Ungcoliseko lwaseCosta Rica, ngokutsho kwabahlalutyi bendalo, luhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nendlela yokusetyenziswa kwabantu baseCosta Rica. Ngenxa yokuba indlela yokutya kunye nokuveliswa kwabemi baseCosta Rica ithanda ukungcoliswa kwelo lizwe. Ukuze kulungiswe le meko, bonke abadlali kuluntu kufuneka babe yinxalenye yotshintsho olubhekiselele kwindlela ezinzileyo yokusetyenziswa.
Ungcoliso eCosta Rica
Imfuno yezinto kunye neenkonzo zoluntu lwaseCosta Rican ibe nefuthe elibi kwimithombo yendalo yeso sizwe, ngenxa yoko "indawo yendalo" eyenziwe ngummi waseCosta Rican, ingaphezulu kwe-8% yelizwe. ukukwazi ukuvelisa ngokutsha ubutyebi bendalo beso sizwe.
Ngokweenkcukacha ezinikezelweyo kwiNgxelo yokuQala yeNgxelo yokuSingqongileyo kwi-2017, ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo ukuvelisa iimpahla kunye neenkonzo zokusetyenziswa kweCosta Ricans kuye kwakhokelela kwiingxaki zokusingqongileyo ezifana nongcoliseko, ukwanda kwenkunkuma eqhelekileyo kunye netyhefu, kwaye kwakhona. ilahleko yezi zixhobo zendalo kunye nokuncipha kweyantlukwano yebhayoloji.
Ngenxa yoko, igunya eliphezulu lokusingqongileyo laseCosta Rica libike ukuba ilizwe libika ukusilela kokusingqongileyo okubangelwa yimodeli yokusetyenziswa kwangoku kwaye, ukuze kulungiswe le ntsilelo, onke amacandelo enza ubomi eCosta Rica kwaye anxulumene nokusingqongileyo. iingxaki, ngokuthe ngqo nangokungathanga ngqo.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba okusebenzayo kwabemi ukuvelisa inguqu kwindlela yokuziphatha ngendlela abasebenzisa ngayo izinto ezinikezelwa eluntwini kubalulekile. Olu tshintsho lubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kufuneka lusekwe ngendlela edibeneyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo enza ubomi belizwe, ukuze kusonjululwe ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo nelungelelanisiweyo iingxaki zokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kobutyebi bendalo kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma.
Ukusetyenziswa kweeMpahla neeNkonzo
Bonke abantu banezizathu ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa iimveliso kunye neenkonzo abazinikezelayo kwimarike yezoqoqosho, kwezinye iimeko zizinto ezinengqiqo apho imigaqo ehambelana neendleko zeemveliso, umgangatho wabo, uncedo, phakathi kwezinye iimpawu, zithathelwa ingqalelo. Ngokufanayo, abanye abathengi baqwalasela iimpawu ezinxulumene nempilo, inhlalakahle, kunye negalelo labo kuluntu.
Ezi mveliso zenziwe zithathela ingqalelo igalelo labo kuluntu, njengemveliso yezinto eziphilayo, zithengwa ngokubanzi ngabantu abatsha abanamandla amakhulu okuthenga, kuba iindleko zabo zibiza kakhulu. Ukongezelela, kwizinto zangaphambili zokulungisa ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo xa kudla, inkalo yeemvakalelo engenelela ngokungazi nayo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.
Ngokutsho kwesazi sezengqondo u-Amarillys Quiroz R, okhethekileyo kuphando lwabathengi, kukho izinto ezichaphazela abathengi ngokungazi, eziyimiba yeemvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo, ezinxulunyaniswa nobudlelwane babo kunye neminqweno yabo, kunye nobuntu babo. Kanye njengokuba ezi zinto zangaphakathi zisebenza, izinto zangaphandle zikwangenelela ezikhuthaza ukufunyanwa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo ngendlela engalawulekiyo, ngokuthengiswa kweemveliso, imiyalezo yentengiso, uthungelwano loluntu kunye nazo zonke ezinye iindlela ezidalelwe ukutyiwa kunye nokuthatha indawo.
Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ngumthengi ofundileyo kwaye ozinikeleyo kukhokelela ekubeni kucace malunga nendlela umthengi ngamnye anokuba ngummeli wotshintsho, ngenxa yesi sizathu kufuneka acace malunga noko kubandakanyekayo kwisenzo sokutya kwaye, ukongeza, ukufuna ukuba yinxalenye. yokutshintsha isimo sengqondo. Isenzo sokutya siqhutywa phakathi kwe-85 ukuya kwi-90% ngamacandelo angenangqondo kwaye kuphela i-10% ehambelana nolwazi lokuthengisa.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokuqonda
Oku kuthetha ukuba ngeli xesha lokufumana umntu olungileyo kufuneka usazi isizathu sokuba kutheni? ukufumana okulungileyo kwaye, ukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukufumana, umzekelo iselfowuni entsha, ipere yezihlangu ezisefashonini, ukutya kwindawo ethile, iimveliso zokucoca. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yoku, abathengi kufuneka baqonde indlela usetyenziso oluchaphazela ngayo ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nolawulo olwaneleyo lwengqondo yabo yezorhwebo neyezemali.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke ngenxa yokuba okwangoku uluntu lufakwe kumjikelo wezoqoqosho wokukhupha, ukuvelisa, ukutya kunye nokutshintsha. Lo mjikelezo wemveliso usekelwe ekuxhatshazweni kwemithombo yendalo ukuvelisa iimpahla kunye neenkonzo, ezibonelelwa phantsi kokucwangciswa kokuphelelwa yisikhathi, kunye nokutshintshwa kweemodeli ezintsha ngexesha elifutshane. Okukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni rhoqo, ukukhula koqoqosho okuqhubekayo kunye nokwanda kokungcoliseka kwendalo.
Oku kuguquguquka kokuveliswa kweempahla ngaphakathi kokucwangciswa kokuphelelwa lixesha kunokubonwa ngokulula kwishishini lefashoni kunye nethekhnoloji, ngohlaziyo rhoqo, umzekelo, iikhompyuter, oomabonakude kunye neeselfowuni. Kwishishini lefashoni, kunokubonwa ukuba inani elikhulu leempahla zenziwa ngexabiso eliphantsi, ngenxa yeendleko zabasebenzi abancinci abavela kumazwe anjengeBangladesh, iVietnam kunye neIndiya.
Oku kubandakanya ukuba abathengi baye kumatyathanga amakhulu eempahla apho bazithenga ngamaxabiso aphantsi kakhulu, abavumela ukuba batye iimpahla ezitshiphu kakhulu nezikumgangatho ophantsi ezithi zitshintshwe ngokukhawuleza. Ukukwazi ukufundisa abemi ukuba babe ngabantu abasebenzisa ingqondo kuthetha ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa ngokungeyomfuneko kweemveliso kunye nokufumana ezo mpahla bazifuna ngokwenene, kunye nokuqalisa kwakhona izithethe zakudala ezinjengokuthenga eyona nto iyimfuneko ngokwenene kunye nokulungiswa kunye nokusebenzisa kwakhona izinto.
Ngokunjalo, olu hlobo lokusetyenziswa ngokuqaphela lukwathetha ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona kweemveliso eziya kuyeka ukusetyenziswa, oku kuya kuvumela iimpahla ezilahliweyo ukuba zibuyele kumjikelo omtsha wemveliso kwaye zifake isandla kungcoliseko oluncinci lokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza, ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona yinkqubo enemveliso eya kuba yinxalenye yolu qoqosho luncinci lwesetyhula apho nabani na angathatha inxaxheba. Oku kuthetha ukuba inyathelo lokuqala kukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo.
Kule nto, kucetyiswa ukuba ngaphambi kokuthenga zibuze, ngaba ufuna ngokwenene ukuyithenga?Ukuba impendulo nguHAYI, ngoko sele uyazi ukuba awudingi ukuyithenga. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba impendulo ngu-EWE, ngoko eminye imibuzo kufuneka ibuzwe: Ngaba iya kuba yimveliso ehlala ixesha elide?Yeyiphi enye indlela endinokuyisebenzisa ngayo?Inakwenzeka ukuyibuyisela kwakhona?Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokuyilahla?
