I-Criadillas de Tierra yifungus exabisekileyo ekwabizwa ngokuba yiitapile zomhlaba, i-truffles yasentlango okanye i-turmas. Ngaphandle kokutya okumnandi kumazwe aseAfrika, kukuqhambuka kwemveli yaseSpain. Kweli nqaku sikubonisa iimpawu zayo, iindlela zokuyifumana, inkqubo yokuvuna kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-gastronomy. Qhubeka ufunda kwaye ufunde ngakumbi malunga nale fungus imnandi kwaye ungaphoswa ziinyani zayo ezinomdla.
Umhlaba weCriadilla
Luhlobo lwefungus yobukumkani beFungi okanye i-ascomycetes, ikwabizwa ngamagama abizwa ngokuba yi-turmas yomhlaba, i-truffles yasentlango okanye iitapile zomhlaba. Ezi zibonakala ngathi zingcwatywe kumhlaba oyisanti. Eyona ininzi yecriadillas yiTerfezia arenaria, edityaniswa nesityalo esinentyatyambo etyheli, nangona ingenzeki kuzo zonke iimeko. Isebenza njengokutya kwezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo ezifana nemivundla, imivundla kunye neegusha. Lo mngundo udliwe ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ngabemi bakumanxweme eMeditera. Okwangoku, icriadilla iba sisityalo esenza inzuzo enkulu kwezoqoqosho.
Uqoqosho
I-truffle yasentlango yeyobukumkani bokungunda, isahlulo se-ascomycota, se-pezizomycotina subphylum yeklasi ye-pezizomycetes ye-pezizales order, intsapho ye-terfeziaceae, ye-Terfezia, i-Tirmania kunye ne-Mattirolomyces genera.
Izixhobo
Umbungu ngumngundo ongaphantsi komhlaba, ofana netapile ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-10 yeesentimitha ububanzi kunye nokumila okungaqhelekanga. Iperidium okanye umaleko wangaphandle uba tyheli xa usemncinci, xa sele ukhulile ujika ubebomvu kwaye ujike ube mdaka. Igleba ibomvu bukhrim epinki, inevumba lomngundo eliphakathi kakhulu kunye nencasa eswiti. Iphuhlisa iisentimitha ezimbalwa ukusuka kumhlaba ongaphantsi, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyifumana. Lawa ma-mushroom, anesimo se-tuber esinempahla yenyama, adibanisa izityalo ezifana ne-jarilla, i-shrub ehlala ixesha elide, ngeengcambu zabo ezidityaniswe nazo nge-filaments kwaye ngale ndlela zifumana amanzi kunye neetyuwa zamaminerali.
Iimpawu zeMacroscopic
I-criadilla ineempawu ezithile ezinokubonwa ngeso lenyama, umzimba wayo ovelisa iziqhamo uboniswa ngendlela ye-truffle enemilo engaqhelekanga enokufikelela kwi-8 cm ububanzi, enokuthi, ibe nokukhula kwe-hypogeal, ngokuqhelekileyo umbala womhlaba. Ngokubhekiselele kwiperidium okanye umaleko okhuselayo, ulunge kakhulu kangangokuba unokususwa ngozipho. Kwimeko yokungaphathwa kakuhle okanye ukubethwa bathanda ukujika babemnyama. I-gleba okanye umhlaba olinyiweyo uxinene okanye ungenelele, ojika ube ngwevu kwiindawo ezingavundisiyo kwaye ube mnyama kwezona ndawo zineziqhamo. Inyama yale fungus ihlangene kwaye iqinile, iphunga layo alinamandla kwaye inokunambitheka okumnandi.
Ubicación
Lo mngundo womhlaba we-criadilla unokufumaneka kwintlango, imimandla eyinkqantosi nesentlango njengeKalahari eMzantsi Afrika, kunxweme lweMeditera, kumazwe anjenge-Iraq, iKuwait, iSaudi Arabia, iHungary kunye nentlango yeSahara kuMntla Afrika. Isenokufumaneka kwilizwekazi laseYurophu kwingingqi ye-Balkan kunye ne-Spain ngokukodwa e-Andalusia, e-Murcia nase-Extremadura apho izityalo ezizenzekelayo zivela khona nakwilizwekazi lase-Asiya ngokukodwa e-China.
Ifumaneka njani i-Earth Criadillas
Zifumaneka ikakhulu kwimihlaba eyisanti, kwiindawo zengca ye-herbaceous, eyaziwa ngokuba yingca ye-turmera, eyenzeka minyaka le ngeentyatyambo ezincinci, ezinde kunye ne-subspatulate. Ukukhangela kufuneka kuqhutywe emva kwexesha lemvula, into ephambili kukuqwalasela apho isityalo esineentyantyambo ezimhlophe. Xa sele ifunyenwe, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ngokucophelela umhlaba ukuze ubone ukuba kukho iintanda okanye iinduli ezincinci zomhlaba ngenxa yoxinzelelo olwenziwa yi-fungus xa ifikelela ekuvuthweni. Igrunjwe emacaleni ukuze ingonakalisi.
Iifom zokuqokelela
I-criadillas yomhlaba ikhula ngexesha lentwasahlobo kwiindawo ze-peninsular, phantsi komhlaba iisentimitha ezimbini okanye ezintathu ubunzulu, isivuno sazo esihle siya kuxhomekeka kwizinga lemvula kunye nokufuma okukhoyo kwindawo. Ukuzifumana kuyinto entsonkothileyo kuba zithanda ukudityaniswa emhlabeni, kodwa xa zikwinqanaba lokugqibela lokukhula zikholisa ukubonisa inxalenye yazo, evelisa intanda encinane okanye iqhuma phezu komhlaba. Ukuze ukwazi ukuqokelela, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube ne-punch evumela ukuba wenze uhlobo lwe-lever ukuze ukwazi ukukhupha kwimeko efanelekileyo.
Iinyanga zengqokelela enkulu ziphakathi kukaMatshi no-Epreli kwaye kuncinci ngoFebruwari kwaye kuncinci kakhulu ngoMeyi, konke oku kuya kuqinisekiswa ngamaxesha emvula, oko kukuthi, xa amaxesha eqala ekuqaleni. Abaqokeleli abanamava bathi ukuba kunetha ngeKrisimesi kuya kuba sisivuno esihle kakhulu, kuba baya banda kwaye batyebe.
Ukusetyenziswa kweGastronomic
I-criadillas yomhlaba okanye i-truffles yasentlango iba yinto efanelekileyo ngakumbi imihla ngemihla kumsebenzi we-gastronomic. Iphakathi kodidi lokutya kodwa hayi izinongo. Inomlinganiselo ophezulu we-antioxidants, ixabiso eliphezulu leprotheni, i-fiber, i-concentration ephezulu ye-polyunsaturated fatty acids efana ne-Omega 3 kunye ne-6. Zonke ezi zakhiwo zenza oku kutya kuphelele kwaye kunomsoco kakhulu. Kuthathwa njengolonwabo lwe-gastronomic kwaye ngokujika umdla omkhulu wezoqoqosho. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka kube ngokwemilinganiselo ephakathi kuba inokungatyeki nangona ineempawu eziluncedo kakhulu empilweni.
Isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha iitapile kwi-stews kwaye njengenxalenye yokuhlobisa izitya ezahlukeneyo. Ikwasetyenziswa kwi-tortillas okanye nasiphi na esinye isidlo esinamaqanda, sinokuqhotyiswa kwioli kunye negalikhi, kwi-gazpachos, i-croquettes, i-salads kunye ne-bacon enetyuwa, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi. I-criadilla ilula kwaye ikhawuleza ukuyipheka, indawo yayo yokupheka egqibeleleyo ifana neyomazambane kunye ne-flavour yayo ifaniswa ne-mushroom.
Ulondolozo lweCriadilla de Tierra
I-fungus kufuneka ihlanjwe kwaye ihlanjwe ide ibe mhlophe ngokunokwenzeka ngokuyifakela imizuzu emi-5 emanzini abilayo, emva koko ifakwe kwiglasi yeglasi ngamanzi kwaye itywinwe phantsi kwe-vacuum ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuya kuba kwixesha elide, kodwa ukuba iya kuba Ngexesha elifutshane, kufuneka ihlulwe kuphela, ihlanjwe kwaye yomiswe kakuhle kakhulu ukuba ifakwe i-vacuum ngaphandle kwamanzi. Ngaloo ndlela, abantu basekuhlaleni bakholelwa ukuba i-criadilla yomhlaba akufanele igcinwe ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala ngaphezu kweentsuku ezi-5, kuba inokubulala i-fungus. Abakwamkeli ukuzigcina efrijini kuba itshintsha kakhulu incasa yazo, kubo eyona nto ilungileyo kukuzitya phakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 nezingama-48 emva kokutsalwa kwazo.
Iinyani zolonwabo
Ngaba uyazi ukuba i-criadilla yobumba inezixhobo zokulwa ne-antibacterial kwaye yiyo loo nto isetyenziswa ngama-Bedouin ukunyanga izifo ezifana ne-trachoma, imeko yamehlo echaphazela amehlo omabini ngenxa yebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yi-Chlamydia trachomatis enokubangela ukungaboni. I-turma ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya yayikukutya okugqwesileyo kwaye yanceda ukunciphisa indlala yabemi kwaye ukusukela ngoko ibe yinxalenye yokutya kwabo kwemihla ngemihla. Okwangoku, ukuqokelela i-criadillas kuye kwaba yindlela yokwenza i-microtourism kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ekufuneni obu bumnandi.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, ezona zivuno zikhulu zolu hlobo zenziwa ngeVeki eNgcwele nangoMhla kaSaint Joseph. Ngaba ubusazi ukuba isitya segourmet sikaFaro eYiputa yayiyi-criadillas yomhlaba. ECairo zanikelwa kwitafile yeFatimid Caliph kwi909 BC.
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