Xa uthetha nge amakroza kunye neminyele sikhankanya imiba emibini engundoqo ye isiqalo sendalo yonke.
amakroza kunye neminyele
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuchaza intsingiselo yeenkwenkwezi kunye neminyele ukuba ibe nayo ngokwayo imbono engcono kwezi nxalenye zimbini zecosmos. Masibone:
I nkqantosi
Omnye iqela leenkwenkwezi ichane njengentlanganisela yeenkwenkwezi kunye nokugxila kwazo esibhakabhakeni ayinakuguqulwa jikelele. Ngalo lonke ixesha, iindawo eziye zaqaphela amakroza zagqiba ekubeni zibanike i-pseudonym ngokweprofayili yabo eyenziwe yimizila engabonakaliyo edibanisa iinkwenkwezi zebandla.
Iinkwenkwezi kummandla weenkwenkwezi
Las iinkwenkwezi zinokuba kude kakhulu enye kwenye kwaye azilingani, oko kukuthi, abangekho sikweni ngokolwazi nendawo elingana nabo. Abemi bokuqala ababatyhilayo babesuka kuMbindi Mpuma kwaye ngokuqhubekayo bevela kwiMeditera. Kukho ezinye iindidi zamakroza kunye noyilo olungafaniyo, phakathi kwezingama-88 zikawonke-wonke ziyafana ngendlela efanayo nezo zeenkwenkwezi kunye neendidi ezintlanu zazo: ezi setyhula ezazibonwa kumantla eikhweyitha unyaka wonke.
Amakroza asentwasahlobo afana nalawo enziwe yiCrater, Leo kunye neHydra; ezasehlotyeni; yokwindla esivumela ukuba sikwazi ukwahlula iminyele engaphaya kwethu Indlela yobisi njengokuba kunjalo ngezo zikaAndromeda, iAquarius kwakunye nezo zasePegasus. Ngenye indlela, ubani usenokukhankanya amakroza asebusika.
isahlulo seenkwenkwezi
Iinkwekwezi zihlulwe njengoko zilinganiselwe, ngenxa yesi sizathu ezisemantla nakumazantsi zifumaneka, ezi zingasentla zikumazantsi e-hemisphere. Ngolu landelelwano lweengcamango, kuyaziwa ukuba amabandla eenkwenkwezi zokuqala ukutyhilwa ayeseMesopotamiya, phantse iminyaka engama-4000 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu, kwaye abanye babo babephethe isiteketiso sezilwanyana ezinjengoLeo, iTaurus nangendlela efanayo, iScorpio.
phantse ngokuqinisekileyo umsebenzi wezi ntlanganisela zeenkwenkwezi kwimbali yangaphambili yayikukubala ixesha kunye nendawo koomatiloshe okanye abathengisi ngexesha lokhenketho lwabo elwandle okanye imihlaba eshiyiweyo. Kwakusenzelwa ukuba amakroza asoloko ethatha isazisi kunye namabali anxulumene nesiteketiso sawo.
Iinkwenkwezi nembali yazo
AmaGrike ayethetha I-Orión lowo amaYiputa ayesele ephonononge njengoSahu. Ngelixa iZodiac yasekwa ngabantu baseBhabheli ngenkulungwane yesithandathu ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo, iya kwamkelwa ngamaGrike emva kwexesha elithile. Uluhlu lokuqala lweenkwenkwezi lubuyela kwinkulungwane ye-1.022 BC, umsebenzi kaPtolemy owathi kwi-"Almagest" yakhe wahlanganisa iinkwenkwezi ezili-48 ze-patrimonial ukuya kumakroza angama-XNUMX. Ulwazi lukaPtolemy lwaba nenxaxheba eAlexandria.
Ngendlela enye Iinkwenkwezi zaseTshayina zibalulekile kwaye zindala emhlabeni. Bazimisele ukuba ngamabandla azimeleyo kuba abakhi-mkhanya baseTshayina bahlula isibhakabhaka saba yimimandla engamashumi amathathu ananye, apho kwakukho izindlu ezingama-328. Izithuba zilinganiselwe kwi-hemisphere esemantla kwaye ziyakwazi ukwahlula kwii-amplitudes eziphakamileyo, ngelixa iindawo zokuhlala ziya kuba yimikhosi yaseYurophu ehlasela ummandla we-zodiac.
Iindawo zokuhlala zahlukile kumakroza asentshona njengoko azidityaniswanga nokuhamba kweLanga, kodwa kuleyo yeNyanga kwindlela yayo yexesha elikufutshane noMhlaba.
Uyilo lwawona makroza adumileyo
Ngoku siyahlula indlela awona maqela eenkwenkwezi ahlala rhoqo acatshulwa ngayo. Intsomi yezodiac ibangelwa indawo yesibhakabhaka yahlulwe yangamacandelo alishumi elinambini afanayo, njengeenyanga zonyaka kunye neenkwenkwezi zezodiac zidalwe ngu: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Umhlaza, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpius, Sagittarius, Capricornus, Aquarius kunye Pisces. Ezi ziziqinisekiso zezona nkwenkwezi zidumileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba la makroza Ptolemy, anda amanani 36 ngaphezulu, phakathi kwabo: Andromeda, Hercules, Ursa ezinkulu kunye Ursa minor, Argo, Canis ezinkulu, Centaurus, Cassiopeia, Crater, Eridanus, Canis minor, Hydra, Orion, Pegasus, Perseus,. La maqela eenkwenkwezi nezinye ezingakumbi zakhankanywa kweyona ncwadi ibalulekileyo kaPtolemy, ekhankanywe ngasentla.