UQoqosho lweSetyhula
Ukuba iprojekthi ebanzi iqhutywe apho abemi kunye namashishini bathatha inxaxheba, beqaphela impembelelo engalunganga kwimekobume ebangelwa izenzo zabo, izicwangciso zoqoqosho lwesetyhula zinokusetyenziswa, apho kufunwa ukuba ixabiso lempahla kunye neenkonzo, njengoko. kunye nemithombo yobutyebi ihlala ixesha elide kuqoqosho kwaye inkcitho iyancitshiswa. Ngethuba lolu hlobo lweeprojekthi, amanyathelo okulungisa, ukuphinda asetyenziswe, ukuphinda asetyenziswe kunye nokuvuselela iimpahla zabathengi kuya kwenziwa.
Xa kuphunyezwa iprojekthi yoqoqosho lwesetyhula, iimveliso ezifunyenwe ekusetyenzisweni kobutyebi bendalo zinokudityaniswa kwakhona kwinkqubo yemveliso, ngenjongo yokuba inkunkuma ichaphazele okusingqongileyo kancinci kangangoko. Ngokutsho kwengxelo ye-UN Environment, ukuseka uqoqosho olujikelezayo kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa phakathi kwe-80% kunye ne-99% yenkunkuma evela kumashishini kunye naphakathi kwe-79 kunye ne-99% yokukhutshwa kwayo.
ICosta Rica ineyona ngxaki iphambili yokusombulula ukunciphisa ifuthe layo elibi kokusingqongileyo, ngenxa yokuba itekhnoloji esebenza ngayo kunye nokulungiswa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo kunye neyolwelo iphelelwe lixesha, njengakwamanye amazwe aseLatin America. Kumazwe anobuchwephesha obuhambele phambili, inkunkuma isetyenziselwa ukuhlanganisa umhlaba nokuseka iindlela neepaki, ukuvelisa umbane, kwakunye nezinye iiprojekthi nokwenza lo mba ushiyekileyo.
I-Makeup eluhlaza
Ukuguqula nokusebenza phantsi kweskimu soqoqosho olusetyhula, abathengi baseCosta Rican kufuneka batshintshe imikhwa yabo yokusebenzisa kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukuphinda basebenzise okanye baphinde basebenzise iimveliso ezithengiweyo. Ukufezekisa oku, kufuneka uhambe kwinkqubo yokwazisa kwaye unikezele ngolwazi oluyinyani noluthembekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwimarike yaseCosta Rican okwangoku, ezinye iimveliso ziphathwa kwaye zinikezelwa ngolwazi oludidayo okanye olungeyonyani malunga neempawu zabo ezinegalelo kokusingqongileyo, oko bakubiza ngokuba "i-makeup eluhlaza" kwaye, apho umthengi kufuneka unakekele. ngokwakho.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba abathengi bengenalo uqinisekiso oluyinxenye, abanalo ukhetho lokuqinisekisa ukuba luyinyani kangakanani na ulwazi kumgangatho wokusingqongileyo weemveliso. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Ukusombulula le meko, eCosta Rica ukusukela ngo-2019, yaqala ukuba neelebhile zokusingqongileyo kunye namandla okukhokela nokwazisa abemi malunga nomgangatho kunye negalelo labo lokusingqongileyo kwezo mpahla kunye neenkonzo abaza kuzifumana.
Ngaphambili, le nkqubo yayinokuba nesigaba sokwazisa abathengi, ngenjongo yokwazisa malunga nokunyaniseka kolwazi kwiilebhile ezintsha zokusingqongileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela umthengi anolwazi ngayo malunga nokubaluleka kokulondolozwa kwendalo kunye nokunyaniseka kolwazi oluboniswe kwiimveliso eziphawulwe ngaphambili, abathengi baya kukhetha okulungileyo kunye nenkonzo ethile, begatya ezo zithembekileyo kangako.
Njengoko kukho unikezelo lweemveliso ezineelebhile zokusingqongileyo, amagcisa okusingqongileyo ajonga ukuba ngumsebenzi wabemi ukuba bahlale benolwazi kwaye xa kuthengwa into elungileyo, baphonononge iilebhile kunye nokwakheka kweemveliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingaphakathi kwemimiselo kwaye iyahambelana neyona nto. imigangatho, ngoko ke musa ukuthenga iimveliso ezinombhalo oluhlaza ngolwazi olungenakuqinisekiswa.
