Nangona uninzi lwethu lufunda kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi kuphela ezimbini "eziphambili" zeentshukumo zomhlaba: intshukumo ejikelezayo y intshukumo yoguqulo, inyaniso ikukuba lo mxholo usanda kancinane, ekubeni umhlaba ungajikelezi kuwo ngokwawo kwi-engile echanekileyo ngokupheleleyo kuba ukekele kancinane kwiasi yawo ngezidanga ezimbalwa.
Ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni na iintshukumo zoMhlaba ngaphandle kokujikeleza kunye noGuqulelo?
Kubalulekile ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba, ukongeza kwiintshukumo ezi-2 ezaziwa kakhulu esele ndikhankanyile kumhlathi odlulileyo, umhlaba wenza ezinye iintshukumo ezi-3: Ukuqhubela phambili kwee-equinox, intshukumo yenutation kunye i-chandler iyawa, ezichaza ezinye iziganeko zendalo kunye nobude bemini nobusuku unyaka wonke, umzekelo.
Ezi ngqwalasela zongezelelekileyo ziye zaphakanyiswa ngokuqhubekayo emva kokwamkelwa ukuba iplanethi yethu, eneneni, inxanda kwaye siphila kwi-heliocentric hayi inkqubo ye-geocentric, njengoko kwakukholelwa kwiminyaka engama-500 eyadlulayo.
Ke ngoko, ukucacisa ngokupheleleyo ubuchwephesha obulawula iplanethi yethu, kubalulekile ukwazi nokuqonda kakuhle kakhulu. zithini iintshukumo zomhlaba neziphumo zayo kubomi basemhlabeni.
Isijikelezi-langa sethu esinguMhlaba sinomdla ngokwenene kwaye kufanelekile ukuba sifundwe nzulu, kodwa ngaba ubusazi ukuba iNASA ifumene ezinye iiplanethi ezifanayo nezethu kwi-cosmos? Ungaphoswa kwinqaku lethu Iiplanethi ezinjengomhlaba.
Ngaphambi kokungena nzulu kumcimbi wemiphumo yeentshukumo zoMhlaba, kuya kuba ngcono ukuphonononga eyona migaqo isisiseko efana nokuhamba kokujikeleza kunye nokuguqulelwa koMhlaba.
Ukunyakaza okujikelezayo
Intshukumo ejikelezayo yoMhlaba mhlawumbi yeyona nto yaziwa kakhulu kwaye ifundwe ngokushukuma komhlaba luluntu ngokubanzi. Le ntshukumo ihambelana nokujika okwenziwa yiplanethi kwi-axis yayo kwaye kuthatha iiyure ezingama-24 ukugqiba inguqu epheleleyo, ukuba ingongoma kumphezulu wayo ithathwa ngokubhekiselele kwilanga. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba iCawe.
Umhlaba ujikeleza ngasiphi isantya?
Isantya apho iplanethi yethu ijikeleza kwi-axis yayo ibalwe:a yi-1670 km/h, ukuba ilinganiswe ngaphezu kwe-ikhweyitha, apho inkulu khona. Isantya siyehla njengoko sisiya kwipali zomhlaba kwaye ingqukuva iyancipha.
Kuyamangalisa ukucinga ukuba isijikelezi-langa sethu sijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye asinakukwazi nokuyibona loo nto. Le nto yayiza kuchaza ngokugqibeleleyo enye yemigaqo yomthetho we-relativity ka-Einstein, apho imbono yokuhamba ixhomekeke kwisantya apho umbonisi ahamba khona. Njengoko sihamba eMhlabeni ngesantya esifanayo, asikwazi ukujikeleza, kodwa usomajukujuku okwiSikhululo saseMajukujukwini saMazwe ngaMazwe unokuyibona kakuhle loo nto.
Intshukumo yokujikeleza koMhlaba iqhutywa kwicala elingasentshona-mpuma, nto leyo ethetha ukuba xa besinokubona iplanethi yethu ukusuka phezulu (ipali engasentla) sisesithubeni, ibiya kujikeleza ngendlela echasene newotshi, njengazo zonke ezinye iiplanethi zethu. inkqubo yelanga, ngaphandle kweVenus.
Iziphumo zentshukumo yokujikeleza komhlaba
Ukuba uMhlaba ungayeki ukujikeleza ngokwawo uvelisa iziphumo ezithile kwi-atmosfera, enyanisweni, zibaluleke kakhulu ekuxhaseni ubomi njengoko sisazi ukuba uMhlaba uyeka ukujikeleza ngesiquphe, ubomi abunakubakho!
Iyintoni imiphumo yokujikeleza koMhlaba?
Imini nobusuku.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaye idume kakubi kuzo zonke iimpembelelo zokujikeleza kwiintshukumo zoMhlaba. Imini nobusuku zenzeka ngenxa yokuba uMhlaba, njengoko ujikeleza, utshintsha indawo ngokubhekiselele kwilanga ngendlela yomjikelo (rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-24).
Le nto, eyaziwa ngokuba "ziintsuku" ivumela iplanethi ukuba ibonakaliswe ngokukhuselekileyo kwimitha yelanga kwiindawo. Ukufunxa ubushushu emini kwaye bubukhuphe ebusuku, nto leyo enceda ukulawula imijikelo yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.
Isiqithi sase-Ecuador
Imilo yeeplanethi, eziqhumayo embindini (Umgca we-Equatorial) kwaye zithe tyaba ngokubhekiselele kwiipali, ngenxa yokuguqulwa okuveliswa yimpembelelo ye-centrifugal force eyenziwe ngenxa yokujikeleza okungapheliyo kweplanethi. Esi siphumo sibalulekile kwizinto zendalo ezifana namaza olwandle.
Imimoya
Imimoya esiyivayo kwiatmosfera yeplanethi yethu iveliswa njengesiphumo sokujikeleza kwayo, kuba oku kuvelisa intshukumo engaphakathi, ebangela ukuba iigesi ezingaphakathi ngaphakathi zijikeleze ngokulinganayo kodwa kwicala elichaseneyo ngokubhekiselele kwicala lokujikeleza. .
Intshukumo yoguqulo
Uguqulo yenye ye-2 eziphambili ukuhamba komhlaba, kule meko iplanethi ijikeleza i-orbit yelanga ngenxa yempembelelo yomxhuzulane owenziwe liLanga Ukuguqulelwa kwi-orbit yelanga kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-365, iiyure ezi-5 kunye nemizuzu engama-47, ehambelana noko siyazi njengonyaka wekhalenda. . Ngenxa yempembelelo enamandla yamandla elanga womxhuzulane kwiplanethi yethu, uMhlaba uhamba ecaleni kwendlela yawo ngesantya esimangalisayo se-106.200 km/h.
Iplanethi yethu ikumgama ophakathi kwe-150 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ukusuka elangeni, kodwa oku kunokwahluka kancinci ngokwendawo yeplanethi kwi-orbit, engenzi isangqa esigqibeleleyo, kodwa i-elliptical shape. Umhlaba ukufutshane nelanga ngenyanga kaJanuwari, nto leyo isivelisela impembelelo eyaziwa ngokuba yiperihelion (eyona ndawo ikufutshane kumgama ukuya elangeni ngexesha lokujikeleza).
Iziphumo zentshukumo yoguqulo
Esona siphumo siphambili sentshukumo yoguqulo kubomi kwiplanethi yethu kukulandelelana kwamaxesha onyaka emozulu unyaka wonke.
Nangona kwindawo ekufutshane ne-Equatorial Line (i-terrestrial tropics), olu tshintsho alubonakali kakhulu, njengoko sisiya kwiipali zomhlaba, utshintsho lwemozulu unyaka wonke luphawuleka ngakumbi.
Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthambeka koMhlaba kwi-axis yawo njengoko ujikeleza ilanga, nto leyo ethetha ukuba, ixesha elide ngonyaka ngamnye, imitha yelanga ayithambeki kangako (ebusika) okanye ithe ngqo ngokupheleleyo (ehlotyeni) .
Iintshukumo zomhlaba: Ukuhamba kwe-equinoxes
Nge Ukuqala kwee-equinoxes siye singene nzulu kulo mbandela kwaye umxholo uba nzima ngakumbi. Makhe sibone, uMhlaba awujikelezi nje kuphela kwi-axis yawo kwi-orientation ethe tye (ukujikeleza) kwaye ujikeleze ilanga (inguqulelo), iphinda ijikeleze ngokwayo njengomphezulu, iguqula isalathiso seepali zayo ngokubhekisele kwindawo.
Kule meko, lutshintsho olucothayo kunye ngokuthe ngcembe olubangela ukuba amazembe omhlaba ahambe ngendlela ejikelezayo. ipali ye-ecliptic. Le ntshukumo ithatha iminyaka engama-25.776 iyonke ukuze igqibezele inguqu enye yomjikelezo wayo.
Umjikelo ngamnye weminyaka engama-25.776 ogqityiweyo kule ntshukumo waziwa njengonyaka weplatonic kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide ngenxa yokuba ukujikeleza kwe-polar tilt ejikeleze i-ecliptic pole kucotha kakhulu. Ukuthambeka kuhamba malunga nemizuzwana eyi-50.3 ye-sexagecimal ngonyaka, ihambisa umhlaba idigri enye rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-71.
Ukuqonda ngcono le ntshukumo, sinokucinga ngomphezulu ojikelezayo. Umphezulu awujiki nje kuphela, uphinda uguqe ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye, ubangele ukuba i-tip yayo (okanye i-pole) itshintshe indawo ngokubhekiselele kwisithuba ngezikhathi ezithile.
Njengoko sele sikhankanyile, yintshukumo ecothayo kakhulu kwaye inokuchaza amaxesha otshintsho olukhulu lwemozulu kwisijikelezi-langa, njengamaxesha aziwayo omkhenkce.
Ukuhamba kwesondlo
I-nutation yenye yeentshukumo zomhlaba, eziphelelisana kwaye zenze intsonkothe ngakumbi intshukumo yokuthambeka komhlaba ngokunxulumene ne-ecliptic pole.
Ngale ndlela, i-axis yomhlaba ayishukumi kuphela ichaza isazinge esijikeleze ipali yentelekelelo (inguqu ye-equinocial), ikwahexa ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye, ngamaxesha athile ijikeleza ukuthambeka komhlaba ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene ngenxa yesiphumo esifanayo. ubunzima beplanethi xa bechatshazelwa ngamandla womxhuzulane weLanga neNyanga ngaxeshanye.
Le ntshukumo nayo inobuqhophololo, nangona ingekho ngqiqweni njengenguqu ye-equinocial. I isondlo sasemhlabeni ibangela ukuba iplanethi "ishukume", ijikeleza malunga nemizuzwana ye-9 ye-arc ngokubhekisele kwi-axis yayo rhoqo emva kweminyaka eyi-18.
Le ntshukumo yafunyanwa sisazi ngeenkwenkwezi uJames Bradley xa wayefunda ukuqhelaniswa ne-axes ye-polar yomhlaba ngokubhekiselele kwindawo ye-Aries.
Chandler Wobble
Ukugungqa kukaChandler, kwe iintshukumo zomhlaba, le ibikho yafunyanwa kutshanje, ngaphezu nje kweminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo, ngowe-1891.
I-Chandler wobble yiyantlukwano efihlakeleyo kwi-axis apho umhlaba ujikeleza, ngoku iyahluka ngesantya se-0.7 arcseconds rhoqo ngonyaka kunye nesiqingatha.
Oonobangela abavelisa i-Chandler wobble kwi-axis yoMhlaba akwaziwa, kodwa okwangoku kukholeleka ukuba yenzeka ngenxa yokwabiwa kwakhona kobunzima boMhlaba njengoko ujikeleza, ngakumbi imigangatho yolwandle. Nangona kunjalo, le thiyori ayikangqinwa.