukane nazo xa bejongene nazo
Iinyamakazi zihlala zinamandla kwaye akukho nasiphi na isilwanyana esinokuzibetha, nangona kunjalo, ukuba badibana neebhere okanye iingcuka ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuphelelwa. Kodwa abapheleli nje ekubeni bajongane neengozi ezinkulu ezisuka kwizilo ezikhulu okanye ezinoburhalarhume kunabo, kodwa banesinye isongelo... Abayi kujongana nenyamakazi epheleleyo. Noko ke, amantshontsho enyamakazi adla ngokulandela unina kwisithuba nje seeyure ezelwe, nto leyo ebenza babe lixhoba elinzima. Kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba kwiinyanga nje zibaleka kwaye zizondla.
Kwaye batya ntoni? Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke i-lichen enokuyifumana phantsi kwekhephu, kodwa iphinda idle amagqabi emithi kunye nengca, eziyifumana ngokulula ngenxa yokuqonda kwazo okukhulu.
Ngokuqhelekileyo bahlala kwimihlambiAyizozilwanyana zodwa kodwa ziyathanda ukuhlala ngokwamaqela. Yaye nangona sinenkolelo yokuba zinokudanjiswa, inkolelo ephawulwa ngokuyinxenye ngumfanekiso kaSanta Claus kunye nenyamakazi, sinokuthi zizilwanyana ezifuywayo. Oko kukuthi, zingasetyenziselwa ukutsala iiPulks, ezizileyi zaseScandinavia esizibone kwiimuvi zikaSanta Claus, kodwa asiyi kukwazi ukubanika imiyalelo ngokungathi bayinja.
Ingxaki yokutshintsha kwemozulu
Ngelishwa, kukho iisampulu zenyamakazi ezimbalwa nezimbalwa ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngaphezu koko, kukho iindidi ezininzi zeenyamakazi ezingasekhoyo.
Zinjani iinyamakazi
IiReindeer sesinye sezilwanyana ezimbalwa eMhlabeni ezikwaziyo ukufuduka ixesha elide. Xa sisithi mde kakhulu sithetha i-5000 km ngonyaka, nto leyo ethethwa kungekudala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa kufika intwasahlobo okanye ukwindla, i<em>Reindeer isuka kwindawo ye-arctic ukuze ifumane ingqele encinane isiya kumadlelo ashushu. Zenziwa ukuba zimelane namaqondo aphantsi, kodwa zinemida yazo. Kwaye enye into ekhethekileyo sisantya abanokuthi bahambe ngaso: 80 km/h.
Xa ixesha lokuzala lifika, lixesha lokuwagcina amandla, ngoko ke iinkunzi ziyayeka ukutya kwaye zizinikele ekoyiseni iimazi kuphela. Ngamnye wabo woyisa malunga ne-5 okanye i-15 yabasetyhini, kwaye kufuneka alwe nabanye abantu abangamadoda malunga noloyiso ngalunye ... yiloo nto bafuna amandla amaninzi.. Kunokuthiwa lo msebenzi wokukhwelana ophazamisayo ubashiya bediniwe kwaye begcwele amanxeba, kodwa banelisekile.
Iimazi ziqhele ukuzala kanye ngonyaka.. Kwaye iinyamakazi ezincinci zizalwa zinobunzima obumalunga ne-3 ukuya kwi-12 kilos, kodwa zikhawuleza zityebe kuba kwimizuzu embalwa emva kokuzalwa ziqala ukuncanca, ngeyure enye sele zikwazi ukuzixhasa ngemilenze yazo kwaye zilandele unina ezinyaweni zabo, kwaye kwinyanga nje enye ubudala banokudla yedwa.
Ngaphambi kokuba siphawule ukuba iimazi zaziphila ixesha elide, kodwa uyazi ukuba ixesha elide kangakanani? Inkunzi idla ngokuphila malunga neminyaka emi-5 okanye ngaphantsi, ngokungafaniyo neemazi ezinokuphila ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eli-15.
Zitya ntoni iinyamakazi?
Ukutya kwenyamakazi kuxhomekeke kancinci kwixesha lonyaka ezikuyo. Ehlotyeni zikholisa ukutya ingca, amagqabi emithi, ubulembu, amakhowa, ingca kunye neeferns ngakumbi.. Ebusika kunzima kakhulu ukufumana ukutya ukuze baphile kwi-moss kunye ne-lichen, ngakumbi le yokugqibela. Kufuneka kuthiwe nangona oku kukutya okuphambili kwe-reindeer kunokwahluka, umzekelo, kukho ezinye ezitya i-lemmings, amaqanda entaka kunye ne-salins kwiimeko ezithile, kodwa akuqhelekanga.
Inyamakazi nendoda
Kangangeminyaka emininzi umntu ebesondela kwesi silwanyana ezama ukusifuya. Akothusi Sisilwanyana esinamandla, esitya utyani kwaye sixhathisa kakhulu. Yaye ikwasebenza njengokutya kwabantu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Abantu babengazibulaleli nje ngenxa yenyama okanye ubisi lwazo kodwa kwanezikhumba, iimpondo namathambo abo, ababesenza ngazo iimpahla nezixhobo zokusebenza.
Yintoni eyahlukileyo ngekharibou nenyamakazi?
Yintlobo enye yezilwanyana ezanyisayo kodwa i-reindeer, njengoko sisazi kakuhle, yinyamakazi ekwazile ukufuywa ukuba ithwale iipulks.. Nangona kunjalo, i-caribou, igama eliphuma kwigama elithi Mi'kmaq Qalipu (elibizwa ngokuba yi-hal-lay-boo ) kwaye elithetha "ikhephu lomhlakulo", yinyamakazi eneempuphu ezibanzi, ngaphezu kwe-reindeer.
Iimpondo, azikho izinto ezimbini ezifanayo
iimpondo zenyamakazi Ngamathambo akhula entloko unyaka nonyaka, oko kukuthi, minyaka yonke ziyawa kwaye ezintsha ziphuma. Xa ziwa, akuthathi ixesha elide ukuba zikhule ezintsha, suku ngalunye zikhula zibe yi-2 cm. Olu phawu lukwakhethekile phakathi kwezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Kwaye kwakhona, i-indeer nganye ineempondo ngendlela, ehlala yahlukile kuzo naziphi na ezinye iinyamakazi. Azikho iinyamakazi ezimbini ezinemilo efanayo yeempondo.
Iimpondo zazo zingumthombo omkhulu wokutya kwezinye izilwanyana.
Iimpondo ezihlaziywa minyaka le neziwayo azilityalwa. Kukutya okutyebileyo kwi-calcium kunye neeminerali ukuba ezinye izilwanyana ezifana ne-rheoids, phakathi kwezinye, ziyazi ukuba ziyithatha njani inzuzo.
Ubisi lwe-reindeer luthathwa njengolona bisi lunesondlo olukhoyo kwiplanethi yethu.
Ubisi lweReindeer luthathwa njengolona bisi luxineneyo kuzo zonke zobisi ezanyisayo emhlabeni. Inepesenti ephezulu yamafutha (22%) kunye neprotheyini (10%). Ukuba sithelekisa, umzekelo, amanqatha obisi lwenkomo kunye nawenyamakazi, sibona ukuba inkomo isi-3 okanye isi-4 kuphela ekhulwini.