Ngendlela efanayo, ngaphambi kokuthenga nayiphi na into enhle okanye inkonzo, kufuneka ucace malunga nento oyifunayo kunye nento oza kuyisebenzisela yona, kwaye ucinge nokuba inkunkuma yakho iya kuphathwa njani. Ukuze utshintshe indlela oyisebenzisa ngayo, kufuneka wenze utshintsho oluthile:
- Cacisa ukuba kutheni kufuneka utshintshe
- Phonononga indlela oyisebenzisa ngayo kwaye utshintsho lwakho luya kuba kusetyenziso oluzinzileyo
- Yenza isicwangciso sokutshintsha kancinci ukwenza ipatheni yakho entsha yosetyenziso
- Zibekele usukelo olufikelelekayo
- Yiba neenjongo ezicacileyo, ezifika ngexesha nezilawulekayo
- Cebisa isicwangciso somsebenzi esijongene nawe kwaye sikukhokelele kutshintsho lwakho
Sombulula uLawulo lwaManzi amdaka
Nangona eli lizwe lakuMbindi waseMelika lityale iimali ezinkulu ekwenziweni kweeprojekthi zokusingqongileyo kwaye likwayireferensi kwihlabathi ngokwembono yokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ulawulo olulambathayo lwamanzi amdaka luchaphazele umgangatho wamanzi kwimilambo yawo kunye neebhedi zawo. Eminye yeyona milambo ingcolisekileyo ngumlambo iTiribí, iMaría Aguilar neTorres, kwakunye neminye.
Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwamanzi amdaka angcolisekileyo aphuma kumakhaya angaqhagamshelwanga kwinkqubo yogutyulo lwelindle. Kungoku nje kuphela yi-21,5% yezindlu eziqhagamshelwe kumjelo wamanzi okusela kwaye kwezi zindlu ziqhagamshelweyo yi-37% kuphela efumana unyango lwamanzi amdaka. Ama-63% aseleyo adityanisiwe kodwa amanzi amdaka adlula kuwo awacocwa.
Izindlu kunye namashishini angaqhagamshelwanga, afaka amanzi awo amdaka kunye nemizila yezokucoca kunye nendle kwiitanki ze-septic apho udaka lulawulwa khona, nangona kunjalo, ngokutsho kwabasemagunyeni, ii-embargoes zizisa iingxaki ezithile. Njengoyilo olubi, ukwakhiwa kunye nokulawulwa kweetanki ze-septic kunye ne-drainage.
Le meko ichaphazela imilambo ngoko ke imimandla emilonyeni yemilambo, igqithiselwa kuyo, amanzi angcolisekileyo achaphazela iindawo eziselunxwemeni kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabakhenkethi edolophini kwaye kubangele umngcipheko wokosuleleka kwezifo kwabo batya la manzi.
Ukulawulwa kakubi kwamanzi amdaka eCosta Rica kuye kwadala ingxaki yezempilo kunye nendalo, ngenxa yevumba elibi emanzini. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni kubekho izifo zengqondo ezinjengokudakumba kunye nokwanda okunokwenzeka kobukho bezilwanyana ezinjengeempuku kunye nezinambuzane ezihambisa izifo.
Konke oku kuchasene nomfanekiso wokuba iiprojekthi zaseCosta Rica "njengelizwe eliluhlaza" kwaye, nangona kunjalo, ulawulo lwamanzi amdaka kunye nolawulo lwemifula lukude nolu didi. Ngenxa yoku, isicwangciso esibanzi solawulo lwamanzi amdaka kwilizwe laseMbindi Melika siphambili, esihamba kunye nesicwangciso sotshintsho kuqoqosho olujikelezayo, oluya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni inkunkuma kunye nemfundo yabemi abathi ngokuguqula baya kuba ngabokuqala ukubandakanyeka ekufuneni ukuba inkqubo yabo yokucoca amanzi amdaka isebenze.
Ndiyakumema ukuba uqhubeke nokwazi imimangaliso yendalo kunye nendlela onokuthi uzinakekele ngayo, ngokufunda ezi zithuba zilandelayo: