Indalo iphela izele ziziganeko ezimangalisayo ezithe, ngethamsanqa, zathathwa zezona teleskopu zintsonkothileyo. Phakathi kwezi kukho i-quasar okanye i-quasars, iziganeko zecosmic ezinemvelaphi enkulu. Enyanisweni, bachaza ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nemingxuma emnyama eqaqambileyo kodwa eyoyikisayo. Zizinto ezinomdla kwisayensi ephezulu.
Njengoko inzululwazi yeenkwenkwezi ihambela phambili, kuye kwenzeka ukuba ubone iimeko ezahlukeneyo zomdla. Ngokubonakala kwe-quasar, okuncinci kuye kwaqondwa malunga ne-cosmic mechanics. Ukuba yenye yezona zinto ziqaqambileyo kwisithuba esingaphandle, kubonakala kunomdla omkhulu ukwazi yonke into malunga nabo. Zibaluleke ngaphezu kokuba ucinga!
Unokuba nomdla kwinqaku lethu: Iidyunivesithi ezi-3 zehlabathi zokufunda ngeenkwenkwezi!
Yintoni iquasar? Eyona mpendulo isebenzayo ilapha!
Kuwo wonke ummandla wesibhakabhaka, kukho izinto ezikhanyisa kakhulu ukukhanya kunye namanye amacandelo. Umzekelo ocacileyo wale nto ziiplanethi ngokwazo, iinkwenkwezi kunye ne-supernovae ekhanyayo.
Nakuba kunjalo, kukho ubungqina benye into ekhazimla kakhulu ekhupha nohlobo oluthile lwamandla. Igama lale nto eyaziwayo ayikho enye into kwaye akukho nto ingaphantsi kwe-quasar okanye i-quasar.
Umthombo: Google
Ukuqonda ngokuthe ngqo ukuba yintoni i-quasar, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekuziphatheni imingxuma emnyama. Kuyaziwa okanye kuqikelelwa ukuba phantse kuyo yonke iminyele emikhulu umngxuma omnyama ogqwesileyo uhlala kumbindi weminyele.
Xa ubukhulu bomsebenzi womngxuma omnyama bukhula okanye buqina, yonke into ejikeleze kuyo ifakwe kwizinga eliphezulu. Isesibini kwisiphumo sokujikeleza komngxuma omnyama kunye neempawu zayo, esi senzo sithatha ukuqokelela okugqithisileyo kwamandla e-cosmic.
Ukuba sisixa esingenangqondo samandla aqokelelweyo, iqala ukugqatswa okanye ikhululwe esithubeni. Ijongwe kude, yenza esinye seziganeko eziqaqambileyo okanye eziqaqambileyo kulo lonke ulwandiso lwendalo iphela.
Ngokwenyani impendulo yokuba yintoni na iquasar inokushwankathelwa emva kokwanda komsebenzi womngxuma omnyama. Konke ukukhutshwa kwaloo mandla (amaza onomathotholo, ukukhanya, i-infrared, i-X-reyi kunye ne-UV) yinto ekugqibeleni ichazwa njenge-quasar.
Ngokusisiseko, enkosi ekuqondeni kwakho kube nokwenzeka kwipesenti enkulu, chonga umsebenzi ophakamileyo womngxuma omnyama. Ngokukodwa, ivumele ukuqhelana nezi zinto zasezulwini.
Ukujonga ngasemva emva kwequasar. Yintoni eyenza ezi ziganeko zikude zibe nomdla kangaka?
I-quasar ibe, ukususela ekufumaneni kwayo, enye yezona zinto zifundwa kakhulu ngokwendalo yesayensi. Ukufakwa kwikhathalogu njengeyona ndawo inkulu ekhupha izinto zamandla kunye nokukhanya, bahlala kwindawo enkulu phezulu.
iiquasars Zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo nemingxuma emnyama engaphaya. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ubungqina bezinye izinto ezenza ezi zinto zifunyanwe kakhulu.
I-quasar ibonakala ukusuka eMhlabeni ngenxa yezixhobo zokuqwalasela ezikhethekileyo kule njongo. Ngenxa yokukhanya kwezi ziganeko zikwanti kwi-cosmos, ukubanjwa kwazo kulula ngendlela ethile. Ngenxa yoku, kucingelwa ukuba ukusasazeka kwemitha, ukukhanya kunye namandla eziwakhuphayo sisimbuku senani elingenangqondo lelanga.
Amandla e-quasar
Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bemiba okanye ubunzulu bomsebenzi womngxuma omnyama, i-quasar enesiphumo ikhupha inqanaba elithile lamandla. Ngaloo ngqiqo, amandla okukhupha e<em>quasar anokufaniswa nokukhanya okuphuma kwiminyele engaphezu kwe-100 ngokubanzi.
Ngokukwanjalo, loo mandla avelisa ukukhanya okuthe saa, okungaphezu kokukhanya okudityanisiweyo kwamawakawaka elanga. Ayilolize idweliswe njengeyona nto inamandla kunye ne-incandescent kwi-cosmos.
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-quasar
Njengoko ukuqhubela phambili kwesayensi kunye nezixhobo ezitsha zokulinganisa zenziwe, izinto ziye zafunyanwa kwi quasar. Nangona zingakhange zichongwe njengazo, kugqitywa kwelokuba uninzi lwazo zinobunzima ngakumbi kunehelium. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukudibanisa kwamacandelo ngaphakathi kwe-quasar kunobukhulu obungaphaya kokuqonda kwangoku.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba izinto ezinzima kune-helium zikhona, kuthetha ukuba i-quasar ingaba ngumphumo wokubunjwa kweenkwenkwezi. Ngapha koko, uninzi lubambe ukuba iiquasars zikhona phakathi kwexesha le Isandi esikhulu kunye nexesha lokubunjwa kweenkwenkwezi.
Ukufunyanwa kwequasar
Umthombo: Google
Allan R. Schmidt wayengomnye wabantu bokuqala ukudibana nequasar. Kubonakala kungakholeleki ukuba kwisiqingatha senkulungwane eyadlulayo ezi zinto zasemajukujukwini zaqalisa ukuthathelwa ingqalelo.
Ngexesha lee-50 kunye nokufika kwamva nje kweeteleskopu zikanomathotholo, ukukhutshwa kwerediyo yokuqala okanye amandla angenamthombo ucacileyo abanjwa. Olu hlobo lwemitha kamva lwanxulunyaniswa neequasars. Iqumrhu elikwazi ukudubula "iijethi" zokukhanya kunye namandla anokuthi abonakale kude kakhulu emhlabeni.
Imvelaphi yegama le-quasar
Ngexesha le-50's, Kwakungekabikho nencinci ingcamango malunga nezi ziganeko. Njengenyaniso yokubamba amandla ngaphandle komthombo ocacileyo okanye inkwenkwezi yomgqugquzeli, kwagqitywa ukuba igama elifunyanisiweyo.
Ukusebenzisa isiqhulo esithi "quasi-stellar radio fources" eguqulelwe kwisiSpanish njenge "quasi-stellar radio sources", igama elithi quasar okanye quasar lazalwa. Ukususela kuloo mzuzu ukuya phambili, eli gama laqulunqwa, ukwandisa ukufunda kwezi zinto zomlingo.
Ukufunyaniswa kwenzululwazi kuye kwaququzelela ukubonakala kweyona quasar ikufutshane eMhlabeni
Eyona quasar ikufutshane noMhlaba Ichongiwe emva komsebenzi onzima wokufumanisa. Ezi zinto, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwazo okukhulu, zizigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni.
Ngoko ke, ukukhanya kuthatha ixesha ukuze kubonwe emhlabeni. Xa kujongwa, eyona nto ifunyenweyo kukukhanya okuphuma kwiquasar eyayikho kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo.
Nje ngeziphumo, I-quasar evela kwindalo yokuqala iyabonwa. Okwangoku, eyona quasar ikufutshane eMhlabeni ingaphaya kwe-750 yezigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya kude. Ngaba wayenokukubona ukufika kwexesha?