Njengoko ixesha lihamba, ukubaluleka kokulondoloza okusingqongileyo kungcoliso kuyavezwa. Kuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo zinokuba nelifa kwisijikelezi-langa sethu somhlaba, kubalaselisa ubukhulu becala ukungcoliseka komhlaba okuye kwayiguqula ngokunzulu imeko yendalo yokusingqongileyo, nto leyo eyazisa imiphumo emikhulu kwisijikelezi-langa, masazise. oonobangela neziphumo ezahlukeneyo zokuNgcoliseka koMhlaba kunye nezisombululo.
Ukungcoliseka komhlaba
Namhlanje ubomi beplanethi buphathwa kabukhali ngenxa yeziphumo ezibangelwe lungcoliseko lwendalo esingqongileyo, zimi ngaphandle njengokumelwa okanye idiphozithi yezinto ezisingqongileyo ezinefuthe elibi kwindawo engqongileyo kunye neemeko zobomi, kunye nempilo okanye ucoceko. izinto eziphilayo ezichaphazela ngqo okusingqongileyo.
Ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo yintshayelelo yezinto okanye amanye amalungu abonakalayo kwisithuba, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni le meko ingqongileyo ingakhuseleki, ilunge okanye ilungelwe ukusetyenziswa. I-arhente yokungcolisa inokuba yinto yekhemikhali okanye amandla. Kule nkqubo yongcoliseko, inokubonakaliswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-atmospheric, amanzi, umhlaba, i-acoustic, ukukhanya, okubonakalayo kunye ne-thermal.
Ungcoliseko lomhlaba lutshintsho lwendawo yomhlaba olubangelwa kubukho bezinto eziqinileyo okanye ezilulwelo ezingcolisa ulwelo okanye izinto, ukwenza ukuwohloka ngokubanzi komphezulu okanye ukuguga komnye okanye eminye yemisebenzi yawo. Xa ipesenti ephezulu yeekhemikhali eziyityhefu okanye eziyingozi kwisubstrate zifunyanwa kwindawo esemhlabeni, lo mphezulu uyawohloka de kubekho izinto ezikhutshwayo eziyingozi kuyo yonke loo ndawo yokuhlala nakwizixokelelwano zendalo ezingabamelwane.
Iimbangela zokuNgcoliseka koMhlaba
Umhlaba usisiseko sokusingqongileyo apho ubomi bugqibelele. Apho kucace gca ukuba intekenteke kakhulu kwaye inamathuba amancinane okuyibuyisela ukosuleleka. Ukongezwa kwayo kunqunyelwe into engena kuhlelo lobutyebi obungahlaziyekiyo. Ukungayisebenzisi ngokufanelekileyo kunokubangela ilahleko engenakubuyiselwa iminyaka.
Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyahluka kodwa ngeenjongo zokusingqongileyo; apho inokuthiwa igama lezolimo, amadlelo kunye neentaba, imfuyo, i-inorganic extraction, imathiriyeli ekrwada yokwakha, ukuxhasa ukwakhiwa, ukwahlula iintsalela, ukuzonwabisa kunye nemisebenzi yokuzonwabisa. Imihlaba engcolisekileyo inamanzi angcolisekileyo kwaye oku kuvelisa imihlaba echumileyo, imbalela, amanzi angalungele ukusetyenziswa kunye neengxaki ezininzi. Izizathu zolu ngcoliseko ziyimisebenzi yabantu kunye neengozi ezahlukeneyo.
Awona matyala abalulekileyo okungcoliseka komhlaba ziiplastiki ezilahliweyo ngaphandle kwemilinganiselo okanye ulawulo, ukulahlwa ngokungacwangciswanga kwezinto eziphilayo ezivela ekuhlanjululweni okanye kwimisebenzi yezolimo, iimveliso ezivela kwi-petroleum, ukusetyenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezifana ne-insecticide, i-herbicides, i-fungicides; ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo imiyalelo yokhuseleko okanye izinto ezifakwa kwimitha ephuma kuvavanyo lwenyukliya okanye iziseko zemizi-mveliso yeagrochemical engcolisa umhlaba wendalo okanye odityanisiweyo.
Ngendlela efanayo, imingxuma eyimfama ibangela ungcoliseko emhlabeni; amanzi angwevu kunye ne-lindle distillations; ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma kwi-drain; ukuvuza kweradioactive; imililo yamahlathi; ukutsalwa nokusetyenziswa kwamandla angahlaziyekiyo; imvula yeasidi, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezininzi eziphembelela iplanethi yethu.
Iziphumo zokuNgcoliseka koMhlaba
Olu hlobo longcoliseko luyingxaki enkulu kuMhlaba kuba imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yophuhliso kunye nokugcinwa koluntu olufana nezolimo, ishishini okanye ukwakhiwa kwezixeko zenziwa kwi-substrate. Ukususela kwixesha apho ipropati yomhlaba ingenelela, ingxaki yokutya iveliswa, okukhokelela kwindlela yokuphila kunye nakwixesha elizayo leminyaka ezayo, ekubeni iindawo okanye iziza zokulima izityalo zokubonelela kwaye zincinci ziya kuba nokwenzeka. wokwakha izixeko.
Enyanisweni, ukubonakala kwezinto ezingcolileyo emhlabeni kubonakala ngokukhawuleza kwi-flora ebangelwa ukuthotywa kwayo, ukuncipha kweentlobo ezikhoyo kunye nendlela efanayo yokuqokelela izinto ezingcolileyo kwizityalo, ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo omkhulu. Emntwini, iziphumo ziphelele ekuginyeni kunye nobudlelwane bangaphandle, apho ngamanye amaxesha iye yadibana kwityhefu yesinyithi esinzima kwaye ngakumbi ngokulula ngegesi okanye i-semi-volatile organic compounds. Phakathi kwezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo zezi zilandelayo:
- Ukuncipha kwezondlo emhlabeni.
- i-substrates engenazintsholongwane.
- Intyatyambo ayichumi nangokwemvelo.
- Zonke ii-ecosystems zasemhlabeni zicuthiwe.
- Ukuncipha kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo.
- Ubunzima bokukhula kwezityalo.
- Ii-substrates ezingafanelekanga zokugcina imfuyo.
- Imigangatho engakhuselekanga.
- Ubunzima bokubeka isiseko.
- Ukwanda kweentlekele zokusingqongileyo.
- ukuhla kobume bendalo.
- Ukulimala kwezigidigidi kwezoqoqosho kumazwe achaphazelekayo.
Ungcoliseko loMhlaba kunye nezisombululo
Uthintelo lubonisa isenzo kunye nesiphumo sokuthintela. Ibhekisela ekukhulelweni ekufunwa ngayo ukuthintela, ngendlela ebonwe kwangaphambili, ingozi, isiganeko esingathandekiyo okanye ingozi eyingozi. Thatha amanyathelo okanye uqikelelo kwangaphambili ukucinezela iziganeko ezingalindelekanga ezifana nezigulo, iingozi, izoyikiso, ukuwohloka, phakathi kwabanye.
Utshintsho oluqinileyo kwindlela yokuvelisa okanye ukukhutshwa kweendlela ezithile ezifana nokuchithwa kwemigodi, isenzo soshishino esibangela inkunkuma enobungozi njengokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwezichumisi kunye nezichumisi ezenziweyo azinakuphepheka. Kuyimfuneko ukucoca indawo ukuya kwi-circumscription elula yendawo echaphazelekayo kunye nokuvinjelwa kokusetyenziswa kwayo kwimisebenzi ethile. Ngokomzekelo, ityala elibi kakhulu kwiplanethi yomhlaba nguFukushima, enye yezona ndawo zingcolisekileyo, iindawo zayo ezichaphazelekayo azifanelekanga ubomi.
Kwiindawo ezininzi, ukunqanda esi senzo songcoliso, basebenzisa izityalo ezirisayikilishwa ukuze kuncitshiswe kokubini ukungcoliseka komhlaba kunye nomhlaba, kwaye emva koko namanzi aphela ewungcolise. Ukuphunyezwa kwe-biological remediation equka inkqubo ye-biotechnological elawula ibhaktheriya, i-fungi, i-flora okanye i-catalyst ephuma kuzo ukuhlangula imo engqongileyo eguqulwe ngokungcola kwimeko yayo yendalo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo longcoliseko ofuna ukulwa nalo, enye okanye enye iarhente yebhayoloriyali iya kusetyenziswa. Ukugxininiswa kwayo kubanzi, kunye nemiphumo elindelekileyo kwi-substrates engcoliswe yimitha okanye izenzo zemigodi.
Enye ingongoma ekufuneka iqaqambise kukwenziwa ngokutsha okufanelekileyo kwenkunkuma nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, ukukhuthazwa kwamandla anokuphinda abuyekezwe kunye nenkunkuma kwinqanaba lokwenziwa kwemveliso nelasekhaya okanye isenzo sokutyala i-ikholoji kuya kunceda ukulondoloza ama-substrates angangcolisekiyo. Gcina umnatha welindle ukwimeko entle kwaye ulungise ukucocwa kwamanzi angwevu okanye ashiyekileyo, kunye nendlela yokuvelisa inkunkuma esasazekileyo ebuyiselwa kwindalo.
Izinto ezinxulumene ne-3Rs ye-ecology inokuthathelwa ingqalelo xa ulondoloza imihlaba ekungcoleni:
Unobumba wokuqala u-R umele Nciphisa; ye-ecology kwaye siqale ngokunciphisa inani lezinto kunye nempahla esizichithayo, umntu kufuneka athathe uxanduva kwaye adle kuphela oko akufunayo ngokwenene ukuze angachithi ngenxa yokuba inkunkuma kwaye ihlala ingcolise kwaye ibangele ukuwohloka kweplanethi Ukugcinwa kufuneka kuqale ngokunciphisa kwaye uqoqosho kumandla, imathiriyeli, ukutya kunye nezinye iimveliso. Njengonobumba wesibini ongu-R, Sebenzisa kwakhona; kubalulekile ukuba wonke umdla esinawo siwusebenzise kangangoko sinako, sandise ubomi baso kunye nenzuzo enkulu. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu inkcitho kunye nenkcitho yobutyebi.
Unobumba wesithathu u-R Recycle: khumbula ukuba imathiriyeli kufuneka ihlaziywe xa ingenakuphinda isetyenziswe. Ngale ndlela baya kutshintshana kwizityalo ezithile zokurisayikilisha kwaye le mathiriyeli iya kubuyela kwimeko yayo ephambili ukubuyela ukwenza enye imveliso eyahlukileyo, eya kunikwa olunye ukusetyenziswa.
Inqaku elibalulekileyo lithathwa njengokunqanda ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithi igawulwa kuphela xa ifunwa kwaye ingagawulwa nje ukuze kuphunyezwe ukhuphiswano olukhulu kwimpahla yeemarike ezizele ngokupheleleyo. Kungenxa yeso sizathu sokuba iindawo ezininzi zeplanethi zigawulwa yinyani nje yokuthengisa ngaphandle kokujonga umonakalo owenziwe kwindalo kwaye kule meko ithile emhlabeni.
Kungenxa yoko le nto kuyimfuneko ukukwazi ukugxumeka imithi kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zezityalo ukwenzela ukuchasana nokungcoliseka komhlaba kuba, ngaphandle kwento yokuba i-flora igcina i-substrates, iphinda igcine i-ecological balance of the environment. Ngokutyalwa kwezityalo, umoya uyancedakala ngendlela efanayo kuba unceda ekuhlambululeni nasekucoceni ukuze kuthintelwe ukutshatyalaliswa kwendalo kunye nethuba lokubuyela kwayo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ube nezitiya kunye negadi yeziqhamo, kuba kuyimfuneko ukukhuthaza ukutyalwa okanye ukubakho kweendawo eziluhlaza ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweendawo.
Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhumbule ukuphepha amanzi angcolileyo, xa unkcenkceshela izityalo, amasimi, izitiya, kufuneka zibe namanzi acocekileyo ukuphepha ukuchithwa okungcolileyo emhlabeni. Ukuba ngamanzi aqokelelwe emvuleni, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayingomanzi emvula aneasidi kwaye kungancinci ukusebenzisa amanzi emva kokucoca ikhaya kuba aneemveliso zekhemikhali okanye isepha.
Xa iindawo zingcolisekile, kufuneka kunikwe uncedo lokubulala iintsholongwane kwindawo leyo, ukunqanda imvelaphi yolo ngcoliseko; Ukuba i-substrate inepesenti ephezulu yokungcola, ngendlela efanayo, umhlaba kufuneka uncediswe ngokwenza izivumelwano zokucoca.
Iindlela zokuBuyisa iMihlaba eNgcolisekileyo
Ezona ndlela zisetyenziswayo zokubuyisela umhlaba ongcolisekileyo zezo zigxininiswe ngendlela eqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, naziphi na zazo zikwakwinqanaba elisebenzayo. Ezi ndlela zilungiselelwe kwangaphambili ukuqokelela okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto ezingcolisayo eziphazamisa indibaniselwano yeekhemikhali ngeendlela zekhemikhali ngokupheleleyo, ezishushu okanye zebhayoloji.
Nangona kunjalo, oku ngendlela efanayo, into eguqukayo ngokumalunga neenjongo ezibekwe kunye nobunzima bomhlaba ongcolileyo. Ngale ndlela, ngokusekwe kule milinganiselo, siyahlula ezi ndlela zilandelayo:
IiTeknikhi zokuZiqulatha
Ubuchwephesha bokugcina bujonge ukurhangqa izinto ezingcolisekileyo kunye neeminerali ngodaka olubonakalayo, olufana, umzekelo, ukuvala okanye ukucinezelwa ngokuthe nkqo kongcoliseko. Ezi ndlela zobuchule zineendleko eziphantsi kwaye, nokuba zivaliwe, azifuni imingxuma, kodwa kufuneka zihlolwe yonke imihla.
Iindlela zokuvalelwa
Ngokubhekiselele kubuchule bokuvalelwa, injongo kukunciphisa ukungcangcazela kweearhente ezahlukeneyo zongcoliseko ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali.
Ucoceko okanye ubuChwephesha bokuCoca
Ngokubhekiselele kwiindlela zokucoceka okanye ukucocwa, zibuchwephesha obujoliswe ekunciphiseni ukuxinwa kwee-agents ezingcolileyo ezihlala kunye ne-substrate. Ngenxa yoko, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ubuchule, iindlela kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukwazi ukukhusela kunye nokufezekisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwee-substrates kwaye ngaloo ndlela uqinisekise ubomi kwiplanethi yomhlaba.
Iingcebiso zokuNqanda ukuNgcoliseka koMhlaba
Kuyimfuneko ukugxininisa ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukugqamisa ezinye iingcebiso ngaphambi kokufikelela kungcoliseko lomhlaba kwaye kunganyanzelekanga ukuba kuchaphazele imo engqongileyo kunye nokutshintsha ikhondo lendalo, ezichazwe ngezantsi:
- Kuphephe ukutshisa inkunkuma okanye ukungcola emhlabeni kwaye ngesizathu esifanayo akufanele usebenzise iirokethi kunye neziqhushumbisi.
- Iimoto okanye izithuthuthu kufuneka zigcinwe kwaye zigcinwe zikwimeko entle ukuzama ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka komhlaba. Ukunyamekela kufuneka kuthathwe ngokusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela zokuthutha, kwimeko yokusetyenziswa kwebhayisikili, kucetyiswa kakhulu.
- Kuphephe ukulahla inkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni, ngononophelo olukhethekileyo xa ulahla iglasi okanye iibhuthi zecuba ezinokubangela umlilo.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya okanye ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwecuba okanye icuba. Kwimeko yokungakwazi ukwenza oko, ekubeni uninzi lwabemi beplanethi yomhlaba bawufeza ngokuqheleka okukhulu kwaye bagxothe umsi ongcolisayo, ii-butts ziyi-arhente zongcoliseko olukhulu lomhlaba. Ngenxa yokuba iimpundu zinezinto okanye izinto eziphuma kwioli, phakathi kwezinye, kwaye zizinto ezibangela umlilo.
- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zokucoca zekhaya eziyikhemikhali ngokupheleleyo kwimvelaphi, ezithambileyo zokusingqongileyo. Kukho inani elikhulu leemveliso zendalo ezinekhemikhali yendalo kunye nengenayo ityhefu engonakalisi indalo kodwa iyasebenza ekucoceni nasekuhlanjweni. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusebenzisa ezendalo kunokunceda amanzi asetyenziselwa ukucoca ukunkcenkceshela.
- Sebenzisa izikhongozeli ukurisayikilishwa, kodwa kwimeko yokungaqondi ukuba sesiphi isikhongozeli sokurisayikilisha, phosa kuphela kwindawo ecocekileyo okanye kwindawo eluhlaza. Ngale ndlela uyabakhusela ekubeni baphelele kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma engcolisa umhlaba.
- Kufuneka uqaphele kwaye ukhumbule ukulungisa ngokutsha umjelo ophantsi komhlaba ohambisa amanzi amdaka
Ukubaluleka Kokungcoliswa koMhlaba
Ukucocwa komhlaba yinkqubo okanye iqela lemiyalelo elandelwayo ukuze kuhlangulwe ipropati kumhlaba ongcolisekileyo (umhlaba kunye namanzi aphantsi anxulumene nawo). Ngelo xesha, ukugqitywa kweeteknoloji ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ziyimfuneko ukuze kuhlanjululwe umhlaba. Inkqubo yomhlaba yenye yezinto zangaphandle eziphambili zobuntu kwaye imihlaba engcolisekileyo ingasangcoliswa okanye iyingxaki yepesenti esezantsi yokusingqongileyo.
Xa i-substrates engcolisekileyo ivavanywa ngokuqhubekayo, iifom okanye iindlela zokubuyiselwa kwazo zibonwa. Ngeli xesha, iteknoloji isetyenziswa kwaye ithathela ingqalelo izilungiso zabo kunye nokudluliselwa kwemihlaba kwiindawo zokulahla okanye i-encapsulation. Ezinye iindlela, ukwenza lula ukucocwa komhlaba, kukukhenkceza kwesamente, ikalika kunye nentlaka ye-thermoplastic okanye i-vitrification, ukugoba umhlaba kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukuguqula ungcoliseko ube yiglasi.
Kule meko, ukhetho oluthwala imiphumo encinci yendalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukubuyiswa kwe-substrate kufuneka kukhethwe. Iinkqubo ekuvunyelwene ngazo namhlanje zezo zishiya umhlaba uneempawu ezifanayo nezo wawunazo ngaphambi kokuba ubole. Ngoko ke, kunyanzelekile ukuba uqaphele iimpawu zomhlaba kunye nohlobo lwetyhefu oluwungcolisayo.
Ukukwazi ukwenza ngokomonakalo othile kwaye ungachithi ixesha. Simele sikhumbule ukuba ubomi beplanethi buxhomekeke kumntu ngamnye wabantu abahlala kuyo kwaye kuyimfuneko ukubhala nokulungiselela nayiphi na imeko. Asinakulibala ukuba sixhomekeke kwinkqubo yokusingqongileyo, kwaye umhlaba uyinto ebalulekileyo phambi kwendalo. Hlwayela izityalo zakho kwaye ulungiselele eyona substrate ilungileyo ukuze izinto ezingcolisayo okanye iiarhente zingangeni kwaye zonakalise oko kulungiselelwe ngedini.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo, sikushiyela abanye abaya kuba nomdla kuwe ngokuqinisekileyo:
Imixokomelwano yendalo esemhlabeni
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zamandla omoya