Ama-Arabhu azama ukwandisa amakroza ngokudibanisa iinkwenkwezi ezazingabonwa eAlexandria. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithandathu xa i Oomatiloshe baseYurophu baqalisa uhambo lwabo lokunqumla iilwandlekazi, baqaphela ukuba iindawo ezininzi zazingenazo ziyilo kwaye ngoko zizimisele ukudala ezinye.
Iminyele
umnyele sisimbuku somphunga, amasuntswana kunye neenkwenkwezi kunye nezixokelelwano zelanga. Umnyele uhlala udibene ngenxa ye amandla womxhuzulane. I-Milky Way, umnyele wethu, ngokufanayo unombindi.
Xa ebusuku sibona iinkwenkwezi esibhakabhakeni, sijonge ezinye iinkwenkwezi zeMilky Way. Ukuba kumnyama kakhulu, kwahlulwe kwizibane zedolophu kunye nezindlu, sinokubona nokuba iinxalenye zothuli zeMilky Way zisasazwa njani esibhakabhakeni.
imilo kumnyele
Eminye iminyele inesimo esijikelezayo, njengoko kunjalo nakweyethu. Zineengalo ezigobileyo ezizenza zibukeke njengamavili epinki. Eminye iminyele ithe tyaba kwaye inomfanekiso ombhoxo. Zibizwa ngokuba yiminyele eyielliptical. Kwangokunjalo kukho i-nebulae ezingenayo i-spiral okanye i-oval shape. Aziqhelekanga kwiprofayili kwaye zikhangeleka njengamabala. I eLuzi ukuba siphawula nganye yezi nebula ivela kwiinkwenkwezi kwindawo yazo esondeleyo.
Maxa wambi iminyele isondelelana kakhulu ize ingqubane. Ngokutsho kwemithombo yolwazi eyahlukeneyo, i IMilky Way ngenye imini iya kungqubana neAndromeda, oyena mmelwane wethu usondeleyo kwigalaksi. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Sele kushiyeke iminyaka emalunga neebhiliyoni ezintlanu ukuze yenzeke loo nto. Yaye nokuba inokwenzeka ngomso, usenokungayiboni nokuyibona loo nto, ekubeni iminyele mikhulu yaye ithe saa emacaleni kangangokuba, nokuba inokungqubana, iinkwenkwezi nezijikelezi-langa zidla ngokungangqubani.
Umahluko phakathi kweenkwenkwezi kunye neminyele
umnyele okanye a I-nebula ngumthamo omkhulu odibeneyo owenziwe ziinkwenkwezi ezininzi kakhulu, uthuli lwendawo, imiphunga kunye neeathom. Ngelixa kwimeko ye-Constellation sigxininisa isethi yeenkwenkwezi ezithi, ngokusebenzisa imigca ekhohlisayo kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-astral surface, yenza umzobo okhumbuza umzobo owenziweyo, njengalowo wesilwanyana, i-mythological protagonist, phakathi kwezinye iinkalo. Oko kukuthi, i-nebula ingaphakathi kwekroza.
Izigqibo malunga neenkwenkwezi kunye negalaksi
Omnye igalari yintlanganisela yeenkwenkwezi ezahlukeneyo, amafu omphunga, iinkwenkwezi, uthuli lwasesibhakabhakeni, icandelo elimnyama, mhlawumbi namandla amnyama, afakwe kwigravitation.
Iintlobo zegalaksi
Las iminyele Singazihlela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Iminyele eyiElliptical
Zijongeka zifana ne-spotlight ngaphandle kwediski, kunye nokucaca okufanayo. Azibonakalisi inkungu nothuli kwaye zidalwe ziinkwenkwezi ezindala, igolide kunye necandelo eliphantsi lesinyithi.
2. Iminyele ejikelezayo
Babonisa i-shaft okanye i-stem eyenziwe yi-disc enexabiso elikhulu lomphunga kunye uthuli lweenkwenkwezi.
3. Iminyele yeLenticular
Babonisa ukubonakala kwe-nucleus enevili, kodwa ngaphandle kwemida ye-spiral. Zenziwe ziinkwenkwezi ezindala kunye akukho mphunga okanye uthuli isithuba.
4. Iminyele engaqhelekanga
yakhe iminyele engabonisi mlinganiso walo naluphi na uhlobo, akukho kugxininiso okanye iringi ibonakala izimisele.
IKhwezi
ikroza Libandla elidibeneyo leenkwenkwezi ombono wakhe esibhakabhakeni ebusuku kuthiwa ujonge phezulu.
Indlela yokuqaphela amakroza?
Okokuqala kufuneka wazi ukuba iinkwenkwezi kunye negalaksi azifani. Ngoko ke, ukuze uchonge amaqoqo eenkwenkwezi, kuyimfuneko ukukwazi ukuqaphela iinkwenkwezi ezilandela imilo yazo. Abantu abasezidolophini abanako ukuzohlula ngenxa yokukhanya kunye nokosulela, nto leyo echaphazela ukucaca kweenkwenkwezi. Kuyimfuneko ukufumana indawo emnyama.