Enye yezona mpucuko zinamandla kuMbindi Merika, ezisaphembelela izithethe zaseMexico, yayiyi Purepecha inkcubeko. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga noluntu lwakudala, kukho ulwazi oluninzi kweli nqaku kuwe!
Inkcubeko yePurepecha
Impucuko yaseTarascan, ekwaziwa ngokuba yinkcubeko yePurépecha, yayiluluntu olwalulawula entshona yeMexico, lusakha ubukhosi obukhulu obabusoloko bungquzulana nenye impucuko ebalulekileyo yexesha le-postclassic, ama-Aztec.
Ubukhosi baseTarascan buhlala ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingamashumi asixhenxe anesihlanu amawaka eekhilomitha ezili-square, ababezilawula ukusuka kwi-capital Tzintzuntzan, nangona kunjalo, yayiselulwandiso oluncinci lwendawo kunolawulo lwama-Aztec.
Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba inkcubeko yamaPurépecha yayihambele phambili kakhulu kunezinye izizwe zamaNahuatl, ezahlala kufutshane neentaba zeSierra Madre.
Ngamaxesha angaphambi kobukoloniyali, iiPurépechas zazilawula ummandla wazo kummandla waseMichoacán, ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ngama-Aztec.
Le mpucuko ayizange yoyiswe ngabantu baseYurophu ngendlela efanayo nangexesha elinye nama-Aztec, athi oyiswa yimikhosi yasemzini ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-1530. IiPurépechas zahlala ngaphandle kwezi mfazwe de kwamalunga nowe-XNUMX, xa zahlaselwayo. iSpanish. Kucingelwa ukuba abazange bazinanze izicelo zoncedo ezazisenziwa ngama-Aztec kangangamashumi eminyaka.
Inkqubo yokoyisa kunye nokufakwa kwamathanga kwindawo yasePurépecha yayahluke kakhulu kuleyo yayisebenza kubamelwane bawo bama-Aztec, abathi abaseYurophu babacinezela baza babalawula ngokupheleleyo. Ummandla wenkcubeko yePurépecha wawulawulwa ngabantu basemzini njengelizwe elineengcwangu elihlawula irhafu.
Uburhabaxa phakathi kwezizwe ezingabamelwane babukhona, ungquzulwano kunye nemfazwe phakathi kwezi zizwe zibini yaphela ngokuthanda iiPurépechas, oku ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba amaTarascan enza izixhobo zawo ngesinyithi, ngakumbi ubhedu nobhedu.
Ngowe-1470, iiPurépechas zazingaphumelelanga nje kuphela imfazwe yazo nama-Aztec, kodwa zawuhlutha umhlaba wazo, zaza zahlala eTenochtitlán, iAztec hotspot.
Le nkcubeko nayo yayiphuculwe kwaye yakhiwe, yayinombutho wezopolitiko kunye nentlalontle, njengezinye impucuko kummandla. IiPurépechas zazineenkokeli zonqulo, abacebisi, abaphumi-mkhosi, amagcisa, yaye inkoliso yabo yayingabantu nje abaqhelekileyo. Abo banqulayo babedla ngokuzahlula kuba babephethe amathangazana ecuba ajinga ezintanyeni zabo.
Amagcisa ayelicandelo elibaluleke kakhulu kolu luntu olwaluxhomekeke kakhulu kurhwebo. Ezi zaziqatshelwa ubucwebe bazo obenziwe nge-obsidian, isilivere, igolide, ubhedu, ubhedu, kunye neturquoise.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi esisiseko yale nkcubeko yayilurhwebo, olwavumela ukugcina ama-Aztec phantsi kolawulo, emva kweengxabano ze-1470.
Kwakhona babenamandla okuloba, athathwa njengeeMasters zeNtlanzi. Ngaphandle kokulawula imigodi yesilivere kunye negolide kwindawo leyo, eyenza ukuba ibe yinkampani ebaluleke kakhulu kwezorhwebo, ngakumbi kwindawo yaseMichoacán.
Iimveliso ezithengiswa kakhulu kwiimarike zenkcubeko yePurépecha yayiziingceba zeseramikhi, izixhobo zobhedu kunye nobhedu, ubucwebe, intlanzi, icuba, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zemifuno.
Ubicación
Isizwe samaPurépecha sasikummandla waseMichoacán eMexico ecaleni kweentaba zaseSierra Madre. Ekuqaleni babesaziwa njengeTarascos kwaye bazithathela indawo enkulu ngokufanelekileyo, nangona babesondele kakhulu kuma-Aztec, izizwe ezazidume ngokuthambekela kwabo kwingxabano kunye nokulawula.
IPurépecha yayinenkcubeko, ulwimi nezithethe ezahluke ngokupheleleyo nezantlandlolo zaloo mmandla, ngokomzekelo ulwimi lwasePurépecha, alunxulumananga nolwimi lwaselumelwaneni lwama-Aztec, nangona indawo eyayikuyo yayisondelelene kakhulu.
Uluntu lwasePurépecha lwaba yinkcubeko ephucukileyo kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lezopolitiko kunye nokuhlelwa kwezentlalo kwixesha eliphakathi kwe-postclassic, esona sizwe sibaluleke kakhulu yiWakúsecha, yeqela lesizwe saseChichimeca, oyintloko Tariacuri waseka ikomkhulu lokuqala ePátzcuaro malunga ne-1325. emva kukaKristu. .
Ummandla olawulwa ziiTarascans waphinda waphinda kabini umlinganiselo walowo wawuhlala kwizizukulwana zangaphambili, kwaye imveliso kunye norhwebo lombona, i-obsidian, ibasalt, kunye neekeramics zanda ngomlinganiselo ofanayo.
Ukunyuka kwamanqanaba echibi kwi-Pátzcuaro basin kukwathetha ukuba iindawo ezininzi ezisezantsi zilahliwe kwaye ukhuphiswano lwezixhobo luye lwaba lubi kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zaseZacapu, ukuxinwa kwabemi kwanda kakhulu, kangangokuba abantu abangama-20.000 bahlala kwiindawo ze-13 kuphela.
Eli xesha liphawulwe ngokunyuka kweengxabano zombuso wasekhaya kunye nokungazinzi ngokubanzi phakathi kwabaphathi abaphezulu.
Namhlanje, bangaphezu kwekhulu lamawaka abantu baseMexico abathi bangookhokho, bazizithethi zePurepecha, kwaye banokulanda umnombo wabo emva kwesi sizwe.
Imvelaphi yenkcubeko yasePurépecha
Imbali yeTarascans iye yakhiwa ngokutsha ukusuka kwirekhodi yezinto zakudala kunye nezithethe zendawo, ezibeka imvelaphi yazo eMzantsi Melika, ehambelana ne-Incas. Kulo mmandla bahlala de bafudukela kuMbindi Merika, apho bahlala kwimimandla efanayo nama-Aztec.
Ezinye iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo zichazwe kwiRelacion de Michoacán, uxwebhu oluhlanganisa amasiko ahlukeneyo abemi baseMichoacán, eMexico, ngaphambi kokufika kwabemi baseYurophu nowabhalwa ngumfundisi waseFrancisca uJerónimo de Alcalá phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX. .
Inkcubeko yePurépecha yayinembali engaphezulu kweminyaka engamawaka amabini, yahlala embindini nakumantla eMichoacán, igama elithetha indawo yabalobi abakhulu, kufutshane neZacapu, Cuitzeo kunye nePátzcuaro.
intsomi nenkolo
Unqulo lwePurépecha lwalunento efanayo nabamelwane balo abakuloo mmandla, ezinye izizwe zamaNahuatl ezazidla ngokusekela unqulo lwazo kumadini egazi. IiPurépechas, kwanaxa zazisenza amadini egazi, zazinikel’ ingqalelo ngakumbi kumbingelelo wemithandazo kunasegazini. Ayenothixo oyilwe zizithixo eziliqela ezinxibelelene ngokusondeleyo namandla endalo.
Unqulo lwamaTarascan lwalubanga iPátzcuaro Basin njengesazulu sendalo esingqongileyo namandla ayo. Kubo, indalo iphela yayahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: Isibhakabhaka: silawulwa ngoyena thixo ubalulekileyo nophambili, uthixo welanga uKurikaweri, inkosi yesibhakabhaka nemfazwe, lowo ngokweenkolelo zikaPurépecha kwakunokuqhagamshelwana naye ngegazi nangokutshiswa komlilo. iinkuni.
Umfazi wakhe, isithixokazi sasePurépecha uKwerawáperi wayenguMama woMhlaba, wayelawula ecaleni kwakhe kunye nentombi yakhe uXaratanga, uthixokazi obaluleke kakhulu owayelawula ulwandle nenyanga.
Unqulo lwamaTarascan lwalukhokelwa nguMbingeleli Omkhulu Owongamileyo owayeyintloko yodidi lwababingeleli olwahlulwa ngamanqanaba awahlukeneyo. Abefundisi babonwa ngokulula kwiindawo zasePurépecha ngethanga lecuba ababelinxibe ezintanyeni zabo.
Kucingelwa ukuba iiTarascans zathatha izithixo zakudala zasekhaya kwaye zadityaniswa okanye zabadibanisa noothixo abatsha kunye nentsusa yeTarascan. Kwakhona kunokubonwa ukuba izithixo ezininzi zezizwe ezoyisiweyo zazifakwe kwizithixo zazo ezisemthethweni.
Banqulwa baza banikelwa ngamadini namadini atshiswayo, bakha neepiramidi zokuzukisa oothixo, ezintlanu eTzintzúntzan nezintlanu eIhuátzio.
Uphawu lwenkolo yamaTarascan yayikungabikho koothixo abaqhelekileyo kwezinye iinkolo zaseMesoamerican, ezifana neTlaloc uthixo wemvula okanye uQuetzalcóatl uthixo oyinyoka eneentsiba. Njengoko ubona, iiPurépechas zazinqula oothixo abaninzi, nangona kunjalo inzala yangoku ilandela inkolo yamaRoma Katolika.
IiPurépechas okanye iiTarascans azizange zisebenzise ikhalenda yeentsuku ezingamakhulu amabini anamashumi amathandathu, kodwa zaququzelela unyaka welanga, kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinesibhozo zeentsuku ezingamashumi amabini inye.
Izithixo zeTarascan pantheon
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, izithethe zamaPurépecha zazinqula oothixo abaninzi, oko kukuthi, zazinqula oothixo abahlukahlukeneyo, ngamnye enegunya kwiinkalo ezithile nezizimiseleyo. I-pantheon yaseTarascan yenziwe ngoothixo abahlukeneyo phakathi kwabo sifumana:
-Curicaveri, uthixo ophambili kunye nomdala, onxulumene nomlilo, nguye olawula ukuqokelela, ukuzingela kunye neemfazwe. -Cuerauáperi (Kuerajperi): Uthathwa njengonina wabo bonke oothixo kunye nenkosikazi yothixo omkhulu, uCuricaveri. Inxulunyaniswa nomhlaba, inyanga, imvula nokuveliswa kwamafu. Phakathi kweentombi zakhe ezikhankanywe kakhulu zezi:
Umama welifu elibomvu okanye lowo ugqume ngesigqubuthelo somlilo, uMama welifu elimhlophe okanye lowo ugqunywe ngesigqubuthelo, uMama welifu elimthubi okanye lowo ugqume ngesigqubuthelo esimthubi kunye noMama. welifu elimnyama, okanye lowo ugutyungelwe ngomkhusane omnyama.
-Xarátanga : ithathwa njengothixokazi wenyanga okanye ukucela okufanayo, kwaziwa ngokuba yinyanga entsha kwaye ihambelana nokuzala, ezolimo, indalo kunye nokuzalwa kwezityalo ezibonelela ngokutya, njengombona, iimbotyi, njl.
-UTata Jurhiata, othathwa njengeNkosi okanye uBawo weLanga, unguthixo wemini kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo le nkwenkwezi. UnePehuame njengeqabane.
-Pehuame, inxulunyaniswa nomsebenzi kwaye kamva kunye nesityalo esithile sonyango esifumana igama elifanayo -Nana Cutzi, isithixo samandulo esidibene nenyanga ngoku.
Ulwimi lwePurepecha
Kumhlaba waseMexico kukho iilwimi ezininzi, iPurépecha yenye yazo yaye yayilulwimi lwempucuko yamandulo yaseTarascan. IPurépecha lulwimi olusemagqagaleni oluthethwa kumhlaba waseMichoacan.
Imbali yayo yaqala malunga ne-150 BC kwaye ilulwimi oluneempawu ezizodwa kulo mmandla, luqatshelwa kunye nezinye iilwimi zezizwana njengolwimi lwesizwe ngo-2003.
Ezona zimbini ziphambili sisiyelelane sasechibini, kufuphi neChibi iPátzcuaro, kunye nesasi sentaba-mlilo, kufutshane nentaba-mlilo yaseParicutín.
Kwanasemva kokufika kwamajoni aseSpeyin neendawo zawo zokuhlala kummandla wePurépecha, esi sithethe sahlala sizimele geqe ngokwesithethe saza sazigcina iingcambu zolwimi lwaso.
IPurépecha inolwalamano oluthile nesiQuechua, ulwimi oluthethwa sisizwe samaInca saseMzantsi Merika esikwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiPeru, ngoko kucingelwa ukuba iPurépecha isenokuba yaphuma eMzantsi Merika phakathi kwamaInca yaza kamva yafudukela kuMbindi Merika. indawo efanayo eyayihlala ama-Aztec.
Izithethe kunye nemiboniso yobugcisa
Amaqela ahlukeneyo yimibhiyozo eyayibanjelwe ukuqaphela isizwe sasePurépecha, esihlala iintsuku ezininzi, ezibandakanya izenzo zenkolo, iingoma, imidaniso kunye nemisebenzi yezandla. Umculo nomdaniso yayiyeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yasePurépecha. Imidaniso yemveli efana neDanza de los Viejitos okanye umdaniso wexhego, owaziwa ngolwimi lwasePurépecha njengo. T'arche Uarakua.
Yayisenziwa njengomnikelo kuThixo Omdala okanye Tata Jurhiata ngenjongo yokonwabela isivuno esihle nezinye izinto ezintle apha enyakeni, zitolikwa yi petamunis, abadala abalumkileyo bebutho laseTarascan. Baxhentsa ngesingqi se<em>pirekuas, isimbo somculo saba bantu, esadalwa ngokubhekiselele kwiingoma zonqulo zabavangeli basemazweni ababeze kushumayela kweli lizwekazi.
Usuku lokuqala lukaFebruwari kwikhalenda yethu lusuku apho iiPurépechas zibhiyozela ukuqala konyaka omtsha okanye uMlilo oMtsha, umbhiyozo ozinikele kuthixo. eCuricaueri umlilo omkhulu, ophawula ukuqala komnye umjikelo omtsha.
Inkalo echaphazelekayo kukuba nangona kufike abanqobi baseSpain kunye nokuhamba kwexesha, abantu basePurépecha baye bagcina izinto ezininzi zenkcubeko ezahlula kulo lonke elaseMexico.
Purepecha iintsomi kunye neentsomi
Ngokufana kakhulu nezinye iinkcubeko zaseMesoamerican, iiPurepechas zineentsomi, iintsomi kunye namabali emveli, ngokubanzi anxulumene noothixo babo, nangona kunjalo oku kwakungengomthetho. Masidibane nabanye abanomdla kakhulu:
Intlanganiso kwiSango leZulu
Le ntsomi yakudala yePurépecha ibalisa ngesihlandlo apho izithixo zeTarasco zazidibana kwiSango leZulu kwaye zaxela kwangaphambili ukuphela kobu bukhosi:
Amanye amadoda (abaseSpeyin) sele ekho yaye aza kuza kuwo; le nto bebefuna ukuba iKueravajperi ingavumeli kwaye ayiviwa.
ICamécuaro, ichibi leenyembezi
Kukho ibali leTarascan elibalisa ibali lenkosazana yasePurépecha egama linguHuanita kunye nothando lwakhe ngoTangáxhuan, indlalifa yokumkani waseTariácuri, umseki woBukhosi obunebhongo nobunzulu bePurépecha, obuseMichoacán nakwezinye iindawo zaseJalisco naseGuanajuato.
Lwalukhulu kakhulu uthando lwaba bantu babini baselula, kodwa ubuhle benkosazana yayisilingo kwabaninzi, uCandó onobuganga, umfundisi okhohlakeleyo nongendawo, wamxhwila wamgcina evalelwe ngaphakathi kweCutzé yácata. Esoyika yaye ebuhlungu, uHuanita wakhala iintsuku ezininzi ngenxa yale ntlekele. Iinyembezi zakhe zenza ichibi elikhulu, ngoku elaziwa ngokuba liChibi eCamecuaro, indawo yobukrakra obufihliweyo.
UTangáxhuan waxelelwa ngendawo ekuyo inkosazana yaye ngaphandle kokulibazisa waya kuyikhangela, ephethe isaphetha notolo, esihla ezindulini, de wayibona iCandó mgama. Ebonisa ubuchule bakhe baseTangáxhuan, wathabatha isaphetha notolo waza wadubula, egqobhoza isigebenga, esasibethelelwe emthini waseAhuehuete, owaziwa njengesabino.
Amandla otolo kunye nokuvuthela komzimba kaCandó kwahlula isiqu somthi, kuphuma kuwo amanzi amaninzi aluhlaza abumba umthombo ongatshiyo.
Yayibanjalo ke intlungu yenkosazana xa yayikhala isithi iinyembezi zayo zinamandla ayingozi. Le ntsomi yenkcubeko yePurépecha ithi abo baqubha ukuya ezantsi kwechibi banokubona emanzini inenekazi elihle nelingaqondakaliyo elibathatha ngeenyawo ukuze bahlale ecaleni kwakhe ngonaphakade.
Amanye amabali
Kukho amabali amaninzi amafutshane kwaye ayonwabisa kakhulu kwinkcubeko yePurépecha, ethandwa nanamhlanje ngabafundi abaninzi bayo yonke iminyaka. Kule vidiyo unokufunda malunga namanye amabali amnandi eTarascan:
IGastronomy
Uninzi lwezixeko kunye nabahlali bomthonyama batyala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zombona, ithanga, iimbotyi, itshilisi, njl. Umbona oblowu, omfusa namhlophe unokubonwa ngokubanzi, othe ukongeza ekubeni kokunye kokutya okuphambili okwenziwa njengemveliso yokuthengisa, ngokutshintshiselana okanye ngokuthengiswa, ukufumana ezinye iimpahla eziyimfuneko eluntwini.
Kodwa ngaphezu kwako konke, ukuhlwayelwa kombona kunye neembotyi kwakumela ukutya kweentsapho zePurépecha kunye nombona kwaye ngoko ke indlela yabo yokuphila.
Abadidi abaphantsi basebenza kwi<em>milpa, yonke intsapho, umfazi, indoda, kunye nabantwana babo yaye kwiimeko ezininzi abazukulwana babo, babelungisa umhlaba, balima baze banyamekele isityalo, ngaloo ndlela beqinisekisa ukutya kwabo. Kodwa ukusebenza umhlaba kwakungelula, usebenza imini yonke kwaye utye kwi-milpa, kwaye uqhubeke usebenza.
Yingakho isidlo esingaphandle komhla wokusebenza kufuneka sibe ngumzuzu okhethekileyo, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezondlo. Kwakukho izitya ezifika ngexesha zamaxesha akhethekileyo kunye nemibhiyozo ebomini bolu luntu.
Inhlama okanye i-atole emhlophe, isiselo esimnandi nesishushu esenziwe ngengqolowa ephekiweyo kunye neyongwe ngeentlobo ezinevumba elimnandi, umzekelo, kunikezelwa ngexesha lokuzalwa komama, njengokutya okuphambili kwaye kunikelwa njengesipho ekubhaptizweni. 
U-Atole uyakhonzwa nasemitshatweni, kumsitho wokuthiywa kwamagama e-cargueros nakwimingcwabo okanye ukuvuka. I-Churipo sisidlo sesintu esiquka umhluzi wenyama yenkomo, enongwe ngetshilisi ebomvu kunye nodidi lwetamale eyaziwa ngokuba yi-corundas. Ikhonzwa kwimitshato, ubhaptizo kunye nemibhiyozo yomnye umxhasi ongcwele.
ICorunda yenziwe ngombona kwaye igalelwe ijaguacatas, igama elithi Purépecha elichaza iimbotyi. Xa kuziwa kwimivuso kunye nemingcwabo, kuyisiko ukukhonza i-atapakua kwabo bagqiba ekubeni benze ukubonakala. Esi sidlo yi-mole ebomvu apho umbona womhlaba omfusa okanye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-auyama okanye imbewu ye-chilacayote yongezwa kwaye inokuhambelana okuxineneyo. Kukho esinye isitya esifana kakhulu nenyama kwaye saziwa ngokuba yi-xanducata.
ubugcisa kunye nezakhiwo
Uphawu loyilo lwasemva kwexesha lwePostclassic lweTarascans zizakhiwo ezinkulu ezaziwa ngokuba Yacata, edibanisa iiphiramidi ezinyathelweyo kunye nesimo soxande kunye nesangqa.
Las Yacatas ziiphiramidi zetempile, ekuqaleni bezinoxande, kodwa kamva zakhiwa zaba nkulu kakhulu kwaye zinemilo eyahlukahlukeneyo.
En Tzintzuntzan, kukho izakhiwo ezihlanu ezibekwe kwiqonga elikhulu leemitha ezingamakhulu amane anamashumi mane ubude namakhulu amabini anamashumi amahlanu eemitha ububanzi, apho kwakuqhutyelwa khona amatheko onqulo.
Iyácata ngaphakathi yayinamatye alungelelanisiweyo aza abanjwa ngohlobo lwelitye lentaba-mlilo elaziwa ngokuba yanamu, ezazibanjelwe ndawonye zaza zomelela ngodaka. Ukwembiwa kwala matye ezikhumbuzo antsokothileyo kuye kwatyhila amangcwaba, anentaphane yezinto zakudala, izinto zemihla ngemihla, nezacholo.
kufutshane kakhulu kwi Yacata kwabekwa imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, apho iminikelo kunye nemibingelelo yayidla ngokunikezelwa, efana kakhulu nezinye iinkcubeko zaseMesoamerican.
Kukho iithiyori ezahlukeneyo ezinxibelelanisa ezi zikhumbuzo kwiintsomi zaseTarascan kunye nenkolo, echaza ukuba le nkcubeko icinga ukuba Yacata ibekwe kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zommandla abamele isibhakabhaka, indawo ehlala abantu bayo ngumhlaba kunye nechibi njengendawo engaphantsi komhlaba enokwenzeka.
Okwangoku, kwii-yácatas ezintlanu ezakhiwe kwisiseko esikhulu samatye e-Tzintzuntzan, ngamabhodlo kuphela asele, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokungahoywa kwaye ngokucacileyo ngenxa yokuhamba kwexesha, oku kuyeyona nto inempembelelo ekuwohlokeni kwayo okuqhubekayo.
E-Ihuatzio, Indawo yaseCoyote, yayiyindawo yokuhlala yasePurépecha, eneeyantlukwano ezinkulu kwiisampuli zezakhiwo, phakathi kwayo inkundla yomdlalo webhola waseMesoamerican. Iingqayi zeTarascan zibonakaliswe ngeengqayi zayo ngokumila kwezilwanyana kunye nezityalo, ii-tripods, iincinci ezincinci kunye neenqanawa ze-tubular, zonke zihonjiswe kakhulu.
Babengamachule okusebenza ngesinyithi, beyiphatha ngobuchule isilivere negolide. Ngaphezu koko, babengamachule amagcisa enziwe ngezinto ezifana neobsidian, awenza ngayo izacholo zeendlebe nemilebe, ezalekwe ngamalaphu egolide, ahonjiswe ngeturquoise.
Ikomkhulu elikhulu lenkcubeko yasePurépecha
Ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo le-postclassical phakathi kwe-1350 kunye ne-1520 AD, ekwaziwa njengesigaba seTariacuri, ikomkhulu lobukhosi kunye nesixeko esikhulu saseTarascan saziwa ngokuba yiTzintzúntzan el. indawo yehummingbird. kwindawo ekumntla-mpuma weLake Pátzcuaro.
IiPurépechas zalapho zazilawula, ngenkqubo yolawulo lwabefundisi nengqongqo ngokungqongqo, phantse izixeko ezilikhulu ezingqonge eli chibi.
Ukuya ku-1522 inani labemi besitya laqokelela malunga namashumi asibhozo amawaka abantu, iTzintzúntzan iyodwa yayinabantu abangamashumi amathathu anesihlanu amawaka. Esi sixeko silikomkhulu yayiliziko lolawulo, lezorhwebo kunye nenkolo yobukumkani baseTarascan kunye nekhaya lokumkani okanye iKasonsí.
Iiprojekthi ezibanzi zokunkcenkceshela kunye ne-terracing zenziwa ukwenzela ukuxhasa abantu abaninzi kangaka ngeemveliso zezolimo zasekhaya, nangona kunjalo ukuthengiswa kwempahla kunye nezinto eziphathekayo kwakubalulekile kwaye kuyimfuneko.
Uluhlu lweemarike zengingqi kunye nenkqubo yokuhlawula irhafu yenza ukuba kuqinisekiswe iimpahla ezisisiseko ezaneleyo kubemi bendawo; nangona kunjalo, uluhlu olulungileyo lwamaqhekeza e-ceramic, amaqokobhe kunye neentsimbi nazo zagcinwa, ngakumbi iingots zegolide nezesilivere, ukongeza kubasebenzi, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuno yabaphambukeli.
Iziqhamo, imifuno, iintyatyambo, icuba, ukutya okuphekiweyo, imisebenzi yezandla, kunye nezinto ezikrwada ezifana ne-obsidian, ubhedu, nobhedu oluxutyiweyo zathengwa zaza zathengiswa kwezi marike zixakekileyo.
Iqela elilawulayo lalijongene nokulawula yonke into enxulumene nokutsalwa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kunye nesinyithi, ukongezelela kuyo yonke into eyayiza kucaciswa ngabachwephesha abanobuchule, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba babehlala kwisakhiwo sebhotwe laseTzintzúntzan.
Kukho ubungqina bemveliso yegolide ezimeleyo kunye nesilivere kwimimandla esempuma-mpuma nasentshona, ehambelana nobungqina kunye neesampuli ezivela kumaziko olawulo lwesibini kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu.
AbakwaTarascan bathengisa iimveliso zabo kuthungelwano lwentengiso ukufumana okanye ukungenisa izixhobo kunye nezinto ezifana nezi:
- Oluluhlaza
- Ikristale yelitye
- amatye anqabileyo afana nejeyidi
- Umqhaphu
- kakhokho
- Sal
- iintsiba ezingaqhelekanga.
Baye bavelisa iintsimbi zobhedu ezenziwe nge-tin, ubhedu, kunye ne-alloys zobhedu ezazihlala zisetyenziswa kwizithethe kunye nemidaniso yemikhosi kulo lonke elaseMesoamerica, emele ingeniso ebalulekileyo. Urhulumente uphinde walugcina ulawulo kwaye wagqiba kwimiba enxulumene nolawulo kunye nolwabiwo:
- imihlaba namahlathi
- Imigodi yobhedu kunye ne-obsidian
- Ishishini lokuloba
- Iindibano zocweyo lwezandla.
Nangona kunjalo, akukacaci kakuhle ukuba leliphi izinga lolawulo kuluntu kunye neenkokheli zezizwe ezingasondeli kangako kwikomkhulu kwaye ukuba imiyalelo elandelwayo malunga nokufikelela kwezi zixhobo yayiyinyani.
La maqela eentlanga ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi ebukumkanini, nangona ngokwezopolitiko phantsi Tzintzúntzan, kwakhona igcinwe ulwimi lwabo kunye nezazisi zendawo, kodwa ngamaxesha emfazwe imbeko yabo rhoqo kwiinkosi zabo Tarascan yandiswa yi unikezelo amagorha.
Ngokutsho kweRelacion de Michoacán, ubuhandiba baseTarascan bohlulwa bangamaqela amathathu: ebukhosini, ebukhosini, obuphezulu kunye nabangaphantsi. Ubukhosi buhlala kwikomkhulu nakwindawo engcwele ye-Ihuátzio, eneneni yayilikomkhulu langaphambili leTarascan.
Umngcwabo wenkosi yaseTarascan ichazwa kwi-Relation, njengomthendeleko omkhulu wenkcubeko ye-Purépecha, apho yonke i-retinue yomlawuli ofileyo yabingelelwa, ukuze bahambe naye kwilizwe lomfi.
Eli qela laliza kujongana nesiphelo esibulalayo ngokuqhelekileyo laliyilwe ngamakhoboka amalunga namashumi amane, amakhoboka asixhenxe athandwayo, umpheki, umntu ogeza kunye nogqirha, nokuba kungenxa yokungathinteli ukufa kwakhe.
Siyakumema ukuba udibane namanye amakhonkco kule bhlog anokuba nomdla kuwe: