Funda nathi namhlanje, ngokusebenzisa le post umdla, imbali Cuzco, idolophu yookhokho ebekwe kumzantsi-mpuma wesizwe sasePeru, kwiintaba zeAndes, isiseko sayo sokuqala, eMagna Carta likomkhulu lembali yelizwe kunye nokunye okuninzi. Ungayeki ukuyifunda!
Imvelaphi yeSixeko saseCuzco
Sesinye sezona zixeko zidala zokuhlala eMelika, abanqobi baseSpain bayibona okokuqala ngqa ngo-1533, yayiliziko lobukumkani be-Inca, isiqalo sayo sichazwa ngolwimi lwesi-Aymara, kunye nebinzana elithi qusqu wanka, ulwimi lwesiCastilian, lithetha iLiwa lesikhova, ngenxa yengxelo yabanye abazalwana abagama linguAyar, kuba yayiyeyona kumkani inkulu eyayikho kwi-Pre-Columbian America.
Isixeko saseCuzco sabona ukungena kwabantu baseSpain njengeendawo ezininzi eMelika, kodwa sigcina umlingo wezinyanya xa sihamba ezitalatweni zaso, ezithimba ngokumangalisayo amawaka eendwendwe ezifuna yonke imihla ukuba yinxalenye yeli bali, qhubeka ufunda inqaku.
Apho omnye wabazalwana, owayenamandla omlingo, wavuma indawo ephaphazela ngamaphiko aphuma emzimbeni wakhe ukuba ahlale phezu kwelitye aze abe yinxalenye yelitye njengoko imibhalo kaJuan Díez de Betanzos isithi:
"... Hamba uye phaya, bhabha... uhlale khona, uthabathe isihlalo kwaso ubonakala kuso laa mqondiso, ngokuba kamva siya kungena, sihlale, sihlale khona... ngolwimi lwamandulo lwaseCuzco namaSpanish balishiya igama likaCuzco…”
Ngenxa yokuthontelana kwabakhenkethi, iCuzco sesona sixeko sinabantu abaninzi kwisizwe sasePeruvia, imvelaphi yesi sixeko iyintsomi, ngenxa yamabali ookhokho bawo, kukho intetho malunga newaka leminyaka ngaphambi kukaKristu, lo mmandla wonke wawumiwe ngabantu. iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo , ebonwa ngokubonga kwi-archeology kwiimpawu ze-ceramics, ekubeni nganye ineempawu ezichaziweyo.
Kukho intetho malunga noThixo weLanga ngokwakhe ogama linguInti, wawahlalisa la mazwe, abanye bathetha ngonyana omkhulu we-Sun God Manco Capac kunye nodadewabo, kodwa umhla ochanekileyo wokudalwa kwayo njengendawo yokuhlala awaziwa, balawula iinkcubeko ezininzi. . abanye babenza ummandla omkhulu omalunga nezikwekhilomitha ezingama-600.000, ikomkhulu layo yiCuzco.
Kubemi baseCuzco, ukukhawulwa kwabo kwaba kubini kwaye ke imihlaba yabo yahlulwa yaba ziindawo eziphakamileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yiHanan kunye namathafa aphantsi anegama leHurin, ukusuka kwigama likaManco Capac kwavela udidi oluthile lobume bentlalo phakathi kweziqhamo ezibonisa kunye nokuhamba kweminyaka. , ukufaneleka okukhulu, ngenxa yophando olwenziweyo, i-ceramics kunye nenkcubeko yaseKillke yeyabo, bazibiza ngokuba ngama-Incas.
Wabonisa ubukhosi be-Inca, umbutho obalaseleyo wezentlalo nezopolitiko owabavumela, ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yabo yokwakha, ukufumana isixeko esilungelelanisiweyo, iCuzco, njengaleyo yamandulo yabonwa eRoma, into emangalisa ngolwazi lwabo lobunjineli nangona bendingalazi ivili.
Ukuqala ngentsomi iManco Capac, uthotho lwabalawuli basekwa eCuzco ababevela kuthixo weLanga, bahlulwa kakhulu ngokwenkcubeko yabo kangangokuba bona, abalawuli bobukhosi be-Inca, babengenakuchukumisa umhlaba, bona kuphela. bashiya inqaba yabo enkulu kwimisebenzi yonqulo yabantu babo, ukuze bahlonelwe ngabo.
Inkaba yehlabathi, kuba ubukhosi be-Inca yayisisixeko saseCuzco, ngokolwimi lwaso lwesiQuechua, ngokophando oluye lwenziwa kujongwa ukuba phakathi kweminyaka ye-1200 kunye ne-1400 iziseko zezopolitiko, intlalontle kunye nombutho wenkolo. Impucuko yangaphambi kweColumbian, ngokwezi zifundo zifanayo kukho intetho yolawulo lwe-Inca egama linguPachacútec phakathi kweminyaka ye-1438 kunye ne-1463.
Ukudityaniswa kobu bukhosi bukhulu buqala, kuthotywa izizwe ezibujikelezileyo ezazichasa xa i-diplomacy ingazange iphumelele iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo, ubuchule babo bokuyila kangangokuba isixeko sadalwa ziinjineli zabo ngokumila kwepuma enokubonwa mgama. phezu kweentaba ezenza intlambo yaseKuzko.
Ukubonisa ubuziyo basezidolophini kunye nobunewunewu njengoko kwafunyaniswa kwimbali yayo ngamaSpanish xa aloyisayo, ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX; Ukongezelela ekwakhiweni kwesixeko saseCuzco, ezi njineli zibalaseleyo zabonisa ukuhambela phambili kwezolimo, zahlaziya uluntu zaza zakha izakhiwo ezibalaseleyo zikawonke wonke nezonqulo ezifanele ukuxatyiswa nokuhlonelwa kwenkcubeko yazo.
Kuba iCuzco ibonise uphuhliso lwayo lwentlalo njenge-nucleus enkulu yasezidolophini, eyahlulwa yimilambo emibini iSaphi kunye neTullumallo, apho bafudukela kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezidolophini ukuze batshintshiselane ngezorhwebo ekubeni babengazi imali.
Kwesi sixeko saseCuzco kwakukho ibhotwe.
Ukongezelela kuthotho lwezakhiwo ezikhulu zeetempile zonqulo nezindlu zezidwangube, ukuqhubela phambili kwakukho ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini namaqela adumileyo awayesisiseko sezolimo nokufuya izilwanyana.
ICuzco yayilikomkhulu lobukumkani be-Inca kunye neSpanish, esinye sezona zixeko zibalulekileyo kwi-viceroyalty yasePeru, ngamaxesha ekoloniyali phantsi komyalelo we-Crown yaseSpain, inani elikhulu leetempile zonqulo, iinqaba kunye nezikwere ezahlukeneyo zakhiwa. ngokuphambili kwe-baroque kunye neoclassical art.
Ukwenza isixeko saseCuzco sibe nomtsalane, ngo-1972, samkelwa njengesikhumbuzo seMbali yeSizwe kwaye ngo-1983, iNdawo yeLifa leHlabathi yiUNESCO.
Isiseko seCuzco kunye nexesha lobukumkani be-Inca
Enkosi kwiingxelo zabemi bomthonyama, ezaqulunqwa nguGómez Suárez de Figueroa, inzala yaseHispanic-Inca, owazalwa ePeru ngoAprili 12, 1539, wasebenzisa igama lobuxoki elithi Inca Garcilaso de la Vega.
Wathi uManco Cápac wayeyirhuluneli yokuqala nowaseka iCuzco ekunye nomama uOcilo, owayengudade wabo nomfazi wokuqala, abantwana beLanga, bafudukela kufuphi neLake Titicaca.
Ngokomyalelo kayise, uThixo weLanga, baphosa intshuntshe yegolide ngamandla amakhulu, apho eso sixhobo sawela khona, baseka idolophu yabo yaseCuzco, njengoko kubaliswa ngayo ngulo mbhali we<em>mestizo, ngonyaka we-1615, eyaziwa ukususela ngelo xesha yiSpeyin. , enkosi koku kubhala:
“… indawo yokuqala abamisa kuyo kule ntlambo, yatsho i-Inca, yayikwinduli ebizwa ngokuba yiHuanacauri, emini emaqanda esi sixeko, apho bazama ukuyiqhubela emhlabeni intsimbi yegolide, eyatshona ngokulula kwisithonga sokuqala abasinika sona. bamfumene, ukuba abasamboni. ”…
Yathi iInca yethu kudade wabo nakumfazi wayo: Kule ntlambo ubawo iLanga usiyalela ukuba simise, simise isihlalo sethu neendawo zokuhlala. Biza kwaye ubatsale aba bantu ukuze sibafundise kwaye benze okulungileyo esikuthunywe ngubawo iLanga ... ”
Ngokolwazi olufunyenweyo ngenxa yophando olwenziwa kwi-archeology kunye ne-anthropology, umsebenzi weCuzco ufundwe, kugqitywa ukuba ulawulo lweTiahuanaco luyancipha, luvelise ukuhanjiswa kwedolophu kwindawo eyiBolivia ngoku.
Le abemi oscillates malunga 500 amadoda, ahlala kwintlambo yomlambo Huatanay, ukuza ukufumana Cuzco elunxwemeni omnye umlambo ogama Saphy; Umhla ochanekileyo awaziwa, malunga nokuba iCuzco yasekwa nini, kodwa kucingelwa ngokophando olwenziweyo ukuba yayimiwe iminyaka engama-3000.
Omnye wababhali beCrown yaseSpain, uPedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, ekufikeni kwilizwekazi laseMelika, wayephethe isifundo seCuzco, ngokutsho kophando lwakhe lokuba iCuzco yayisele inabantu baseGuayas, Antasayas kunye neSahuasiray.
Njengabemi bakudala besi sixeko, wakhankanya nezinye izizwe ezifana neCopalimaytas, Culunchimas kunye neAlcavistas njengeenkcubeko zamva nje; Kwakhona wathetha malunga ne-Ayarmacas, eyayingabemi bakudala kwaye ii-Inca zasebenzisa idiplomacy, apho umanyano lomtshato phakathi kwezi mpucuko lwavumela ubungangamsha beCuzco.
Ukuba sesona sixeko sibalaseleyo soBukhosi be-Inca ngokuba likomkhulu layo, oku kwavelisa ibhomu enkulu kangangokuba yaba liziko lenkcubeko nenkolo yalo bukhosi bukhulu, xa idiplomacy yayingenakuqhutywa, ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo kwenziwa ukuba kulawulwe ngamandla omkhosi. umkhosi wayo..
Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yomlawuli wayo uPachacútec, waguqula iCuzco ibe yi-apogee yenkcubeko, wangena kulawulo ngo-1438, bobabini uPachacútec kunye nonyana wakhe uTúpac Yupanqui babephethe iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu yokulungelelanisa kunye nokudibanisa amaqela eentlanga ezahlukeneyo, befika ukulawula malunga neshumi. izigidi zabemi, kubo bonke ubukhosi be-Inca.
Obu bukhosi baba bukhulu kangangokuba amandla eCuzco afikelela eQuito, namhlanje elikomkhulu lase-Ecuador, ehlanganisa bonke abemi kububanzi obuziikhilomitha ezingama-4500 XNUMX kudederhu lweentaba zeAndes; ngakumbi kucingelwa ukuba uhlobo loyilo lweCuzco ngumsebenzi wePachacútec.
Kaloku, xa uyijongile ikwintaba iCuzco, imile okwempuma, ngenxa yomsebenzi weenjineli zayo, kuba kumele kuphawulwe ukuba zazingenabo ubuchwephesha, kodwa zabonisa ubugcisa obumangalisayo ekwakhiweni kwazo, nto leyo ebonisa indlela yazo. ukukhula okukhulu kwengqondo.
I-puma sisilwanyana esingcwele sabantu base-Andean, apho iCuzco yayisuka kude i-silhouette ye-puma enkulu, iyindawo ephakathi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Haucaypata esifubeni se-feline kwaye entloko yesilwanyana kwakukho induli enkulu. inqaba yomkhosi ebizwa ngokuba yiSacsayhuamán, yayilungelelaniswe kakhulu kwisakhiwo sesixeko.
ICuzco yayisisihlalo samandla kunye nombutho, kumawaka amathathu anamakhulu amathathu anamashumi amahlanu eemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, nto leyo yabonakaliswa kulwakhiwo lwaso ukusukela oko esi sixeko sidityaniswe neendlela ezine zokudibanisa eyaso, nebeyimimandla emine ababehlala kuyo. ummandla weCuzco, owaziwa ngokuba yiTahuantinsuyo, oku kuthetha ukuba bobane kunye.
Lo mmandla wawumkhulu kangangokuba wada wafikelela e-Ecuador nakwimimandla ethile ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiChile, iArgentina, iBolivia neKholombiya, ekubeni kwiNtlambo yaseUrubamba unokubona nezakhiwo ezikhulu zeInca, ezifana kakhulu nezo zesixeko saseCuzco.
Uloyiso lwaseSpain kunye nexesha le-viceregal
Xa abantu baseSpeyin bafika kwintsimi yaseCuzco, bagqiba ekubeni bathabathe esi sixeko kwi-Crown yaseSpain, bakwazi ukubamba i-Inca Atahualpa owayengumlawuli wokugqibela we-Inca empire, kwidolophu yaseCajamarca, ukusuka apho baya eCuzco. , ngokweengxelo zembali ezibonisiweyo Zisusela ngonyaka we-1533, ngenyanga kaFebruwari, ngolu loyiso ubuqaqawuli baseCuzco buphela.
Abantu baseSpain ngexesha loloyiso babengenakukwazi ukuguqula imeko yesixeko saseCuzco ngenxa yokuba ulwakhiwo oluxhathisayo lwe-Inca lwenza ukuba kube nzima ukutshabalalisa ukuvelisa izakhiwo ezitsha, ngoko bagqiba ekubeni benze izakhiwo zabo kwizakhiwo ezikhoyo ze-Inca, ezinokuthi ngoku. yabonwa kwiConvent yaseSanto Domingo eyayakhiwe kwiTempile yeLanga.
Ibhotwe elimangalisayo laseViracocha elenziwe ngamaInca laba sisihlalo seCathedral yaseCuzco, yiyo loo nto i-Inca urbanism inokumelwa namhlanje kumawaka abakhenkethi abatyelela isixeko saseCuzco.
Abaphandi abaliqela abavumelani ngabalinganiswa abenze loo mfazwe, i-Inca Garcilaso de la Vega y López de Gómara ithetha ngoHernando de Soto noPedro del Barco, ngoxa uPedro Pizarro noRubén Vargas Ugarte bethetha ngabanye abalinganiswa, eli qela lokuqala labantu baseSpeyin. Babuya eCuzco babuyela kwidolophu yaseCajamarca, phakathi kwenyanga kaMeyi ukuya kuJuni ngonyaka we-1533.
Abantu baseSpeyin beza nezixa ezikhulu zegolide nesilivere, njengoko umbhali ogama linguVargas Ugarte ebhala, kwakhona aboyisi baphinda benza olunye uhambo oluya kwisixeko saseCuzco, ngo-Agasti 11, 1533.
UFrancisco Pizarro owoyikekayo ekunye nomnye umthonyama ogama linguTúpac Hualpa ngenjongo yokuba athathe isikhundla sika-Atahualpa, kodwa waphila iinyanga ezintathu kuphela ngenxa yokuba wabulawa yityhefu, kunye negorha eligama linguCalcuchimac, owayengomnye wabathathu abaphambili. iinjengele zeAtahualpa.
IManco Inca, eyaziwa ngokuba nguManco Cápac II, nayo yapheleka uFrancisco Pizarro, yanceda uPizarro namadoda akhe ukuba bangene eCuzco, ngoNovemba 15, 1533, uManco Cápac II wathweswa isithsaba, njengoInca, njengoko kuchazwe kwingxelo yomnye wabaphandi. URubén Vargas Ugarte.
Emva kwenyanga, babekwazile ukubamba zonke iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo zaseCuzco kwaye amaSpanish anyibilikisa yonke imisebenzi emihle eyadala ubukhosi be-Inca; esi sixa sikhulu segolide etyhidiweyo abayicaphukelayo eCuzco sasisikhulu kakhulu kuneso sifumaneka eCajamarca, sijikeleza ngokutsho kwengxelo yeepesos ezingama-700.113.880.
Sele ngoMatshi 23, 1534, uFrancisco Pizarro ukwazile ukufumana isixeko saseSpain kwisixeko saseCuzco, kwiPlaza de Armas, ngoku sisixeko sanamhlanje saseCuzco, esasinomda wobukhosi be-Inca.
Kwisiza esikhulu esijonge emantla uFrancisco Pizarro wakhupha umyalelo wokwakha itempile yonqulo, wabeka isaci: Esona sixeko sibekekileyo nesikhulu saseCuzco, abantu baseSpeyin abangamashumi asibhozo anesibhozo, babengabahlali bokuqala baseCuzco, ngoku esisixeko saseSpain, eThe kusuku olulandelayo kwadalwa ibhunga lesixeko, kunye noosodolophu abaqhelekileyo Pedro de Candia kunye Beltrán de Castro, ukongeza aldermen ezisibhozo.
Kwisixeko saseCuzco, ngoku esisiSpanish, oosodolophu kunye ne-aldermen kwafuneka batshintshwe unyaka, ngenyanga ka-Okthobha wonyaka we-1534 benza ukusasazwa kwamaqashiso okanye imimandla yaseCuzco phakathi kwabanqobi baseSpain, kwakusekho ungquzulwano ngo. amalungu eempire Inca.
Emva kweminyaka emibini ngo-1536, uManco Inca uyazisola ngokunceda iSpanishi kwaye uqala ukulwa nabanqobi kwaye uququzelele ubukhosi obubizwa ngokuba yi-Incas yaseVilcabamba, ababengabalawuli abane ababenokuba ngabalandeli be-Atahualpa kwaye Baxhathisa abanqobi, kodwa iingxabano zathatha. indawo yayo de kwangowe-1572.
Kwabakho iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesithandathu yokujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo de ndoyiswa uTúpac Amaru ngexesha lamadabi, bambamba kwaye babonisa abanye abantu bomthonyama ukuba abanakukwazi ukubetha iSpanish bamnqumla intloko esidlangalaleni.
ICuzco yaba liziko elikhulu lorhwebo kunye nokutshintshiselana ngenkcubeko kwiiNtaba zeAndes, kwakukho neendlela eziya eLima kunye nokusingqongileyo kwemigodi eyayisaziwa ngokuba yiPeru ePhezulu.
Okungakumbi kubantu baseSpain kulunge ngakumbi ukuba izibuko libeke isixeko saseLima njengekomkhulu le-viceroyalty, kodwa iCuzco yayiyeyesebe lolawulo lwe-viceroyalty ye-Crown yaseSpain, ngokophando lwabantu baseCuzco babehlonitshwa. bengabantu bomthonyama abaninzi abavela kwibutho eliphakamileyo lamaInca, abathi ngenxa yalo banikwa amalungelo athile.
Ngokufanayo, inxalenye yaseSpain yapheliswa eCuzco, ukongeza, ukungafani kwenkcubeko kunye noqoqosho olubonwayo ngoku esixekweni namhlanje kwaqala, ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso ye-textile, ngokuqinisekileyo ngelo xesha kwakungaphambi koshishino, ngoku basebenzisa iteknoloji. , ukuze bafike eRío de la Plata, kwakufuneka badlule eCuzco.
Sele ilawulwa yiSpeyin, ngexesha le-XVI kunye ne-XXVII yeenkulungwane, iCuzco iqala ukulahlekelwa ubuhle bayo be-Inca, ukuqalisa ukwakhiwa kweetempile zonqulo ze-baroque order, njengoko kunjalo kwiCathedral, eyakhiwa phakathi kweminyaka ye-1560 kunye ne-1664 , ezinye iicawa ezifana neLa Compañía ngowe-1576, iLa Merced, eyakhiwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Itempile yaseSan Francisco, phakathi kwe-1572 kunye ne-1662, iSpanishi nayo yayiphethe ukwakhiwa kwamaziko esibhedlele ahlukeneyo njengezibhedlele zekholoni yaseSan Bartolomé, eyathi kamva yatshintsha igama labo kwiSibhedlele kunye neConvent yaseSan Juan de Dios , ukuba baye. ngokukodwa kubantu baseSpain kunye neSibhedlele sase-Natural kubantu bomthonyama baseCuzco.
Utshintsho oluninzi kunye nezakhiwo zenziwa kwisakhiwo sesixeko saseCuzco, ngokubhekisele kulwakhiwo lwamaziko ocwangco, anje ngeAlmirante Palace, indlu yeeMarquises yaseSan Lorenzo de Valle Umbroso kunye ne-Archbishop's Palace.
Ngokuphathelele imfundo, iSpanishi yagqiba ekubeni iqalise izikolo ezininzi kwisixeko saseCuzco, njengesikolo saseSan Francisco de Borja, ukufundisa abantwana beenkosi ze-Inca, ngaphezu kweYunivesithi yaseSan Ignacio de Loyola, iSeminary of ISan Antonio de Abad, ukongeza kwenye iYunivesithi enegama likaSan Antonio Abad.
Emva kongquzulwano namaInca, ngoku yayiziintshukumo ze telluric ezatshabalalisa isixeko saseCuzco, ngoku esisiSpanish, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba uphuhliso lwedolophu lwabonakala lucotha, eyona nyikima yakutshanje yabonwa ngonyaka we-1650.
Ukusuka apho, ukubaluleka kobukumkani be-Inca kujongwa kulwakhiwo olusekwe kumathafa ukuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kwezakhiwo zawo ngenxa yokuba zazichasene nenyikima, njengoko kubonisiwe ngoku ngenxa yophando olwenziwayo kwizakhiwo ezakhiwe ziinjineli. ubukhosi bamaInca.
Kubantu baseSpeyin, uloyiko lwabo kuloo nyikima lwalunjalo kangangokuba baba ngabazinikeleyo beNkosi yeenyikima, abathi ukususela ngaloo mini minyaka le bahlonitshwa ngomngcelele, nangona kubalulekile ukunciphisa.
Ukuba abemi baseCuzco babenesiko lokudanisela izidumbu zabo ezazingabalawuli bamandulo bempucuko yabo enkulu, kuba babeqhubeka nezithethe zabo kodwa kunokuba badanise izidumbu zabo, abantu baseSpeyin benza iingcwele zesithethe samaKatolika baxhentsa.
Zenzeka eSpain, uhlaziyo lwaseBourbon apho uFelipe de Borbón, ethatha ulawulo lwesizwe saseSpain, ngelixa oku kwakusenzeka eYurophu ngonyaka we-1780, eCuzco kukho intshukumo eyaqalwa ngabantu bomthonyama entloko yayiyinkosi egama linguJosé. UGabriel Condorcanqui, obizwa ngokuba nguTupac Amaru II.
Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yempembelelo yeengcamango ezikhanyisiweyo uTúpac Amaru II, uvukela amandla aseSpeyin, ukusuka kwisixeko saseCuzco, ezi ngxabano zisasazeke kulo lonke ilizwe lasePeruvia, le mvukelo yayinokuhlala iinyanga ezimbalwa ngenxa yokuba phakathi kweemfazwe eziye zasasazeka. kwenzeka eCuzco.
I-cacique uJosé Gabriel, owaziwa ngokuba nguTúpac Amaru II, ubanjwe kwaye ukuze idolophu ingabi nasibindi sokuphinda iphikisana, ukubulawa kuyalelwa kwinkampani yakhe yonke intsapho kwi-Plaza de Armas yaseCuzco.
Namhlanje unokubona eCuzco, kwelinye icala leCawa yaseCompañía de Jesús, icawa eyayisetyenziswa ngelo xesha njengeseli yokugcina loo cacique lowo namhlanje uliGorha lasePeru.
Esi siganeko saziswa ngoko nangoko, kulo lonke udederhu lweentaba zeAndes, okwenzeka eCuzco kwaye yayisisikhalo sokukhululeka kwabantu bomthonyama apho abantu abaninzi baseSpeyin beziphathamandla eziphezulu, besoyika ukujongana nenani elikhulu labantu bomthonyama, bagqiba kwelokuba bahambe kunye. iintsapho zabo ukuya kwikomkhulu Peruvian kunye nesixeko Arequipa.
Oku kubangele ukudodobala kwezorhwebo kwisixeko saseCuzco njengoko abatyeleli bekuphepha ukusondela kwindawo ngenxa yokoyika ingcinezelo ethile yabemi bomthonyama, ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kwakhona ngonyaka ka-1814, kwabakho olunye ungquzulwano lwabemi bomthonyama ngokuchasene nolawulo loBukhosi baseSpain. , eyaziwa ngokuba yiMvukelo yaseCuzco.
Olu ngquzulwano lwalumelwe ngabazalwana baka-Angulo kunye ne-brigadier egama linguMateo Pumacahua, owayengumestizo waseCuzco, baqala uvukelo olufana nolo lwaluqala eBuenos Aires ukuzuza ukuzimela kwePeru esuka eCuzco, kodwa okufanayo akuzange kube njalo. kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba uViceroy José De Abascal wafikelela kuvuthondaba ngolu vukelo-mbuso kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinanye.
Cuzco kunye nexesha Republican
Njengoko kunokubonwa kwimbali yasePeru, yafumana ukuzimela kwayo ngonyaka we-1821 kwaye isixeko saseCuzco sigcina ukubaluleka kwayo kwintlangano yezopolitiko yelizwe, phezu kwendawo ehlala yi-Intendancy, ehlala nakwindawo ye-Amazon. , ekubeni ingekabikho umda welizwe laseBrazil, iCuzco likomkhulu lalo lonke elo sebe ngokomyalelo kaJosé de San Martín.
Oku kwenzeka ngo-Aprili 26, 1822, kodwa lo mmandla wawusengowabantu baseSpeyin abanyanisekileyo kwisithsaba saseSpain, idabi lase-Ayacucho laphumelela kwaye uGeneral Simón Bolívar waphuma ephumeleleyo, apho uViceroy La Serna kwafuneka ahlawule, i-22 kaDisemba 1824 iyaqaphela. ukuthotywa kuka-Ayacucho, njengomphathi weCuzco uNjengele Agustín Gamarra, ngoDisemba 24, kwangaloo nyaka.
Unyaka we-1825 uqala kwaye isixeko saseCuzco sifumana ngovakalelo utyelelo lukaNjengele Simón Bolívar, ngenxa yentlonipho isizwe sasePeru esasinayo kumkhululi obalaseleyo waseVenezuela uSimón Bolívar, izikolo zeSayensi nezoBugcisa zasungulwa, bagxininisa kwizikolo zangaphambili. ISan Francisco de Borja, iSan Bernardo, iDyunivesithi yaseSan Antonio de Abad.
Ebudeni bolu tyelelo, isikolo sokuqala semfundo yabasetyhini basePeruvia, ebizwa ngokuba yiColegio Las Educandas, nayo yadalwa eCuzco. Kamva, ngenxa ye-Peru-Bolivia Confederation, iCuzco yayiyenye yeziseko zale Riphabhliki eyahlala kancinane kakhulu, kuphela. ISanta Clara Arch yahlala kulo simboli.
I-Cuzco iphinda iwela kwingxaki yezoqoqosho, yentlalo kunye neyabantu, kuba uninzi lwabemi bayo baphulukana nobomi babo ngenxa yeemfazwe eziqhubekayo ze-Independence kunye nezifo ezihlala zibulala abantu abaninzi bale dolophu, nayo yayisondele kakhulu ekuhlaselweni yiRiphabhlikhi yelizwe. eBolivia ngonyaka we-1842; inkulungwane ye-XNUMX yaqhubeka ngaphandle kosizi okanye uzuko kwisixeko saseCuzco.
Isoyikiso sezibetho saphelisa ubomi babemi baseCuzco njengengqakaqha ngo-1885, yaphumelela ibhaso lokuba sesona sixeko sicocekileyo eMelika ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esaqhubeka sitshabalalisa isixeko sobukhosi sase-Inca, uguquko lwezoshishino lweza ePeru ePeru. izandla zabarhwebi abavela eUnited Kingdom, behlwempuzeka ngakumbi abemi baseCuzco ababengakwazi ukukhuphisana nabo.
Ngomnyaka we-1872, icandelo lokuqala kwimizi-mveliso emithandathu eyakuthi kamva yaziwe njengeCervecería del Sur yafakwa kwidolophu yaseCuzco, ukunyuka kweCuzco kwakungenxa yezi nkampani zotywala, ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-1894, okubangela imfazwe yasePeruvia. kunyaka we-XNUMX.
Ungquzulwano lwenziwa ngaphakathi kweso sixeko saseCusco, apho i-caceristas yalahleka, ngonyaka we-1909, inguqu yolutsha yaqhutywa, isikolo saseCuzco saqalwa, kwindawo eyayiyiZiko leNzululwazi laseCuzco ngonyaka we-1897.
Cuzco ngenkulungwane yama-XNUMX
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-1908, iCuzco yonyusa uphuhliso lwabantu basezidolophini, ngonyaka we-13, ngakumbi nge-XNUMX kaSeptemba, uloliwe oya eCuzco wavulwa, enika isixeko amathuba amatsha okunxibelelana nabantu abafika kwizibuko, nangona ukuhanjiswa kukaloliwe kwacotha kakhulu ngenxa yemeko yeentaba zeAndes.
Ngenxa yokwanda kwabemi baseCuzco, imilambo efana neTullumayu, iHuatanay kunye neSaphy kwafuneka ihanjiswe, uhlengahlengiso olutsha lwedolophu lwenziwa esixekweni, njengesitrato iChoquechaka kunye neSaphy kunye neTullumayo kunye neSol avenues. kuvumeleke ukufikelela okukhulu kubumelwane obungqonge umbindi wesixeko, ucwangciso lwedolophu lwandiselwa kwiindawo ezisemazantsi nakumazantsi-mpuma.
Ngonyaka we-1911, kwenzeka into emangalisayo eCuzco, kuhambo oluninzi olwathi lwenziwa ukusuka eCuzco ukuya kwindawo engqonge udederhu lweentaba zeAndes, uHiram Bingham, uphonononga okusingqongileyo aze afumane amabhodlo okwakhiwa okukhulu kwendalo ye-Inca, ebizwa ngokuba yiMachu Pichu.
Oku kufunyanisiweyo kunyuse ishishini lezokhenketho kwisixeko saseCuzco, njengoko saziwa ngoku, kuba yonke imihla enyakeni, abakhenkethi abaninzi bahlala besiya kutyelela esi sixeko, nangona ngoku kungenxa yobhubhani we-Covid-19, yonke into ikhubazekile. thintela kwaye uthintele ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane.
Eye yatshabalalisa ubomi bamawakawaka abantu, ngexesha apho itekhnoloji kunye nophando zibaluleke kakhulu kwaye abakafumani ndlela yokuphelisa le ntsholongwane, ngabantu abaninzi abakhubazekileyo, ukuba bahlale emakhayeni abo kwaye banakekele. impilo yakho, ukuze ungaqhubeki usasaza le ntsholongwane yoyikekayo.
Ngomnyaka we-1913, inkampani yabucala yasekwa kwisixeko saseCuzco, ukuze esi sixeko sibe nethuba lokunandipha inkonzo enhle yombane, apho izifundo ezifanelekileyo zenziwa ukudala indawo yombane wamanzi, kwingingqi yaseCorimarca. .
Uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lwenziwa kwaye ngonyaka we-1914, isixeko saseCuzco saqala ukonwabela inkonzo yamandla ombane kwindlu nganye yaso, yinkunzi yabucala, eyayisazi kakuhle ukuba inzuzo yabakhenkethi yayiza kuhlawula uphuhliso lwelizwe. amandla ombane, iinkampani zabakhenkethi zaqala ngenduduzo enkulu ngenxa yenkonzo yombane.
Ngomnyaka we-1921, uhambo lokuqala lokuhamba ukusuka eLima ukuya kwisiXeko saseCuzco lwenziwa ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya waseTaliyane ogama linguEnrique Rolandi, eyayiziindaba ezimnandi koosomashishini bezokhenketho ababebambe iintlanganiso ezihambelanayo zokuthengwa kwenqwelomoya. ephethwe sisixeko saseCuzco kwaye lo mqhubi wenqwelomoya uRolandi uya kuba ngumcebisi wobugcisa kolu shishino luncinci lwenqwelo moya.
Le nqwelomoya yokuqala yesixeko saseCuzco, yayiyimodeli ye-biplane, i-fighter eyenziwe yinkampani ye-SVA, le nqwelomoya yayibizwa ngokuba yiCuzco, ngoSeptemba 1, 1925, umqhubi weCuzco Alejandro Velasco Astete Wafa eneminyaka engamashumi amabini- Sibhozo.
Wayengowokuqala wasePeru ukubhabha phezu kweAndes, wafika kwisixeko saseLima emva kokubhabha esuka eCuzco, kodwa ngoSeptemba 25 waloo nyaka wafumana ingozi apho umqhubi wenqwelomoya waphulukana nobomi bakhe yaza inqwelo-moya yatshatyalaliswa.
Oku kwenzeka xa wayezama ukuhlala kwidolophu yasePuno, xa wayevela kwinqwelomoya evela kwisixeko saseCuzco, ngo-1930, umphathi weCuzco ogama linguJosé Vargas, owayenguNjengele, wayephethe ukuhluthwa komhlaba othile ophakathi. yaseChachacomayoc nenye ebizwa ngokuba yiLa Pólvora.
Ukwenza kuloo ndawo isikhululo seenqwelomoya sokuqala kunye nomgaqo weenqwelomoya omdaka kwisixeko saseCuzco esasisebenza de kwangowe-1967; Le nkonzo yokuqala yabakhweli kunye neenqwelomoya zemithwalo phakathi kwesixeko saseLima neCuzco yaqala ngo-1937.
Inqanawa yanikezelwa kwangoko ngeenqwelomoya ze-DC-3 kunye ne-DC-4 ezisuka kwinkampani yenqwelomoya ebizwa ngokuba yiFaucett, iminyaka emithathu yadlula kwaye inkonzo yenqwelomoya yaba yinto eqhelekileyo ngenxa yeendwendwe ezize kuhlola isixeko saseMachu Pichu.
Okwangoku esi sithuba sepaki ebizwa ngokuba yiZonal, iSibhedlele seSizwe saseAdolfo Guevara Velasco sikwakweso sithuba kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba yisithili saseWanchaq kunye neCasa de la Juventud evaliweyo kwiColiseum.
Ngo-1964, isikhululo seenqwelomoya i-Alejandro Velasco Astete International savulwa, egameni le-Peruvia yokuqala eyabhabha ngaphaya kweentaba ze-Andes, apho iCuzco ibonelelwe ukusukela ngoko kwaye sisikhululo seenqwelomoya sesibini esinezona zithuthi zininzi ePeru. , enkosi kwinkampani yabakhenkethi.
Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba ukususela ngo-1944, i-24 kaJuni yiMini yeCuzco, apho baqhuba khona i-scenography ekhangayo kubathengi babakhenkethi, abathi bayenze kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemifuziselo ezifana nePlaza de Armas, Amabhodlo eSacsayhuamán okanye i-Inti Raymi, kwaye benza iHhoma leCuzco.
Kudlula iminyaka emithandathu, ngowe-1950, kwaza kwabakho inyikima kwisixeko saseCuzco, esinobukhulu obusisi-6.8 kwisikali sikaRichter, oku kwabangela umonakalo ekukhuleni kwabantu ezidolophini, ngokukodwa kwiitempile zamathanga kunye nezindlu zoonongendi, apho kunikelwa ingxelo ngokulandelelanayo. isizwe sasePeruvia kunye ne-UNESCO eyathumela umphandi uGeorge Kubler wemvelaphi yaseMelika.
Ngubani owayephethe uxanduva lokuqhuba isifundo esifanelekileyo solawulo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kohlengahlengiso lwezakhiwo, urhulumente wasePeru ngokulangazelela ukusebenzisana nokwakhiwa kwakhona kweCuzco, wadala umthetho weNombolo 11551, apho waveza umdla woluntu. Cuzco , ngokucacileyo yinkampani yezokhenketho kwaye ibeke irhafu ekusetyenzisweni kwecuba ukuxhasa ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwezakhiwo.
Ngomnyaka we-1952, ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwesixeko saseCuzco kuqhutywe, okwavumela ukuphuculwa kweendawo zokuhlala ezidolophini, ukuvumela ukunyuswa okukhulu kushishino lwabakhenkethi, ngonyaka we-1952, inani labakhenkethi be-6092 libalwa.
Ayesanda unyaka nonyaka, ngowe-1975, inani labakhenkethi lalingama-176.625 174.000, elaliphakame kakhulu kunabantu besixeko saseCuzco, esasihlolisiswa kubemi abali-XNUMX XNUMX.
Ngomnyaka we-1972, isizwe sasePeruvia ngeSebe lezeMfundo, senze iSigqibo esiPhakamileyo sokubhengeza iLifa leNkcubeko yeSizwe kwiNdawo yeSikhumbuzo saseCuzco, kwakuyimfuneko ukwandisa isixeko phakathi kwe-1974 kunye ne-1991, ngelixa oku kwakusenzeka kwindawo Iseshoni ye-VII yeKomiti yeLifa leMveli ye-UNESCO, kwisixeko saseFlorence kwisizwe sase-Italiya.
ICuzco ibhengezwe njengeLifa leNkcubeko loBuntu kwiveki kaDisemba 05 ukuya kwi-09, 1983, kodwa ngo-Epreli 05, 1986, kwenzeka enye intshukumo ye-telluric etshabalalisa inxalenye yendawo enkulu yesixeko saseCuzco.
Kwi-1990, uSodolophu uDaniel Estrada Pérez wenza inkqubo yokuhlobisa izikhumbuzo, izikwere kunye nemithombo ngexesha lolawulo lwakhe; ukufumana Cuzco isihloko Historical Capital of Peru.
Ebekwe kwiMagna Carta yasePeru, ukusukela ngo-1993, ikhaka laseCuzco nalo lacaciswa, lishiya iColonial Blason ukudibanisa iLanga lase-Echenique, njengekhaka elitsha lesixeko saseCuzco, wazama nokuguqula igama. kulwimi lwesiQosqo, kodwa ayizange ihlale ihleli, ishiya iCuzco.
IJografi kunye neMozulu yesixeko saseCuzco
Esi sixeko simi kwintlambo eyenziwe nguMlambo i-Huatanay kunye neenduli ezikhuselayo, imozulu yaseCuzco ininzi yomile kwaye ipholile, ibekwe kufuphi ne-ikhweyitha kuphela ngamaxesha amabini; elomileyo phakathi kwenyanga ka-Epreli no-Oktobha, ngeli xesha lonyaka uziva iintsuku ezinelanga kunye nobusuku obuchaseneyo apho kubanda kakhulu kwaye ubushushu behla ukuya kwi-13°C.
Elinye ixesha lonyaka liyanetha kwaye lenzeka phakathi kwenyanga kaNovemba ukuya kuMatshi, ubushushu buphakathi kwe-12°C, ngeentsuku ezinelanga bunokunyuka bufike kuma-20°C, kodwa umoya osuka ezintabeni uyabanda.
Cuzco Architectural Heritage
Ngombulelo kwinani elikhulu lezakhiwo ze-Inca ezinokuthi zibonwe kwisixeko saseCuzco, esihlala kwixesha langaphambi kweColumbian, ngo-1972, babhengeza ukuba yi-Cultural Patrimony yeSizwe, oku kubonakala kwisigqibo esiphezulu kunye nenombolo 2900- 72- ED, kwaye ukuze kukhuselwe isixeko saseCuzco, iseshoni ye-VII yeKomiti yeLifa leMveli ye-UNESCO yabanjwa ngowe-1983.
Ukwenza isigqibo sokubhengeza esi sixeko iLifa leMveli leNkcubeko loLuntu, apho ezona ndawo ziphambili zomdla wabakhenkethi kwisixeko saseCuzco zezi zilandelayo:
Indawo yokuhlala yaseSan Blas, amagcisa ahlala apha, iindibano zabo zokusebenzela kunye neevenkile zobugcisa zibekwe, xa undwendwela esi sixeko unokubona ukuba yenye yezona ndawo zinomtsalane eCuzco, izitrato zayo zingumnqantsa kwaye kwangaxeshanye zimxinwa, unokubona izindlu ezinkulu ezithe thaa. zakhiwa ngabantu baseSpeyin, kwiziseko zezakhiwo ze-Inca.
Inesikwere esihle kwaye yeyona parishi indala kwisixeko saseCuzco, eyasekwa ngo-1563, iphawulwa ngepulpiti yayo eyenziwe ngomthi, eyayiqingqwe ngamaxesha obukoloniyali, ngolwimi lwaseCuzco iBarrio de San Blas ibizwa ngokuba yiToqocachi. okuthetha ngolwimi lwesiCastilian umngxuma wetyuwa.
Isitalato saseHatun Rumiyuq, lelona lityelelwa ngamawaka abakhenkethi, abatyelela isixeko saseCuzco mihla le, eli gama lesiQuechua lithetha ngeSpanish, Ukusuka kwelona litye likhulu, iBhotwe le-Inca Roca lalilapho, phezu kwalo, kwakhiwa iBhotwe likaBhishophu Omkhulu .
Esi sitrato sikhokelela kwi-Plaza de Armas ukuya kwi-Barrio de San Blas, apho endleleni yaso unokubona ilitye lee-angles ezilishumi elinambini eludongeni lwe-Inca, ngeli xesha lohambo ungathenga izinto ezingenakubalwa ngenxa yamagcisa abaye baba. uyilo kakhulu.
IConvent kunye neCawe yaseNuestra Señora de La Merced, le tempile intle yakhiwa ngonyaka we-1536, ukwakhiwa kwayo kokuqala kwatshatyalaliswa yinyikima yonyaka we-1650, ukwakhiwa ngokutsha okufanelekileyo kwaqhutywa kwaye kwagqitywa ngonyaka we-1675. isakhiwo, isitayela se-baroque sibonwa.
Ngokukodwa kwiivenkile zekwayara, kwimizobo kunye nakwimizobo yomthi, apha unokubona indawo yokukhusela kwigolide kunye namatye anqabileyo anobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezingama-22 kunye nokuphakama kwayo kweesentimitha ezingama-130, okumangalisayo kwaye kungowexesha lobukoloniyali okanye kunoko Inca, kuba amaSpanish axhwila igolide eyayikwitempile kaThixo weLanga.
ICathedral yaseCuzco, iCathedral yokuqala yaseCuzco yayiyiCawe yoloyiso eyakhiwe ekwakhiweni kweNdlu yeViracocha Inca, eyakhiwa ngo-1539, kodwa ngoku yaba yicawa encedisayo yale cathedral inkulu, apho le ndlu inkulu. Icathedral yakhiwa phezu kweSuntur Wasi, indlu yeCondor, phakathi kwe1560 kunye ne1664.
Ilitye lalisetyenziswa njengeyona nto iphambili, eyathi yakhutshwa kwezinye izakhiwo ze-Inca ezazisetyenziswa ngabantu baseSpain njengekwari, ukongeza kwiibhloko zegranite ezinombala obomvu abazizisa kwi-Inca complex ebizwa ngokuba yiSacsayhuaman.
Apha abakhi bezakhiwo baseSpain basebenze isicwangciso seRenaissance, ngaphakathi kwetempile yenkolo iBaroque exutywe neGothic ibonwa, inomkhandi wegolide obalaseleyo wexesha lobukoloniyali.
Ikwabalasele ngezibingelelo zayo zonqulo ezinomtsalane kumthi okroliweyo, kule tempile unokubona imisebenzi ebalaseleyo yeSikolo saseCusco sokuPeyinta esihombise iindonga zaso, ikwalikomkhulu leArchdiocese yaseCuzco.
Isikwere esikhulu, yayigqalwa njengendawo yovuyo kubukhosi baseInca, yayibanzi kangangokuba oko ngoku kwaziwa ngokuba yiPlaza del Regocijo yaba yeyabo, kwanelinye ibala elibizwa ngokuba yiSan Francisco.
Ndiyabulela kwimbali, esi sikwere siye saba ngumlingisi oyintloko weziganeko ezahlukahlukeneyo kwimbali, phakathi kwabo kukubhengezwa kokuqala kokuzimela kwesizwe sasePeruvia, esenziwe ngabazalwana abanefani ethi Ángulo eyenziwe ngo-1814.
Le Plaza de Armas, ekwisixeko saseCuzco, nayo yabona ukunqunyulwa kwentloko kaJosé Gabriel Condorcanqui, obizwa ngokuba nguTúpac Amaru II, lowo imbali yasePeruvia imthatha njengenkokeli yokuqala yokuchasa umthonyama, xa wayejongene nohlaziyo lwaseBourbon lukaKumkani uPhilip.
Ngexesha lobukoloniyali abantu baseSpeyin bakha i-arcade yamatye emibalabala ngezandla zomthonyama, ekhoyo nangoku, nazi iitempile ezimbini zonqulo, i-cathedral yakudala yaseCuzco kunye netempile yoMbutho kaYesu, zombini zibekwe kwizakhiwo ezenziwe ngama-Inca nasembindini. Inxalenye yesikwere yayilichibi kwaye phezu kwayo kukho umfanekiso weInca.
Namhlanje le Plaza de Armas yindawo yemibhiyozo yenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo kunye nezenzo zoluntu kwisixeko saseCuzco, phakathi kwazo uMthendeleko we-Inti Raymi weLanga likaThixo, obhiyozelwa rhoqo nge-24 kaJuni, ukonwabela amawaka abakhenkethi abaya kutyelela. jonga, ukongeza kwimibhiyozo yeCorpus Christi.
Inomhla oguquguqukayo ngokwekhalenda yenkolo yamaKatolika, inokuqhutywa phakathi kweenyanga zika-Epreli, ngoMeyi okanye ngoJuni, apho umngcelele wabangcwele abahlukahlukeneyo bamaKatolika uqhutywa, kuyo yonke imidaniso yengingqi ibonwa kwaye ke rhoqo ngeCawa. benza ukuphakamisa iflegi yesixeko saseCuzco kunye nesizwe sasePeruvia.
I-Santurantikuy ikwabanjelwe eCuzco, ekuthengwe ngayo abangcwele, nge-24 kaDisemba, ibe ngumboniso wezorhwebo obhekiselele kwinkolo yobuKrestu ngeKrisimesi, kuba yonke imihla kukho abakhenkethi abandwendwela esi sixeko, kufuneka baqhube amaqela kunye nemiboniso yorhwebo. kuba abahlali bendawo bahlala kuqoqosho lwabakhenkethi.
IBandla loMbutho kaYesu; le tempile yenkolo yakhiwe phezu kwesakhiwo se-Inca, i-Amarucancha Palace, eyayinikezelwe kuthixo wenyoka, apha unokubona omnye wemizekelo engcono kakhulu yesitayela se-baroque, ngexesha lobukoloniyali, unokubona ilitye eliqingqiweyo. eyenziwe ngamaInca.
Okwangoku le tempile yenkolo ineecawa ezimbini, iLourdes chapel kunye neSan Ignacio de Loyola Oratory, kwiindonga zayo unokubona inani elikhulu leecanvases zekoloniyali ezivela kwiCuzco School of Painting kwisixeko saseCuzco.
ICoricancha neConvent yaseSanto Domingo, yayiyeyona tempile ibalulekileyo kubukhosi bamaInca eyayinikezelwe kuThixo weLanga, ngesiQuechua igama layo yiQorikancha, yayisaziwa njengendawo yegolide, ekubeni iindonga zayo zazihonjiswe ngamashiti egolide awayesenziwa ngamaInca. .
Kwesi sakhiwo se-Inca, ulwakhiwo lweConvent yaseSanto Domingo lwacaciswa ngendlela yeRenaissance, iqulethe inqaba ye-baroque, eyona ndawo iphakamileyo kuzo zonke izakhiwo kwisixeko saseCuzco, iindonga ze-Inca ezingenakubalwa zinokubonwa ngaphakathi nangaphakathi. i-monolith embindini wayo, kwaye njengakwezinye iitempile, inani elikhulu leeseyile zeSikole seCuzco sePainting.
I-Inca Urbanism kwisixeko saseCuzco
Olunye lweempawu ezivezwa kwesi sixeko saseCuzco kukuzimisela okumangalisayo kweenjineli ze-Inca xa zisenza ucwangciso lwedolophu ngaphandle kokuma kwendawo, bona ngokwenkcubeko yabo bakholelwa kwizithixo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokubahlonipha. zazakhiwe iitempile.
Phakathi kwabo kwakukho uThixo weLanga u-Inti, uPachamama, uthixokazi wenzala, uHuiracocha, owayekwinombolo yesibhozo yamaInca, wathi waphupha noThixo uWiracocha, phakathi kwabanye, ababemntwisiwe njengabantu.
Le ndlela yokumela izithixo yiyo eyabangela ukumelwa kwesixeko saseCuzco kwimo yepuma, nto leyo engumfuziselo wamandla amakhulu abhekisela kumandla kaThixo owadala isixeko saseCuzco.
Zonke izitrato kunye nokucwangciswa kweedolophu zakhiwe kwicala leLanga, ukongeza ekusebenzisaneni nomhlaba wendalo, kuba azizange zitshabalalise indalo kodwa zathatha ithuba lendalo ukudibanisa kwindawo kwaye zilungelelanise ukuyila, ubukrelekrele obukhulu bubonakalisiwe. ziinjineli ze-Inca.
Iimpawu zoBukhosi be-Inca, njengazo zonke izixeko zehlabathi, iCuzco ineflegi yayo, ikhaka layo kunye nomhobe wayo, nangona lilizwe lesizwe sasePeruvia, ngenyanga kaJuni ukusetyenziswa kwezi simboli kungoku. ijongiwe kuba Ngomhla wama-24 kukhunjulwa uMthendeleko we-Inca we-Inti Raymi, ikwalusuku lwesixeko.
Ngokumalunga nengubo yengalo, umqondiso weLanga le-Echenique usetyenziswa ngoku, iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, njengomqondiso wesambatho seengalo zesixeko saseCuzco, ekubeni iimpawu zayo zimele ubukhosi be-Inca.
Abemi kwiSixeko saseCuzco
Ngowe-1533, xa kwafika abemi baseSpeyin, isixeko saseCuzco sasinabemi abaphakathi kwama-40.000 200.000, kunye needolophu ezingabamelwane bafikelela kuma-XNUMX XNUMX abemi kule ndawo, kodwa xa kwabakho uloyiso, abantu bancipha kakhulu. . .
Ngaphandle koku, ngokutsho kophando lwabantu ngenkulungwane ye-1780, iCuzco yayisesinye sezona zixeko zinabantu abaninzi kwilizwekazi laseMelika, kwaye kwisizwe sasePeru yayisisixeko sesibini esinabantu abaninzi, ngo-XNUMX, imvukelo yeTúpac Amaru II kunye nemvukelo. ka Túpac Catarí.
Yayizizizathu zokuba inxalenye yabemi ifune ukufudukela kwikomkhulu lasePeru, iLima, ukuze iphephe ukufa kumadabi awayexhasa inkululeko, kodwa kumashumi eminyaka okugqibela enkulungwane ye-XNUMX, abemi ababesele kwisixeko saseCuzco bafa. kumadabi awahlukahlukeneyo ababejamelene nawo besenza umboniso ocacileyo ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Xa isibhengezo Peruvian Republic kwenziwa, ngonyaka 1825, oko kunokungqinwa ngokwembali, ukuba xa efumana General Simón Bolívar, apho Peruvian Congress waqhayisa kwaye le Venezuela obalaseleyo wawongwa iimbasa ngokuba winile amadabi Junin kunye. Ayacucho.
Isixeko nje saseCuzco, sasinenani labemi abangamashumi amane amawaka, kwaye emva kweminyaka engamashumi amabini, kwasala amashumi amabini amawaka abemi, ngenxa yokuba kwakukho ikheswa yesi sixeko.
Ngaphandle kombane okanye iinkonzo ezifikelelekayo kubemi balo, abantu abaselula bakhetha ukuzama ithamsanqa labo kwikomkhulu laseLima, ngonyaka we-1910, kuphela inani labemi be-13500 elibhalisiweyo kwisixeko saseCuzco kwaye uninzi lwabemi be-mestizo.
Kodwa xa isixeko saseMachu Picchu sifunyenwe, yonke into yatshintsha kwaba bemi, ngonyaka ka-2017 kuthiwa abantu baseCuzco babengabemi abangama-437.538 ngenxa yoshishino lokhenketho.
Ukuzivelela kwabantu, ngokutsho kweNational Institute of Statistics and Informatics, isixeko saseCuzco sinoomasipala bedolophu abahlanu, ngonyaka ka-2017, ubalo lubonise ukuba abantu bahamba phakathi kwe-437.538 yabemi kwaye ngaphakathi kwesixeko saseCuzco 114.630 abahlali bahlala ngokukodwa kwesi sixeko siphambili. umasipala.
Cuzco njengeZiko leNkolo
Kubukhosi be-Inca, isixeko saseCuzco yayiliziko apho kwakunqulwa khona ubungcwele beLanga, apho kwakukho itempile enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yiCoricancha, oku kuthetha ukuba kubiyelwe ngegolide, kwakukho neAqllawasi ekufutshane, eyayizizindlu awayenazo. uthixo welanga
Nabo ke babekwakwesi sixeko, isihlalo sezizwe ngezizwe zemingcwabo yabo bonke abalawuli ababelawula ubukhosi bamaInca, ababebizwa ngokuba ngamaPanaka, kuba emva kokuba befile bangcwatywa kwaye basenendawo yentlonipho kwinkcubeko yabo yenkolo, kwakukho kwakhona. nebhotwe lakomkhulu apho kwakuhlala umlawuli onguthixo, uThixo ophilayo.
Ngaphandle kwabefundisi bonqulo ababemelwe nguWillka umu owayengumbingeleli omkhulu. Kwesi sixeko saseCuzco, imisitho ephambili yasebukhosini ibiqhutywa, njengoko kunjalo nge-Inti Raymi, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumthendeleko kaThixo weLanga, osaqhubeka nokuboniswa kwiPlaza de Armas.
Phambi kwamawaka abakhenkethi kunye nakwi-esplanade ye-Sacsayhuamán, nangona le minyhadala yabakhenkethi isenziwa ngoku, iCuzco sisihlalo sikabhishophu omkhulu wesizwe sasePeru.
Inkcubeko kwisixeko Cuzco
Benza imisebenzi yenkcubeko eliqela ngexesha lonyaka kwisixeko saseCuzco, enye yezona zinto zintle yile ka-Inti Raymi, eyaziwa ngokuba nguMthendeleko weLanga likaThixo, yayingowona msitho ubalulekileyo ngokophando lwe. inkcubeko yamaInca.
Inokubonwa nakwisixeko saseCuzco, omnye umthendeleko obhiyozelwa ngomhla kaBathathu Emnye oNgcwele, igama lalo msebenzi wenkcubeko yiNkosi yaseQoyllur Riti, apho abahambi ngezonqulo abangaphezu kwama-60.000 bahamba ngendlela eya ezintabeni egutyungelwe likhephu, kukho iqondo lobushushu eguquguqukayo malunga 4 ° C, ngelixa behamba isiko ezahlukeneyo fireworks zibonwa kunye nemarike Alasitas, lo mbhiyozo ithatha iintsuku ezine.
Ngenyanga kaSeptemba kwisixeko saseCuzco, ngokukodwa ngomhla we-14, amawaka abantu abazinikele kwingcwele yaseHuanca, benza uhambo oluya kwingcwele yakhe, abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe nabo baya kukwenza olu hambo, njengeVeki eNgcwele, isixeko Cuzco, lo mbhiyozo ibanjwe kodwa uzinikele eNkosini iinyikima, ngubani na umkhuseli isixeko, ekhumbula ukuba uye wabandezeleka iintshukumo telluric eziliqela.
Ngokunxulumene neCorpus Christi, ukutyelelwa kwabangcwele abalishumi elinesihlanu kunye neentombi ezinyulu zenziwa, ezifuduswa ngabemi besixeko saseCuzco, besiya kwiCathedral ngomngcelele wokuhlawula imbeko kumzimba kaKristu, omelwe kwindawo engcwele. inginginya, ngokwesithethe samaKatolika, egcinwe kwi-monstrance yegolide eqinileyo enobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezingamashumi amabini anesithandathu kwaye iyimitha enye kunye neesentimitha ezingamashumi amabini ukuphakama.
Kukwajongwa ngeKrisimesi ngomhla weSanturantikuy, apho amawaka emiboniso yabangcwele athengiswa kubakhenkethi abangenakubalwa abandwendwela eCuzco, ngokuhlonipha iKrisimesi, unokubona imifanekiso eyahlukeneyo yokuzalwa okanye ijeli ukuze uyibeke kwikhaya losapho. . .
umculo esixekweni
Ngokombono wemisebenzi yenkcubeko kukho iCuzco Symphony Orchestra, eyenziwe phantsi kwenombolo yesisombululo soMlawuli 021/INC-Cuzco, ukusukela nge-10 kaMatshi ka-2009, inoxanduva lokudlala malunga namashumi amahlanu eekonsathi ngonyaka, ziboniswa kwi-Municipal Theatre. eCuzco.
Ngokuphathelele iziko leQosqo lobuGcisa boMdabu, lasekwa ngo-1924, liziko lemveli lesixeko saseCuzco, sele lamkelwe ngurhulumente wasePeru kwaye liLifa leNkcubeko eliPhilayo loMmandla weCuzco.
UQoqosho kwisiXeko saseCuzco
Ngenxa yokuthontelana okukhulu kwabakhenkethi kwisixeko saseCuzco, owona msebenzi walo kukwamkela ukhenketho, ukwenza uphuculo lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye neenkonzo, kuba ngenxa yabo isixeko sihlala simi, basebenza kwezolimo, njengombona kunye nezinye iintlanga. imibhobho.
Imboni encinci kunye nephakathi nayo inxulumene nokhenketho, njengemisebenzi yokuzonwabisa kunye nentsebenziswano, iimveliso zokutya ukongeza kwiziselo, phakathi kwamandla ayo ibhiya, amanzi, iziphuzo ezithambileyo, ikofu, itshokolethi, phakathi kwabanye.
IBhanki yoRhwebo
Ngokucacileyo, ngenxa yokuba yindawo enomdla omkhulu wabakhenkethi, iCuzco inamasebe ahlukeneyo ebhanki ukuze abakhenkethi bakwazi ukufikelela kwiimali zabo kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, ivula imithombo emitsha yengqesho kubemi besi sixeko sikhulu, phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi. amasebe ebhanki afunyanwa apho alandelayo:
• Credit Bank of Peru
• I-BBVA yelizwekazi
• Ibhanki yaseScotia
•Citibank
• I-Interbank
• Ibhanki yeSizwe
• Central Reserve Bank of Peru
• I-Inter-American Finance Bank
• IBhanki yasePichincha
• I-Crediscotia
• IBhanki yaseAzteca
• Ibhanki yam
• IBhanki yoRhwebo
• Prestaperu
• Ikhadi letyala
• Ibhokisi yePiura
• Ibhokisi yaseHuancayo
• IQuillacoop
• Ibhokisi yeCuzco
• Ibhokisi ye-Tacna
• Metropolitan Cove
• I-Edyficar yezeMali
• Umanyano lwezeMali
• IBhanki yeMathiriyeli
• INtsebenziswano yeNkululeko
• Santo Domingo de Guzman Cooperative
• San Pedro Cooperative
Ezopolitiko kwisiXeko
Ukususela ekusekweni kwayo kwi-Inca empire, iCuzco ibingqongwe zezopolitiko, njengoko yayiliziko lezopolitiko kwingingqi ye-Inca apho urhulumente wokuqala waseTawantinsuyo wanikwa khona, njengoko esi sixeko sasihlala abantu ababalaseleyo boBukhosi, ukusuka kumlawuli owayephila. uthixo, izalamane zabo, izidwangube kunye nabanye abantu ababalulekileyo.
Ukufika kwabantu baseSpeyin, yaphulukana nefuthe layo kwezobupolitika ngenxa yokuba isixeko esikufuphi nezibuko, njengeLima, sasikhululekile ngakumbi kubusekela basebukhosini, ngakumbi sasinenxaxheba kwezobupolitika, kuba yayisisixeko sokuqala ukuba nobhishophu omkhulu.
Kwakhona yayiyindawo yobuchule kwiindlela zokurhweba, kuba apha iCorregimiento yayineziko layo lemicimbi yerhafu, kamva yaba yi-Intendancy yeCuzco kwaye ekupheleni kobugqwetha phambi kokuzimela kwiNkundla yaseRoyal yaseCuzco.
Xa amadabi anika inkululeko kwisizwe sasePeruvia akhululwa, indima yezopolitiko yeCuzco yayingabonakali, ngenxa yokuba yedwa, ibethwa yi-Arequipa ngenxa yokuba yayinxibelelana kangcono ngomhlaba, kodwa emva kokufunyanwa kwezinto zakudala zaseMachu Picchu, isixeko saseMachu Picchu. ICuzco yaphinda yathathelwa ingqalelo kwimibandela yezopolitiko.
Abameli abaninzi bamaqela asekhohlo baye baphuma eCuzco, njengoko kunjalo ngoDaniel Estrada Pérez. Emva kokufa kwakhe, amaqela ezopolitiko aye akhokelwa, njengePeruvian Nationalist Party kunye nomnye obizwa ngokuba yiBroad Front for Justice, Life and Liberty. , kunye nemibutho yezopolitiko yengingqi.
Ezothutho nonxibelelwano
Enkosi ekungeneni kwemihla ngemihla kwabakhenkethi kwisixeko saseCuzco, uphuculo olukhulu lwenziwe ngokwezothutho kunye neenkonzo, ukuze kusebenze kakuhle amawaka eendwendwe ezize kufunda malunga nelifa le-Inca, phakathi kwezi zinto zintsha kwi. uthutho yiAlejandro Velasco Astete International Airport.
Esi sikhululo seenqwelomoya saseCuzco savulwa nge-22 kaJulayi, 1967, siphakathi kwezithili ezibini zesixeko saseCuzco ezifana neWanchaq kunye neSan Sebastián, esi sikhululo seenqwelomoya silawulwa yinkampani karhulumente ebizwa ngokuba yiCORPAC SA.
Apha iinqwelomoya ezisuka kwisixeko saseLima zifunyanwa mihla le, minyaka le isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseCuzco sihlanganisa abantu abayi-1.700.000, sithiywe ngegama lomqhubi wokuqala wasePeru ukuba abhabhe phezu kweentaba zeAndes, ngo-1925, emva koko wenza umboniso womoya kwisixeko sasePuno. , ngoSeptemba 25 kwangaloo nyaka, yaphulukana nolawulo lwenqanawa yaza yafa ngenxa yempembelelo yayo.
Enkosi kwesi sikhululo seenqwelomoya, inani elikhulu labantu lihlanganiselwa kwisixeko saseCuzco, ngenxa yoko sesinye sezikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezinemigangatho egqwesileyo, iindlela zeenqwelomoya zigayiwe, iibhulorho zokukhwela zibekwe, inendawo yokufumana iBoeing 757- imodeli yenqwelomoya 200 ngokwengxelo yenkampani karhulumente.
Esi sikhululo seenqwelomoya sifumana iinqwelomoya zemihla ngemihla ukusuka kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifana neLima, iTacna, iArequipa, i-Iquitos, iPuerto de Maldonado kunye neJuliaca kwinqanaba likazwelonke kwaye ngokubhekiselele kwinkalo yamazwe ngamazwe iBogotá, Santiago de Chile, La Paz, ukususela ngo-2019 ukusuka eSanta Cruz de la. eSierra
Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseChinchero
Ngenxa yokunyuka kwabakhenkethi kwisixeko saseCuzco, esinye isikhululo seenqwelomoya sakhiwe esingaphandle kwesixeko, kwaye sikhulu ngakumbi, esinokufumana unxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iSikhululo seenqwelomoya saseJorge Chávez, siya kuba kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-28 ukusuka kwisixeko saseCuzco. Cuzco kwisithili saseChinchero semetropolitan.
Lo msebenzi uya kuqhutywa yi-Kuntur Wasi Consortium, eyacela urhulumente wasePeru isixa-mali se-264,7 yezigidi zeedola kunye nequmrhu lasePeruvia liya kuba negalelo kuphela kwi-48% yeprojekthi, abanye baya kuba babucala.
Ngenxa yesi sikhululo seenqwelomoya sanamhlanje, kuqikelelwa ukuba siyakwazi ukufumana inani labakhenkethi abazizigidi ezihlanu ngonyaka, kunye nokwenzeka kokwandisa nokunceda abantu abazizigidi ezisibhozo, isixa sisonke salo msebenzi sasicwangciselwe ukuba sibe kwi-665 yezigidi zeerandi.
Imigca kaloliwe kunye nohola wendlela ukuya eCuzco
Ngenxa yotyelelo olunzima lwabakhenkethi kwisixeko saseCuzco, uqhagamshelo lukaloliwe lwenziwe kunye nezixeko ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya iArequipa, iJuliaca kunye nePuno, ngokubhekiselele kwindlela yomhlaba, inokudityaniswa nezixeko ezinjengeArequipa, iPuno, iPuerto ukusuka eMaldonado. , Abancay kunye noJuliaca.
Indlela ejoyina isixeko sase-Abancay yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokufika eCuzco, emva kokuthatha uhambo lomhlaba malunga neeyure ezingamashumi amabini ngelixa unqumla imimandla eyahlukeneyo yesizwe efana ne-Apurímac, iLima, i-Ayacucho kunye ne-Ica.
Kukwakho nenkqubo kaloliwe kaloliwe evumela abakhenkethi ukuba bahambe baye eMachu Picchu, besuka kwisixeko saseCuzco, kwindlela yentaba erhabaxa kwintshukumo egosogoso, inendawo yokumisa kwidolophu yasePoroy.
Ukonwabela abakhenkethi, emva koko ilandela indlela yayo ezantsi ukuya kwiNtlambo eNgcwele apho kukho isikhumbuzo se-Inca yezinto zakudala, iqhubeka nendlela yayo ecaleni koMlambo i-Urubamba kwaye ukusuka apho isiya khona iMachu Picchu.
Umba wezeMpilo kwisixeko saseCuzco
I-boom enkulu kubakhenkethi kwaye ngenxa yokuba iCuzco likomkhulu lolawulo elinenkqubela phambili yezoqoqosho kwingingqi yasePeruvia, inendawo engqongileyo egqwesileyo ngokwezenzululwazi zempilo, zombini zikawonke-wonke kunye nezabucala, ngokwemigaqo yoluntu esele ikhona eCusco, zezi zilandelayo:
• Isibhedlele sommandla
• Isibhedlele sika-Antonio Lorraine
• Isibhedlele i-Adolfo Guevara Velazco
• I-Metropolitan Polyclinic
• Ikliniki yaseSan Sebastian Polyclinic
• Ikliniki yaseSantiago
• La Recolecta Polyclinic
Imfundo kwisixeko saseCuzco
IsiXeko saseCuzco sinetyala laso amaziko amabini amakhulu asusela kumaxesha obukoloniyali, anje ngeColegio San Francisco de Borja, ekwibhloko enye ukusuka kwiPlaza de Armas, enikezelwe kwimfundo yabantwana be-caciques, kunye neSeminary of ISan Antonio Abad, eyasekwa ngo-1598, eyayiyeyonqulo, la maziko ayelawulwa ngelo xesha nguMbutho kaYesu.
Ngenkulungwane ye-1825, kwasekwa iiyunivesithi ezimbini eCuzco, iSan Ignacio de Loyola, eyavala emva kokugxothwa kwamaJesuit, neSan Antonio de Abad, esekho nangoku.” Ngowe-XNUMX, injengele edumileyo uSimón Bolívar waseka iNational College yaseCuzco. ISayensi kunye noBugcisa, okwathi iminyaka emininzi ngumzekelo omkhulu kwimfundo.
Namhlanje esi sixeko sinamaziko emfundo kuwo onke amanqanaba ukusuka kwimfundo yokuqala ukuya kwimfundo yaseyunivesithi, phakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo zizikolo zenkolo ezifana neSan Antonio de Abad, iSan Francisco de Asís, iLa Merced, iSalesiano, iLaSalle neSanta Ana.
Ngokubhekiselele kwizindlu zokufunda, kukho ezininzi, ezi zilandelayo zikwisixeko saseCuzco, ukulungiselela ukuqeqeshwa kwabemi baso, kunye namaziko olwimi ahlukeneyo anokufumaneka:
• IYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseSan Antonio Abad yaseCuzco
• IYunivesithi yaseAndean yaseCuzco
• Alas IYunivesithi yasePeruanas
• IYunivesithi yaseAustral Peruvian yaseCuzco
• IYunivesithi yeTekhnoloji yaseAndes
• IYunivesithi yaseSan Ignacio de Loyola
• IYunivesithi yaseCesar Vallejo
• IYunivesithi yeSizwe yezoBugcisa "Diego Quispe Tito"
• IYunivesithi yaBucala yeTELESUP
AmaZiko eeLwimi
• Isikolo soLwimi lwesiQuechua
• I-Royal Spanish Academy
• IZiko leeLwimi le-UNSAAC
• IZiko leeLwimi le-UAC
• I-Peruvian North American Cultural Institute yaseCuzco
• Iziko leNkcubeko lase-Italian
• Umanyano lwaseFransi
Icinema kwiSixeko saseCuzco
Oku kwenzeka kwisixeko saseCuzco, minyaka le phantsi kwegama elithi FENACO, enguMnyhadala weFilimu oMfutshane waMazwe ngaMazwe, uqhubeka kwinyanga kaNovemba, ukuqala ngo-2004, ekuqaleni ibingumnyhadala wesizwe kwifomathi emfutshane yefilim. nciphisa imizuzu engamashumi amathathu ubude, ngentsebenziswano yemiboniso yamazwe ngamazwe.
Kodwa yayikukukhula kwayo phakathi kwabenzi befilimu, abavelisi kunye nabasasazi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kangangokuba yona ngokwayo yaba ngamazwe ngamazwe, ngoku ibambe amazwe angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu anesixhenxe, yenza malunga neefilimu ezimfutshane ezingama-354 kukhuphiswano.
IGastronomy kwiSixeko saseCuzco
Zizitya ezahlukeneyo eziqhelekileyo zaseCuzco, imveliso ye-miscegenation kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-pre-Inca, i-Inca, i-colonial kunye nezinyanya zanamhlanje, eziye zavumela umanyano olukhulu lweencasa eziqhelekileyo zaseCuzco.
Umdlalo
Ngexesha le-2004 Copa América, isixeko saseCuzco safumana ithuba lokusingatha umdlalo phakathi kweColombia ne-Uruguay, yingakho kuyaqondwa ukuba umdlalo owuthandayo wabemi baseCuzco yibhola ekhatywayo, kwesi sixeko ngoku kukho amaqela amathathu ezemidlalo, eyokuqala kubo yiCienciano ekwiCandelo lokuQala.
Ukubonisa ngo-2003 ukuba yintshatsheli yeNdebe yaseMelika yaseMelika, ngo-2004, intshatsheli yeRecopa Sudamericanna, ibe kuphela kweqela lesizwe sasePeru elikwazile ukufumana amabhaso kwibala lezemidlalo lamazwe ngamazwe, elinye iqela elivela kwisixeko saseCuzco. I-Deportivo Garcilaso, ethathe inxaxheba kwiNdebe yePeru, ilandelwa yiCuzco Fútbol Club, iCal yasekwa kwi-2009 kwaye iphinda idlale kwiCandelo lokuQala lesizwe sasePeru ukususela ngo-2012, iphumelele i-Peru Cup ngonyaka we-2011.
Ngokumalunga neziseko zemidlalo, kukho amabala ebhola ekhatywayo kwisixeko saseCuzco, esahlulwe phakathi kwezithili zayo, siqala ngesithili saseWanchaq, kukho iBala lemidlalo le-Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, iColiseum evaliweyo “iNdlu yoLutsha”, iWanchaq Zonal Park. , amachibi amabini okuqubha, eyokuqala eWanchaq neyesibini kwiXesha, iMarianito Ferro Park kunye ne-Uriel García Coliseum.
Kummandla wesixeko saseCuzco kukho iKlabhu yeTennis yeHlabathi kunye neKlabhu yokuDubula, iBala lemidlalo le-UNSAAC, iZiko leBhola yeBhola yeQoricancha, i-Umanchata Park kunye ne-Garcilaso College Stadium.
I-San Sebastián Zonal Park kunye nePaki yeCachimayo ifumaneka kwisithili saseSan Sebastián, kwaye ibala le-Huancaro likwisithili saseSantiago.
Izihloko eziye zanikezelwa kwisixeko saseCuzco.
Izihloko ezinikezelwe kwisixeko saseCuzco
Ngenxa yokwembiwa kwezinto zakudala kwama-Inca kwisixeko saseCuzco, iye yafumana izibizo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezihloniphekileyo, ezizichaza ngokuzingca okukhulu, zezi zilandelayo:
• IsiXeko sokuQala kunye neVoti yokuQala yazo zonke iiDolophu kunye neeDolophu zaseNew Castile, ezinikezelwe kwisixeko saseMadrid ngeSatifikethi saseRoyal sikaCarlos V, ngo-Aprili 24, 1540.
• I-Insigne kakhulu, iNoble kakhulu, iThembekile kwaye iThembekile isixeko saseCuzco, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kunye nentloko yezikumkani zasePeru, enikwe kwisixeko saseMadrid ngeSatifikethi saseRoyal sikaCarlos V, ngoJulayi 19, 1540.
• I-Archaeological Capital of America, eyanikezelwa yi-XXV International Congress of Americanists, eyayibanjelwe kwisixeko saseLa Plata, eArgentina, ngo-1933, yaxhaswa yiCongress of the Republic of Peru ngenombolo yoMthetho 7688 yomhla kaJanuwari 23, 1933
• ILifa leMveli leNkcubeko leHlabathi, lawongwa yiNkomfa yeSixhenxe yooSodolophu beZixeko eziMakhulu zeHlabathi, eyadibana eMilan, e-Italiya ngoAprili we-19, 1978.
• ILifa leNkcubeko loBuntu, elanikezelwa yiUNESCO, eParis, eFransi ngoDisemba 09, 1983
• ILifa leMveli leNkcubeko leSizwe, elinikezelwe phantsi kwenombolo yoMthetho 23765 yomhla we-30 kaDisemba, i-1983, kwaye ibizwa ngokuba kwinqaku lalo Mthetho, isixeko saseCuzco, i-Tourist Capital yasePeru.
• Ikomkhulu lembali lasePeru, elanikezelwa yiMagna Carta yesizwe sasePeruvia kwinqaku lama-49 lomhla we-1999.
• I-Historical Capital of Latin America, eyanikezelwa yiNkongolo ye-Latin America yoCeba kunye noCeba, kwisixeko saseCuzco, ngoNovemba ka-2001.
• I-American Capital of Culture, eyanikezelwa yi-American Capital of Culture Organisation ngo-2007
Izivumelwano zobuzalwana kunye nesixeko saseCuscoo
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yamashumi asibhozo, isixeko saseCuzco, ngokusebenzisa uMasipala wePhondo laseCuzco, senze izivumelwano ezahlukeneyo zobuzalwana kunye nezixeko ezingamashumi amabini ananye, ngenxa yoku, kudityaniswa ngamakhonkco embali, isithethe kunye nenkcubeko, izixeko iiSisters. zeCuzco zezi zilandelayo:
• ILa Paz, ilizwe laseBolivia, ukususela ngoMatshi 1, 1984
• IBaguio, ilizwe lakwiiPhilippines, ukususela ngoMatshi 08, 1984
• ISamarkand, ilizwe laseUzbekistan, ukususela ngoAgasti 04, 1986
• IsiXeko saseMexico, kwilizwe laseMexico, ukususela ngoJuni 17, 1997
• IKyoto, ilizwe laseJapan, ukususela ngoSeptemba 19, 1987
• EKrakow, ePoland, ukususela ngoNovemba 08, 1988
• ENew Jersey, kwilizwe laseUnited States, ukususela ngoNovemba 08, 1988
• Chartres, ilizwe laseFransi, ukususela ngo-Oktobha 21, 19889
• IKaesong, ilizwe laseMntla Korea, ukususela ngo-Oktobha 22, 1990
• IAthene, ilizwe laseGrisi, ukususela ngoSeptemba 19, 1991
• ISanta Bárbara, ilizwe laseUnited States, ukususela ngoAgasti 29, 1992
• IMoscow, ilizwe laseRashiya, ukususela ngoJuni 23, 1993
• IHavana, ilizwe laseCuba, ukususela ngoNovemba 22, 1993
• EBhetelehem, ilizwe lasePalestina, ukususela ngo-Oktobha 22, 1993
• IYerusalem, ilizwe lakwaSirayeli, ukususela ngoMatshi 23, 1996
• ECopán, ilizwe laseHonduras, ukususela ngoAprili 11, 1996
• IXi'an, ilizwe laseTshayina, ukususela ngoJuni 21, 1998
• IPotosí, ilizwe laseBolivia, ukususela ngoJuni 22, 1998
• ICuenca, ilizwe lase-Ecuador, ukususela ngoMatshi 14, 2000
• IMontevideo, ilizwe laseUruguay, ukususela ngoJulayi 19, 2001
• IRio de Janeiro, ilizwe laseBrazil, ukususela ngo-Oktobha 10, 2003
Ezinye iindawo zabakhenkethi eCuzco
Isixeko saseCuzco sitsala amawaka abakhenkethi mihla le ngenxa yobuhle baso bakudala, sithethe ngeSacsayhuaman, iCoricancha kunye neMachu Picchu, kodwa kukwakho nentlambo ebomvu yasePitumarca, ikumazantsi eCuzco, yonke into idayiwe ngombala obomvu kuba. yeminerali efumaneka emhlabeni, inika oko kungaqhelekanga kubume bendawo.
Ifikelelwa kwisixeko saseCuzco, iiyure ezintathu zokuhamba ukuya kwidolophu yasePitumarca yenziwa ngomhlaba, nangona inokuba ngehelikopta, xa ifika edolophini ithatha iiyure ezimbini ngeenyawo kwaye indawo ifikelelwa, kubakhenkethi. yinto eqaqambileyo.
Kukho enye indawo ebizwa ngokuba yiminqamlezo emithathu yegolide, nakwisixeko saseCuzco, kwidolophu yasePaucartambo, uhamba ngendlela iiyure ezine, emva koko uthathe isithuthi sabucala ukuya kule ndawo, kukwakho iPiquillacta, isixeko sangaphambi kwe-Inca. eCuzco, kucingelwa ukuba malunga neshumi labemi belihlala kwesi sixeko, sikumazantsi eCuzco.
Kwisalathiso seMachu Picchu, ushiya iCuzco, ungafika e-Ollantaytambo, enezakhiwo ze-Inca, izitrato zayo ezinamatye, iindawo zezolimo ezenziwe ziinjineli ze-Inca ezintle, ezazisetyenziswa kwesi sizwe, kuya kwenzeka ukwandisa imveliso yezolimo. ngendlela emangalisayo, nayo ineetempile zonqulo, eziziko lezinto zakudala namhlanje.
Eyona nto ibalaseleyo malunga nolu tyalo-mali olukhulu lwabakhenkethi kukuba iCuzco, nangona iyikomkhulu lembali lasePeru, iphambili kwezobuchwepheshe, kuba amatikiti othutho oluhlukeneyo lomhlaba anokuthengwa kwi-Intanethi, kuba isixeko saseCuzco sihlaziywa ngokupheleleyo.
Ukutyelela i-Machu Picchu, kuyimfuneko ukuhamba ukusuka kwisixeko saseCuzco ukuya kwidolophu yaseAguas Calientes, apho unokuhlala khona kwaye ngosuku olulandelayo, ngenxa yeendawo ezahlukeneyo zabakhenkethi, unokutyelela intaba enkulu kakhulu.
Ukuba ulifumene linomdla, eli nqaku elithi "Fumana iMbali yeCuzco, ingcambu yoBukhosi be-Inca" Ndiyakumema ukuba undwendwele la makhonkco alandelayo: