Iziphumo zokuwohloka kwendalo zibalelwa kwimisebenzi yomntu ngenxa yomnqweno wakhe wokusebenzisa. Kolu gqatso, umntu ebetshabalalisa yonke into esendleleni yawo. Iye yatshabalalisa yaza yangcolisa amanzi, umhlaba, umoya yaye singasathethi ke ngokutshatyalaliswa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Kweli nqaku uya kufumana yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga nezizathu kunye nemiphumo yomsebenzi wabantu. Gcobani, funda kwaye ucamngce ngezenzo zethu kwindlu ekukuphela kwayo esinayo, iplanethi yomhlaba.
Ukuwohloka kwendalo
Ukuwohloka kwemekobume kunikwa ngokungeniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, iikhemikhali kunye nezebhayoloji kwindawo yendalo ukuze kubangele ukuthotywa kwazo. La malungu ayingozi enzakalisa zonke izinto eziphilayo ezifumaneka kwiplanethi. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zongcoliseko, phakathi kwazo umhlaba, iatmospheric, amanzi kunye nongcoliseko lwe-acoustic, ezizezona zixhaphakileyo, kodwa sinokukhankanya ukukhanya, okubonakalayo, okushushu, i-electromagnetic, i-radioactive okanye imfuzo yongcoliseko.
Ngokufanayo, amanqanaba ongcoliseko anokuthi ahlelwe njengexesha, xa i-arhente ichaphazela indawo ethile, umzekelo i-drain, kwaye isasazeke, xa ihlakazwe ngemvula ye-asidi okanye ngesenzo somoya, kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi. Amanzi. Kukho ezinye iindlela zongcoliseko, eziyi-acoustics, ezonakalisa ngakumbi ezo ntlobo zineendlebe eziphezulu zokuva, zidala ukuphazamiseka kunye noxinzelelo.
Kwelinye icala, kukho ungcoliseko lokukhanya, olutshintsha i-biorhythms yezinye iintlobo ngenxa yokukhanya okungaphezulu kokwenziwa. I-thermal, kulo mzekelo iintlobo zezilwanyana zasemanzini zezona zichaphazelekayo, ekubeni xa iqondo lokushisa likhuphuka ukunyibilika kweegesi emanzini kunciphisa, ngoko ke ukufumaneka okuphantsi kwe-oksijeni.
Iziphumo zokuwohloka kwendalo zenza ubomi kwisijikelezi-langa bube nzima ngakumbi. Ukutshatyalaliswa komhlaba, umoya kunye namanzi kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izinto eziphilayo kunye nekhaya lethu elikhulu elibizwa ngokuba yiplanethi yomhlaba. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ukuba siqhubeka sisenza ezi zenzo siya kungena kwinqanaba lentshabalalo epheleleyo. Sekuyiminyaka emininzi yembubhiso eqokelelweyo ngaphandle kokujonga okanye ukulinganisa umonakalo esibambisayo esiwenzayo. Umnqweno wokudala usikhokelela ekutshabalaliseni, sikhuthaze imisebenzi ehlasela ngokuthe ngqo yonke into esemhlabeni.
Izinto ezibangela ukuwohloka kwendalo
Ukonakaliswa kwenkqubo yezinto eziphilayo nendalo, ukuphela kobutyebi nokuphela kwezinye izinto eziphilayo ngomnye wemiphumo yokuwohloka kwemekobume. Oku kungenxa yokuthengwa kwezinto ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokungahloniphi ngokulinganayo kwizinto zendalo ebenazo umntu kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kufuneka siyeke ukucinga kwaye senze ngokwempembelelo ebangelwayo kunye nemiphumo emikhulu yokuba le nto inakho emhlabeni, okufuneka ukuba siqaphele ikhaya lethu kuphela. Ngoko ke, nazi ezinye zezizathu ezenza oku kuhla kunye nezisombululo ezinokwenzeka.
Iimodeli zoqoqosho kunye neepatheni zokusetyenziswa
Phakathi kwezinto ezibangela ukuwohloka kwemekobume kukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukutshatyalaliswa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukuguqulwa kwemekobume yendalo kunye nokugcwala kusetyenziso lwamandla efosili, ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kwemizekelo yezoqoqosho engazinzanga njengaleyo yaseTshayina nase-United States, abanamandla amakhulu. isabelo soxanduva lwamanqanaba aphezulu ongcoliseko oluthwaxwa sisijikelezi-langa. Le mifuziselo ivuselela umthengi ogqithisileyo, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela umonakalo onokuthi bawuzise, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwemithombo yokwanelisa iminqweno okanye iimfuno ezidaliweyo.
Iipateni ezintsha zokusetyenziswa eziye zafunyanwa ukusukela kwi-Industrial Revolution, apho abantu baqala ukufumana utshintsho olukhulu, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yelo xesha, kodwa nangenxa yokuvuswa kwesifo se-consumerist syndrome, besonyuka rhoqo. imini ngakumbi, kude kube ngoku. Konke oku kubangele ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kweempahla, iinkonzo kunye nokutya, kunceda ukukhawulezisa ukuthotywa kwemekobume.
Ukuphelelwa lixesha kunye nokuveliswa kwenkunkuma
Ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma ngokugqithisileyo yenye yezinto ezibangela ukuwohloka kokusingqongileyo okubangelwa umnqweno womntu wokusetyenziswa okungalawulwayo kwempahla, iinkonzo kunye nokutya, ngaphandle kokucinga ngemiphumo emibi eyenzayo kwindalo. Oku kukhokelela ekuvelisweni kweetoni ezinkulu zenkunkuma yemihla ngemihla ejikeleze iplanethi, eguqulela ukungcoliseka okukhawulezileyo kwezinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo, umhlaba, umoya kunye namanzi (imilambo kunye nolwandle), ngokunyuka kokuthotywa kwempilo kunye nentlalontle yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo.
Kwimeko yokuphelelwa lixesha okucwangcisiweyo, okungeyonto ingaphezulu kwemveliso ephezulu ye-electronic scrap, iye yaba yenye yezona zinto zibangela ungcoliseko, kuba ngenxa yokukhula koqoqosho olusekelwe kwi-hyperconsumption, ukunciphisa ubomi obuluncedo bezixhobo, kunye imfuno yokukhawuleza, ngenxa yokugqithisa kunye nomsebenzi wokukhangisa osebenzayo, yenza umthengi azive isidingo sokufumana izixhobo zesizukulwana samva nje, ngaloo ndlela edala ubuninzi benkunkuma.
Le pateni yokusetyenziswa ixhaphake kakhulu eYurophu, kuMntla Melika naseAsia, ibangela ukuba inkunkuma yabo ye-elektroniki iphele kwiindawo ezinkulu zokulahla inkunkuma, ibangele ungcoliseko olukhulu. Ukuphathwa kwale nkunkuma kwenziwa kakhulu ngabantu abangenalo naluphi na uhlobo lokhuseleko, okukhokelela kwiimeko eziphilayo. Ungcoliseko lomoya kungenxa yokukhawulezisa isiphumo greenhouse eveliswa ngumsi onetyhefu kakhulu ophuma ekutshisweni izixhobo kunye usulelo izandiso ezinkulu zomhlaba ezithathwe ukulahla inkunkuma uthe.
Ihlabathi libandezeleka zonke ezi ziphumo mihla le, phambi kombono wokuvila kwabavelisi abakhulu abafuna kuphela inzuzo yabo yezoqoqosho, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bayaphefumla, bahamba kwaye badle amanzi alo mhlaba. Ngokubhekiselele koku kungasentla, kucetyiswa ukuba kufuneke ixesha elide lewaranti yezixhobo zombane, ukwenziwa kweendawo ezivumela izixhobo ukuba zihlaziywe, ukusetyenziswa komgca wokurisayikilisha ukuze ziphathwe ngokuchanekileyo, kunye neyona mpembelelo incinci yokusingqongileyo kunye , ngoko ke, ekugqibeleni ukutshintshwa kweendawo ezinetyhefu njengenxalenye yamacandelo ayo.
Uphuhliso lwamashishini
Uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso lubangele ukuwohloka okukhulu kokusingqongileyo, nangona kuzisa uphuculo oluphawulekayo kumgangatho wobomi babantu ngokweyona ngqiqo yalo ngokubanzi. Ezi nkqubo zemizi-mveliso ngaphandle kolawulo olungqongqo lokusingqongileyo, ubukhulu becala, zenza izenzo ezinjengokugawulwa kwamahlathi okungalawulekiyo, ukusetyenziswa okugqithisileyo kwamandla avela kumafutha efosili kunye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi ngenkunkuma enetyhefu.
Ishishini liya lixhalaba ngakumbi ngemveliso kunentshukumo. Konke umnqweno wokuhlangabezana nemfuno yeemveliso, iimpahla, iinkonzo kunye nokutya kwabemi abakhulayo, ngaphandle kokuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela, ukulawula kunye nokhuseleko oluvumela ukunciphisa imiphumo emibi eveliswa yile nto.
Izityalo zenyukliya
Umsebenzi wenyukliya waboniswa njengolunye uhlobo lwamandla, olubonise ekuhambeni kwexesha iziphumo zokuwohloka kwemo engqongileyo okunokukubangela. Olu hlobo lwamandla ngokuqinisekileyo aluvelisi i-greenhouse effect, iyacwangciswa kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi lemali, kodwa ngexabiso eliphezulu lokusingqongileyo. Izityalo zenyukliya ziye zaba ngunobangela weentlekele ezinkulu ezifana neChernobyl eUkraine ngo-1986 kunye nokudubula kweebhombu ezimbini zeathom phezu kweJapan ngo-Agasti 1945, okwabangela ilahleko engenakulungiseka yokusingqongileyo kunye nelahleko yabantu ngenxa yokuvezwa okukhulu kwe-radioactive.
Kwimeko ye-Fukushima eJapan ngo-2011, isixa esikhulu sezinto zomsakazo sakhululwa, kodwa ngaphandle kokulimala kakhulu kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphandle kwemiphumo yexesha elide. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho kuphela i-radioactivity eveliswa yi-radioisotopes eyenziweyo, kodwa kukwakho neveliswa yindalo, eyaziwa ngokuba yimitha yemvelaphi, phakathi kwayo i-uranium, i-thorium, i-radon, i-potassium kunye nekhabhoni.
Konke oku kubeka emngciphekweni izidalwa eziphilayo ekubeni inkunkuma yenyukliya, iibhombu kunye nezikhululo ziyingozi enkulu kungekuphela nje kwindawo ezikuyo, kodwa kuluntu ngokubanzi. Lo msebenzi uchaphazela kakubi izityalo, izilwanyana kunye nabantu abanokufikeleleka kwi-radioactivity enokuthi ihambe ngokukhululekileyo emoyeni, ibe sisoyikiso sokwenyani kunye nesiqhubekayo kwiplanethi.
I-oyile kunye neMigodi
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuthuthwa kwee-hydrocarbons ngomnye unobangela wokuwohloka kwendalo. Le misebenzi isoloko ithwala imingcipheko ecacileyo njengokuchitheka, ukuvuza kwimibhobho, ukuqhuma, kunye nokuphathwa kakubi kwezixhobo, ezinokubangela ukungcoliseka okungenakulungiseka kwe-substrate, yamanzi, eya kuba yenye yezona zinto zinzima kwaye ziphindaphinda, kwaye okokugqibela, umoya.
Zonke ezi zinto ziza kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo nangokungayekeleliyo ukuchaphazela izityalo, izilwanyana kunye neentlobo zabantu, zitshabalalisa yonke imixokomelwano yokuphilisana kwezidalwa, ukuwohloka kokusingqongileyo kunye nokuwohloka komgangatho wobomi bazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo.
Ngokuphathelele umsebenzi wemigodi, sesinye isizathu seziphumo ezinkulu ngokwemiqathango yokuwohloka kokusingqongileyo, ekubeni umonakalo walo kumaleko omhlaba, ingakumbi xa umgodi ovulekileyo, ubeka zombini iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana emngciphekweni osondeleyo, ngenxa yokupheliswa kwezityalo nezilwanyana. izandiso ezinkulu zomhlaba kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali zemichiza ezifana ne-mercury, i-arsenic kunye ne-cyanide, eziququzelela umsebenzi wazo, kodwa zinetyhefu kakhulu kwindalo. Oku kungakhathaliseki ukuba zithini iziphumo kwixesha elifutshane, eliphakathi okanye elide.
Ukongeza kwizizathu zangaphambili, kukho kwakhona ukunyanzeliswa kwezulu, okungekho nto ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kunye nokuchithwa kwamatye ngokusebenzisa izixhobo okanye iimveliso zeekhemikhali ukukhawulezisa ukukhutshwa kweentsimbi ezinzima kunye nokuhlamba kwazo kunokungcolisa kakhulu.
Imodeli yezoLimo neMfuyo
Okwangoku, umsebenzi wezolimo uye wanda ngokugqithisileyo, ngenxa yokwanda okuphawulekayo kwabemi, okuguqulela njengenye yemiphumo yokuwohloka kwemekobume ethwaxwa yiplanethi namhlanje. Konke oku kungenxa yeendlela ezintsha zokuvelisa ezisetyenziswayo kunye nokuhlasela umhlaba, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezinceda ukutshabalalisa izinambuzane kunye nezifo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-accelerators yeenkqubo zokukhula kunye nokuveliswa kweziqhamo. yezityalo.
Konke oku kuphazamisa i-substrate yezandiso ezinkulu zomhlaba, ngaphezu kokugawulwa kwamahlathi kwizityalo ezitsha, kubangela impembelelo embi kakhulu kwindalo. Umnqweno wokuhlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yemveliso ukhokelele ekuqalisweni kwezinto eziphilayo eziguqulwe ngokwemfuza kwimisebenzi yezolimo kunye nemfuyo, kunikwa ithuba kwiimveliso ezaziwayo ze-transgenic. Ezi ntlobo zezilwanyana zitsha zinikwe amandla kwakhona ngeemveliso zemichiza kwiilebhu, zizisa imiphumo emikhulu kungekuphela nje kwizinto eziguquliweyo kodwa nakwizinto eziphilayo zomthengi wokugqibela.
Ngokuphathelele kwi-agroindustry, iye yafuna ukuba nemfuza efanayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, igxininise kwiimveliso ezinemfuno enkulu, ngaloo ndlela ibe ngabakhiqizi be-monoproducers. Esi senzo sibangele ukunyamalala kweyantlukwano yezolimo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imveliso yemfuyo, yonke imihla iyanda kwimfuno yayo, okwenza kube yimfuneko ukusebenzisa ngokugqithiseleyo iimveliso zeekhemikhali ezithile ezifana neziyobisi kunye nezongezelelo ezigxininisiweyo, ukukhuthaza ukuzala, ukukhula kunye nokutyeba kwezilwanyana. Ukubangela iziphumo ezibi ekuwohlokeni kwendalo.
Imodeli esekelwe ekutyeni ivelisa imfuno enkulu yezinto ezithile ezifana nenyama yehagu, inkukhu (inkukhu) kunye nenyama yenkomo, eziziimpawu zokungcoliseka okukhulu komhlaba, umoya kunye namanzi, ukonakalisa ngokubonakalayo inkqubo yendalo, ukunyuka kokufudumala kwehlabathi, ukuthotywa komhlaba kunye nelahleko yendalo eyohlukeneyo.
UShishino lwamaHlathi, ukuLindwa kweZibonelelo kunye noLawulo lwamaHlathi
Umzi-mveliso wamaplanga yenye yeenkampani ezinkulu zemveliso ehlabathini, eneziphumo ezimandundu ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemekobume, kuba ezi nkampani zigawula amahlathi amakhulu, ziphelisa ukwandiswa kwamasimi kwaye zonakalisa i-substrate kunye ne-biodiversity. Konke oku kwenzelwa ukufumana imathiriyeli ekrwada kungakhathaliseki iindleko zendalo ezivelisayo, njengoko kunjalo ngeAmazon, amahlathi akuMbindi Afrika, amahlathi aseMzantsi Merika nakwinxalenye yeAsia, wona angawona achaphazeleka kakhulu ehlabathini. .
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi akufanele kubangelwe kuphela kwimfuno yayo yezinto ezibonakalayo, kwenzeka nakwiimeko zokumbiwa kwemigodi kunye nokwakhiwa, okuye kwatshabalalisa iindawo zamahlathi ngesantya esikhawulezayo nesingazange sibonwe ngaphambili. Kongezwe kulo mkhuba yimililo enokuthi yenziwe okanye ingabi ngabom. Kuthiwa ngabom xa umntu ebangela intlekele elolo hlobo, ubukhulu becala ngeenjongo zoqoqosho kunye naleyo ibangelwe yinkunkuma engacinywanga njengeglasi okanye imililo engacinywanga kakuhle, ivelisa ungcoliseko lomoya, itshabalalisa ezinye zezinto eziphilayo yaye yonakalisa umaleko wezityalo.
Ukuloba kukonakala kwendalo
Imizi-mveliso kunye nokuloba okugqithisileyo okwenziwa ngeminatha yokuloba, ukufudumeza kolwandle kunye nenkunkuma enetyhefu kuyinxalenye yeziphumo zokuwohloka kwemekobume ethwaxwa ziilwandle zethu, kuba ngenxa yoku, izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle zitshatyalalisiwe. Ngale ndlela, umsebenzi wokuloba wona ngokwawo awuvelisi ziphumo zinkulu, xa usenziwa ngendlela elawulwayo nethembekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, xa lo msebenzi uqhutyelwa ukwanelisa iimfuno zemizi-mveliso, i-ecosystems yaselwandle iyonke idla ngokuchithwa, ibeka ubomi bezinye iintlobo emngciphekweni, apho kwiimeko ezininzi ziphela ziphela, ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ikhonkco lokutya eliyimfuneko ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. ulawulo lwabantu baselwandle.
Ezothutho
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho, umhlaba, ulwandle kunye nomoya. Ngamnye kubo unoxanduva lweziphumo zokuwohloka kwendalo. Injalo ke imeko yeemoto zeemoto, ezikhula ngakumbi imihla ngemihla kunye nokukhutshwa kwezi gesi ezingcolisa kakhulu, ezifana ne-CO2, izixeko ezikhukulayo, ezibangela i-greenhouse effect ethi kamva ibe yimvula eyaziwayo ye-asidi, ngenxa ye initrogen oxide kunye nesulfure oxide eqokelelwe kwitroposphere.
Uthutho lwamanzi luvelisa iingxaki ezinzulu ngenxa yeentsalela zamafutha ahlala ephoswa ngezikhephe (ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo) elwandle, inkunkuma ephilayo, iiplastiki, iimveliso zeradioactive kunye nokuchitheka kweoyile, konke oku kunempembelelo embi kubomi baselwandle.
Ngokubhekiselele kuthutho lomoya, luxanduva lokukhutshwa okukhulu kwe-CO2 kunye ne-nitrogen oxides (NOx), xa beshiya iindlela zabo ezinkulu ze-condensation, ezinegalelo ngokuthe ngqo ekufudumeni kwehlabathi kunye nemvula ye-asidi.
Ukwanda kwabemi
Umntu uzala ngakumbi nangakumbi, ukuba ngowokuqala kwikhonkco lokutya kuzisa iingxaki zokuphuphuma kwabemi, ekubeni kungekho mntu ulawula umlinganiselo wokuzala njengoko kunokwenzeka kwizilwanyana. Esi sesinye seziphumo zokuwohloka kwemekobume, ekubeni oku kukhula kugqithisileyo kwenza kube yimfuneko ukuvelisa ukutya okuninzi, iimpahla kunye neenkonzo. Ngokubhekiselele kwindlela yabo yokuphila, indawo eninzi ngakumbi iyafuneka kwizindlu kwaye ngenxa yoko mininzi imisele yogutyulo.
Eli nani liphezulu likwangunobangela wokuveliswa komsi omninzi ojike ube yinkungu, ebangela ungcoliseko lunyuke luye kumanqanaba angazange acinge ukuba kunokwenzeka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni ngokuthe ngcembe kwezinto zendalo.
Ulwakhiwo
Ukukhula kwabemi kunye nesifo se-consumerist syndrome kuthetha ukuba izixeko ziya zixinaniswa ngolwakhiwo olukhulu, kuthathelwa ingqalelo le yenye yeziphumo ezininzi zokuwohloka kokusingqongileyo. Ukuze anelise ezi mfuno, umntu uye wayibona imfuneko yokuba izithuba zendalo, etshabalalisa indalo, ukugawula amahlathi aze azalise yonke into esendleleni yakhe ngekonkile. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ziingcali zokubambisa imitha yelanga, ngaloo ndlela ikhulisa i-greenhouse effect, enokuthi igwenywe ngokuba neendawo ezininzi zendalo ezivumela ukukhululwa okulinganayo kobushushu.
Ilahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Imekobume yendalo ijongene nobunzima obunzulu ngokulahleka kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo nendawo eziphila kuyo, kungekuphela nje emhlabeni kodwa nasemanzini, kwaye konke oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kokusingqongileyo kwendalo ukwanelisa iimfuno zabantu. Oku kukhokelele ekulahlekeni kwendawo yokuhlala yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziyingozi. Ukwaziswa kweentlobo ezintsha zelebhu kwindawo yendalo edala ukungalingani kwezendalo.
Iziphumo Zokuwohloka kwendalo
Imiphumo yokuwohloka kwemekobume yahlukahlukene kakhulu yaye iyoyikisa xa ubani eqalisa ukujonga ngenyameko oko kwenziwa kwisijikelezi-langa. Zonke iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ziqulunqwe kukukhula koluntu, nto leyo enyusa imfuno yempahla, iinkonzo, ukutya kwaye ngoku nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe. Oku konakala kukwinqanaba leplanethi, ukwenza imvumelwano phakathi kwamazwe iyimfuneko ukunciphisa amanqanaba ongcoliseko.
Ukulahleka kwemithombo yamanzi okusela
Amanzi abalulekile kubomi, ngoko ke ilahleko yawo yenye yeziphumo zokonakala kwemekobume okunokuveliswa emhlabeni. Le lahleko yamanzi asebenzisekayo, esanda ngobuninzi, kungenxa yongcoliseko olufunyanwa yimilambo namhlanje. Ukongeza koku, ukulahleka komhlaba ongaphezulu, ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi, isixa esikhulu samanzi amdaka asezidolophini nakwimizi-mveliso, ashiya iplanethi ngaphandle kolwelo olubalulekileyo oluyimfuneko kwaye lungenakubuyiselwa kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo.
Impembelelo kwizilwanyana zasendle
Izilwanyana azisindi kwimiphumo yokuwohloka kwemekobume, iye yachatshazelwa ngokungenasiphelo kukugqithisa komntu kumnqweno wakhe wokutshabalalisa. Iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ziye zatshabalala ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo ezihlala kuzo, ukutshabalala kwezemidlalo, ukungcoliswa kweendawo zazo kunye nokonakala kwenkqubo yazo yendalo. Konke oku kubeke emngciphekweni kakhulu izilwanyana zehlabathi, ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi besijikelezi-langa.
Ukuthotywa komgangatho womoya
Ukuxinana kwabantu okukhoyo kwesi sijikelezi-langa ngomnye wemiphumo yokuwohloka kwemekobume, nto leyo ebeka umgangatho womoya esiwuphefumlayo emngciphekweni. Ukukhutshwa komphunga okhutshwa ziinqwelo-mafutha, izilayiti, ukutshiswa kwenkunkuma, ukuntywila kwemitha yee-reactors, ukudubula kweebhombu kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi zezinye zezizathu zesibetho esinjalo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ungcoliseko lomoya lunokuveliswa ngenxa yezizathu zendalo ngenxa yokungunda kunye namasuntswana e-pollen, ngokufanelekileyo kwiincinci ezincinci.
Konke oku kunegalelo ekuveliseni nasekuqokeleleni initrogen oxides, isulfure, isinyithi esinzima njengelothe kunye neCO2 emoyeni, zibe zezona zingcolisi ziphambili zobuntu, umoya. Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwamafutha efosili afana nepetroli kunye nokutshiswa kwerhasi yendalo kunegalelo elikhulu kungcoliseko lomoya, okuzisa iimeko zokuphefumla nolusu kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokungcoliseka komoya, ezisekelwe kuzo zombini iikhompawundi eziqinileyo kunye nerhasi, esiphila ngayo yonke imihla kunye namazinga ahlukeneyo okuchaphazeleka. Phakathi kwabo sinayo i-Ozone, nangona ikhona kwi-stratosphere kwaye isebenza njengomkhuseli kwimitha ye-UV, ukuba i-concentration yayo iyanda idlula kwi-troposphere kwaye ibe yingozi yangempela kwimpilo.
Ngokuphathelele ukuveliswa kwecarbon monoxide, eyigesi engenambala eveliswa kukutsha apho ioksijini inqongopheleyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yingozi kakhulu. Kongezwa kule nitrogen oxide, ethathwa njengeyona arhente inkulu yokungcolisa emhlabeni. I<em>sulphur dioxide esetyenziswa kwishishini lephepha ngomnye woonobangela abaphambili beengxaki zokuphefumla.
Izingcolisi zendalo
Indalo iyakwazi ukuvelisa izinto ezingcolisa umoya ezingabulali kangako kodwa ezinegalelo ngokuthe ngqo ekuthotyweni komoya, phakathi kwazo sinongundo, osasazeka ngeespores kunye nokuvezwa ngokuqhubekayo kuyo kunokuchaphazela kakhulu umgudu wokuphefumla. . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukho uthuli, luxhaphake kakhulu kwaye luveliswa ngumlilo kunye nokuqhuma kwe-volcanic emhlabeni, kuze kuvelise i-pneumoconiosis.
Ukulahleka kwemihlaba yezolimo
Isenzo esibi somsebenzi wezolimo, ukutshabalalisa umaleko wezityalo kunye nokuba yintlango, yinkqubo yokuthomalalisa kwendalo apho umhlaba ochumileyo nonemveliso uphulukene ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye isakhono sawo semveliso. Ezi ziziphumo zokuwohloka kwemekobume okuveliswe mhlawumbi yimiba yendalo okanye yimisetyenzana ethile eyenziwa ngumntu. Konke oku kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo, kunye nokukwazi ukugcina amanzi, okwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi wezolimo ube nzima.
ilahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Esinye seziphumo zokuwohloka kwemekobume kukwandiswa kwezinto eziphilayo, okubalelwa kumsebenzi ogqithisileyo wabantu obangele ukuwohloka okungenakulungiseka kokusingqongileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweendawo zendalo, eziza kuguqulwa zibe yimimandla yemveliso, imimandla yasezidolophini, uhola wendlela, iindawo zokuzonwabisa, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi, zijongene nokuguqulwa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo, iintlobo kunye neendawo zokuhlala, ezibangele ukutshatyalaliswa ngaphandle kwemizekelo.
Ukungalingani kwezendalo
Ii-ikhosistim ezohlukeneyo kufuneka zilungelelane ngokugqibeleleyo kwi-ikholoji ukuze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Le lahleko yebhalansi okanye ukungalingani kubudlelwane obuxhomekeke omnye komnye bamacandelo ahlukeneyo okusingqongileyo sisiphumo sokuwohloka kokusingqongileyo, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kobutyebi bendalo. Unobangela wolu tshintsho lunokubangelwa kukufudumala kwehlabathi, ngenxa yokukhutshwa kweegesi ezivelisa i-greenhouse effect, eyonyusa ngokumangalisayo ubushushu bendalo, ukuguqula imijikelo ye-biogeochemical.
Ukuthotywa kwembonakalo yomhlaba, okubangelwa kukuguqulwa kobuhle bendalo esingqongileyo, sesinye seziphumo zokuwohloka kwemekobume, ngenxa yokungaphathwa kakubi kwenkunkuma eqinileyo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokungcoliseka kwezinto zendalo (amanzi, umoya nomhlaba). amandla okhenketho aya kulahleka, nto leyo echaphazela uphuhliso loqoqosho lwabantu abathile.
Konke oku kubangele ukuphulukana nomgangatho wobomi bomntu, nto leyo ephikisanayo, kuba izenzo zakhe zinoxanduva lwazo zonke ezi zibetho, ezithi zichaphazele ngqo kuye, zibeke ukusinda kwakhe emngciphekweni.
Ilahleko yoMaleko weOzone
Njengomphumo wokuwohloka kwemekobume, umaleko we-ozone usongelwa ngokunzulu bubukho beklorofluorocarbons kunye nee-hydrochlorofluorocarbons. Lo maleko unoxanduva lokukhusela iplanethi kwimitha yelanga enamandla, isebenza njengesihluzi se-UV. Ukuphulukana nalo maleko okhuselayo kuya kuthetha ukufa kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, kuba ngokomgaqo zonke iindonga zeeseli ziya kutshatyalaliswa, umsebenzi wephotosynthetic uya kuncipha, unciphise ukuveliswa kweoksijini, kubangele ukufa.
Ukunqongophala kobutyebi beNdalo
Ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo ngendlela egqithisileyo nengalawulekiyo, kuvelisa iziphumo eziqatha ekuwohlokeni kwemekobume, ekubeni ukungcoliseka kwendalo nganye (amanzi, umhlaba nomoya) wehlabathi kunyhashwa kanobom, nto leyo enokuba negalelo ekunqongopheni kwento nganye kuzo. ukubeka ubomi kwiplanethi emngciphekweni.
Iziphumo zoLuntu zokuwohloka kwendalo
Ungcoliseko okanye ukonakaliswa kwendalo kunokuzisa iziphumo ezibi ebantwini. Phakathi kwabo sifumanisa: ukufikelela okuncinci kwezinye iidolophu kumanzi okusela, ukusasazwa kwezinambuzane ze-pathogenic okanye izifo, umonakalo ongenakulungiswa emanzini kunye neekhemikhali, i-microorganisms kunye nesinyithi esinzima, iimeko eziphilayo ezibandakanya umhlaza, iingxaki ezinzulu zokutya ngenxa yokudalwa kwe-GMOs, ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi, iihomoni kunye nezinye ii-agent zeekhemikhali eziphela zichaphazela impilo yabantu.
Iziphumo zeBiodiversity
Iziphumo ezibi kakhulu zokuwohloka kwemekobume kwizilwanyana kunye nezityalo, ukuba uyathanda, azinakubalwa. Thina bantu asifane sihlale phantsi sicinge ngomonakalo esiwenza kwizidalwa ezingenakuzikhusela ngalo lonke ixesha silahla inkunkuma emhlabeni, emilanjeni okanye elwandle. Apha sibonisa ezinye zezi ziphumo. Xa i-ecology yenkqubo yezilwanyana iqhekeka, uthotho lweziganeko ziqala ukwenzeka, ezifana nemeko yokubonwa kwezilwanyana zaselwandle eziselwandle, oku kungenxa yongcoliseko lwengxolo olubangela ukuba ziphulukane nokuqhelana nexesha, ezibangela ukuba zibe noxinzelelo olukhulu.
Iitoni zeentlanzi ezifileyo zifunyenwe ngenxa yokuqokelela izixa ezikhulu zetsimbi ezinyityilisiweyo emanzini, kunye nezinto zeplastiki. Iziganeko zelanga ziyanda kwaye oku kuthetha ukuba, ngenxa yongcoliseko lokukhanya, iintlobo zinyanzeliswa ukuba zifuduke, zibe zizilwanyana ezihlaselayo. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuye kwabangela ilahleko yezilwanyana nezityalo, yaye le yokugqibela ibe lelinye lawona maxhoba emvula eneasidi. Ukunyuka komphakamo wolwandle ngenxa yokunyibilika komkhenkce kubangela ukugcwala kwetyuwa kumanxweme.
Imililo etshabalalisayo ebisoloko ibangelwa ngumntu, ukunika ukusetyenziswa okwahlukileyo emhlabeni kungakhathaliseki ukufa kwezilwanyana nezityalo ezithi kwiimeko ezininzi zibe sengozini yokuphela. Ukuqhawulwa kwekhonkco lokutya, kuba yingxaki enzulu ukuba iintlobo zigcinwe ngendlela efanelekileyo, ngokuhlonipha imijikelezo yendalo.
Iziphumo zokuwohloka kokusiNgqongileyo kwiPlanethi
Ukuwohloka kwemekobume sesona sisongelo sinokubandezeleka esi sijikelezi-langa sethu, yaye ukufudumala kwehlabathi ngowona mngeni uphambili ekufuneka sijamelane nawo. Oku kukhokelela ekunyibilikeni komkhenkce, ukwanda kwamanzi kunye namaqondo obushushu akwindawo engqongileyo, ukunyuka komphunga, ukuba yintlango kunye nefuthe legreenhouse. Umhlaba ubuthwaxwa yimeteorological phenomena ezifana nezaqhwithi kunye nembalela enkulu kunye nokunqongophala kolawulo ngamaxesha onyaka. Ungcoliseko lwamanzi, i-eutrophication, ukukhula okungalawulekiyo kwe-algae efunxa ioksijini emanzini, itshabalalisa i-ecosystems enkulu.
Izisombululo zokuwohloka kwendalo
Ukuwohloka kwemekobume asiyonto ngaphandle nje kwesiphumo somsebenzi ongekho ngqiqweni womntu. Isijikelezi-langa asikwazi ukuseta ungcoliseko okanye ukuludibanisa kwimijikelo yalo yendalo. Kweli nqaku sibonisa ezinye izisombululo ezinokubakho zokuphumeza ukuthanda umgangatho wobomi obungcono kumntu wonke.
Kufuneka Ukwazi Abemi
Abantu kufuneka babonise izenzo zethu ngokubhekiselele kwindalo, ukutshintsha imikhwa ethile kunye neendlela zokuphila ezinempembelelo embi kwiplanethi. Kufuneka iqale ngokutya ubutyebi bendalo ngokwengqiqo, ngokuphawulekayo ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo nephilayo kusetyenziswa ubuchule bokurisayikilisha nokusetyenziswa kwakhona, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngendlela eyiyo kwamanzi kunye nokuphumeza unyango olufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukosuleleka kwemilambo nemilambo.
Umzekelo woQoqosho oZinzileyo
Yamkela iipateni ezincinci zabathengi, oku kuya kunceda ngokungathanga ngqo ukugcina ubutyebi bendalo obuyimfuneko ekudalweni kwayo. Ngaphandle kokufikelela kumanyathelo aqatha, unokuphila noko kuyimfuneko ngokwenene, ushiya ecaleni isimo esinyanzelekileyo sokuthenga, esihlala singenasiseko yimisebenzi yentengiso. Ngale ndlela, ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma kunye nokuxhaphazwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwemithombo eyahlukeneyo eyenziwa yiplanethi kuncipha kakhulu. La manyathelo anokunceda ukulungelelanisa imveliso, imfuno kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe
Onke amazwe, ingakumbi lawo aphuhlileyo asekelwe kuqoqosho lwabathengi-ongxowankulu, kufuneka enze kwaye asebenzise imithetho evumela ukunciphisa izenzo, ukusetyenziswa kwee-arhente eziyingozi kunye nokuvezwa kwii-arhente ezingcolisayo, ezichaphazela ubomi emhlabeni. Phakathi kwamazwe achatshazelwa kakhulu lizinga lemizi-mveliso yiTshayina, iTokyo, iMelika kunye neIndiya.
Amanyathelo oThintelo kunye nezisombululo
Zininzi iingcamango nezenzo ezisetyenziselwa ukusindisa ubomi emhlabeni. Kule nto, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zeekhemikhali, ukujonga ezinye iindlela zendalo. Sebenzisa amanye amandla anciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili.
Gcina ukhumbula inkqubo yokurisayikilisha ukuthintela ukufumba kwenkunkuma kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma eyenza umonakalo omkhulu emoyeni nasemhlabeni. Nyanga amanzi amdaka ukuthintela ukosuleleka kwimilambo kunye neelwandle. Eminye imilinganiselo enokuthi yamkelwe isekelwe kwiinkampani ekuphepheni ukuphelelwa lixesha okucetyiweyo, ukwandisa ubomi obuluncedo besixhobo okanye ukwenza iindawo ezinokutshintshwa.
Ukuwohloka kwendalo eMexico
I-Mexico lilizwe eliye lafumana iziphumo ezibalulekileyo zokuwohloka kokusingqongileyo, ekubeni ukuguqulwa kwentlalo noqoqosho kunye nokukhula kwabantu kuthetha ukuba umntla weli lizwe ufumana amanqanaba aphezulu okungcoliseka, okuzisa iziphumo ezibi kakhulu, phakathi kwazo kukukhukuliseka komhlaba, okubangela ukukhukuliseka komhlaba. ilahleko yeendawo zolimo. Ukutshatyalaliswa komoya kuye kwaba yingxaki yempilo yoluntu kwiminyaka yamuva nje, njengoko usulelo lwemilambo, kule meko ngokukodwa iTula, esetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela imihlaba yeNtlambo yelizwe.
Amahlathi
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kuye kwaba sisibetho esikhulu eMexico, ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi amakhulu ukusebenzisa umhlaba wemveliso yezolimo kunye nemfuyo kunye nokudalwa kwamaziko asezidolophini, kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwe-1,3% yendawo yokugcina amahlathi. Ukuthotywa umgangatho womoya, imbonakalo-mhlaba kunye nokwandisa ngokuphawulekayo ubushushu njengesiphumo sokuwohloka kwemekobume ehlala kuyo.
Valle de Mexico
Ikomkhulu laseMexico, elikwabizwa ngokuba yiNtlambo yaseMexico, sesinye sezona zixeko zifumana ungcoliseko olukhulu lokusingqongileyo ehlabathini. Phakathi kweziphumo zokuwohloka kwemekobume lukhukuliseko lomhlaba, olufikelela malunga ne-71% yomhlaba ochaphazelekayo, nto leyo ethetha ilahleko yeehektare ezingama-700 zomhlaba ochumileyo. Ngokumalunga nomgangatho womoya kwesi sixeko, unqongophele ngokwendalo ngenxa yobude obungaphezulu kolwandle apho ukhoyo, imimoya, namaxesha emvula, ukongezelela ekuphuphumeni kwawo.
Iqulethe ngaphezu kwe-60% yepaki yemizi-mveliso yelizwe, echaphazela umgangatho womoya. Ngokunjalo, inani eliphezulu labemi kunye nokukhula kwemizi-mveliso okwenzeka kwisiXeko saseMexico kuchaphazela ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, ethe yaba yingxaki enkulu yezempilo, eyonakalisa imilambo enokubonelela abantu ngolwelo olubalulekileyo. Ukusetyenzwa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo yingxaki ekuye kwajongwana nayo ngokuphunyezwa kwezityalo zokurisayikilishwa ukuze ziphathwe ngendlela eyiyo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe iziphumo zayo zokungcolisa.
Ukuwohloka kwendalo eColombia
E-Colombia, iziphumo zokuwohloka kokusingqongileyo zinikezelwa ngumsebenzi wezolimo, okhuthaza ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokusetyenziswa okungenangqondo kweemveliso zeekhemikhali eziza kusetyenziswa njengezichumisi kwiindawo ezinkulu. Ukudala ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, ungcoliseko lomoya kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo yendalo iphela, ukubeka eli lizwe kwindawo yesibini phakathi kwezona zinongcoliseko olukhulu lomoya.
EzoLimo neMfuyo
Oyena nobangela wokuwohloka kwemekobume eColombia ngumsebenzi wezolimo kunye nemfuyo, ekubeni umhlaba omninzi uthatyathelwa ukuphuhliswa kwezi zinto. Ngokukwanjalo, ii-savannahs ezitshatyalaliswayo zichaphazeleka zizivuno ezingekho mthethweni ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uphuhliso lwezi nkqubo zendalo, ngenxa yobuninzi bezichumisi abazisebenzisayo, ezivelisa iziphumo ezibi kwi-substrate kwaye ngenxa yoko kumanzi.
Imigodi
Ukumbiwa kwegolide namalahle yenye yezinto eziphambili zemigodi kweli lizwe, echaphazela malunga ne-5,6 yezigidi zeehektare zemimandla egawulweyo, ephathwa kakubi yimichiza kwaye ichaphazela kungekuphela nje umhlaba kodwa neentlobo ngeentlobo zezidalwa eziphilayo ezifumaneka kulo mmandla.
Amanzi amdaka okanye amanzi ashiyekileyo kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo
Phakathi kweziphumo zokuwohloka kokusingqongileyo ukuba iColombia ihlupheke, kukunyangwa kwamanzi amdaka okanye amanzi ashiyekileyo, ekubeni amayeza aneleyo asetyenzisiweyo, avelisa amanqanaba aphezulu okungcoliseka kwe-tributaries, ukufikelela kwinqanaba lokulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kwizinto eziphilayo. Ngokunjalo, ukusetyenzwa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo ayilona ifanelekileyo, kuba kusetyenziswa iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezingalawulekiyo, ezichaphazela ngqo umhlaba.
Ukuwohloka kwendalo ePeru
Iziphumo eziphambili zokuwohloka kokusingqongileyo ePeru zibangelwa kukukhukuliseka komhlaba wezolimo kunye nomsebenzi wemigodi. Ukongeza koku, ungcoliseko olukhulu olufunyanwa zizitya ze-hydrographic, ukusetyenzwa ngokufanelekileyo kwenkunkuma eqinileyo kunye nokuthotywa komgangatho womoya, kube yingxaki enkulu yezempilo yoluntu kulo mmandla.
imveliso yemfuyo
Nangona elona nani likhulu lemveliso yemfuyo lenziwa kumadlelo endalo, oku kudala ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kunye nongcoliseko lomoya, kuba lo msebenzi uvelisa iigesi ezinetyhefu ngakumbi kunezothutho ngokwalo. Ngexesha elifanayo lichaphazela ukubunjwa komhlaba, lingcolisa amanzi kunye nomoya, ligalelo ekufudumeni kwehlabathi.
Imigodi
Ngenxa yokuwohloka kokusingqongileyo, kukho ukungcoliseka komoya, umhlaba kunye namanzi, ngenxa yobuninzi beekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa njenge-arsenic, isinyithi, i-zinc, i-mercury, i-selenium, i-lead, i-cyanide, ephuphumayo, echaphazela kakhulu ukubunjwa komoya, umlomo wemilambo kunye nokukhukuliseka komhlaba.
Amanzi amdaka okanye amanzi ashiyekileyo kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo
Ukunqongophala konyango lwamanzi iPeru inamanqanaba aphezulu okungcoliseka kwamanzi ayo, ngenxa yobuninzi besinyithi esinzima esichithwa kuzo ngenxa yomsebenzi wemigodi, elandelwa yimimandla yasezidolophini nakwimizi-mveliso. Ngokuphathelele inkunkuma eqinileyo, ifakwa kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma apho kuphela i-15% iphinda isetyenziswe, nto leyo eyenza imithombo ephezulu yokungcoliseka kwezinto zendalo.
Ukuwohloka kwendalo eArgentina
Kwimeko yaseArgentina, njengabalingane bayo, inezinga eliphezulu lokungcoliseka ngenxa yemfuyo kunye nomsebenzi wemfuyo, eyona nxalenye ebalulekileyo yomthombo wezoqoqosho kulo mmandla. Ukuphuhliswa kwale misebenzi, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kweekhemikhali ze-agrochemicals kuyimfuneko, okuyingxenye yemiphumo yokuwohloka kokusingqongileyo kwelizwe. Ngokunjalo, ukuwohloka kwemithombo yomlambo kunye nomhlaba ngenxa yokuqokelelana kwenkunkuma eqinileyo engalungiswanga kakuhle kunokujongwa.
Impembelelo kwezolimo nemfuyo
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala yeentlobo ezithile kunye namaqondo aphezulu okuba yintlango ziziphumo zokuwohloka kwemekobume ethe esi sizwe sithwaxwa yimeko yokuba enye yemisebenzi yaso ephambili yezoqoqosho igxile kwimfuyo nemisebenzi yasefama, nto leyo ekhokelele ekubeni inikezele isixa esikhulu somhlaba kwezi nkqubo zemveliso, ukunciphisa ngo-2014 ngaphezu kwe-12% yamahlathi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kweli lizwe ubuchule bokutya okuguquguqukayo buyenziwa, okugqiba ukungcolisa kungekuphela nje umhlaba kodwa namanzi, ngenxa yobuninzi beekhemikhali ezifunekayo.
Imigodi
Umsebenzi wasezimayini ngokwawo uyinxalenye yeziphumo ezininzi zokuwohloka kwendalo olujongene nayo lo mmandla. Ukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo kweekhemikhali ukuququzelela ukumba kunye nokukhutshwa kwegolide kunye nobhedu, ngaphandle kokonakalisa i-substratum, ukunyuka kwamahlathi kunye nokuphelisa izinto eziphilayo, kungcolisa amanzi emilambo ebalulekileyo njengeJujuy, iTucumán neCatamarca.
Ungcoliseko lomoya
EArgentina, ungcoliseko lomoya lunyukela kubukhulu kangangokuba iWHO (World Health Organization) ivakalise ukuba kungaphezu kwemigangatho eyamkelekileyo kweli qumrhu. Oku kungenxa yobuninzi beegesi ezikhutshwa ngamashishini amakhulu, ukucocwa kwemihlaba emikhulu nemichiza esetyenziswa kumsebenzi wemigodi eyandisa amasuntswana aqinileyo kunye neegesi ezisemoyeni. Isizathu sokuba kutheni iimeko zephecana lokuphefumla, ukubetha kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga ziphakathi kwezona zibi kakhulu.
Amanzi amdaka okanye amanzi ashiyekileyo kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo
Njengakuwo onke amazwe, iArgentina ayiphuncuki kubunyani bokuphathwa kakubi kogutyulo kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo, ebangela iziphumo ezibi zokuwohloka kwemekobume. Inkunkuma yasezidolophini neyemizi-mveliso ilahlwa kwimithombo yemilambo ekufutshane idala umonakalo omkhulu kwezi nkqubo. Ukwazi ukuba iArgentina lilizwe lesithathu eLatin America kwimveliso yenkunkuma eqinileyo, ivelisa malunga neetoni ezingamawaka angama-40 ngosuku kwaye inkqubo yayo yokuhlaziya igubungela kuphela i-13%, eyothusa ubomi emhlabeni.
Jonga le vidiyo ilandelayo kwaye ucamngce ngezenzo zethu kunye nomhlaba kamama.
Amanye amanqaku anokuba nomdla kuwe ngala: