Ngexesha elidlulileyo, ugqatso lokunqoba indawo yangaphandle lugcine i-USA kunye ne-USSR njenge-protagonists. Ngeli xesha, ukuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji kuyiphucule kakhulu i-aeronautics kunye nokubhabha kwendawo. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, zombini inkqubo yaseMelika yasemkhathini kunye nenkqubo yendawo yaseSoviet yazisa izinto ezinkulu ezifunyenwe eluntwini. Inkqubo yeSoviet space yasebenza njengophuhliso oluzimeleyo olujoliswe ukuzisa ulwazi lomntu kwindawo. Phezu kwayo nje iingxwabangxwaba awayenazo okanye imvelaphi yakhe kwezobupolitika, washiya uphawu lwakhe kwimbali yoluntu. Ngezenzo zabo, baye bakha isiseko sayo yonke into esele yenziwe namhlanje. Akukho mathandabuzo okuba nayo ifanelwe yimbeko.
Unokuba nomdla kwinqaku lethu: Yazi iindawo ezintathu zokugqibela zokusungulwa kunye neeprojekthi zabo!
Ngaphambi kokungena kulo mbandela. Yintoni kanye kanye inkqubo yasemajukujukwini? Fumana inkcazo yayo!
Njengoko kwaziwa, ulwazi lwendawo ngumbuzo ovela kumaxesha amandulo. Ootata be-astronomy yamandulo ngabo babeka amatye okuqala etempile esele imile.
Ngenxa yokuhambela phambili kobugcisa bangoku, ibe negalelo ekudalweni kwenkqubo yasesibhakabhakeni ethanda ukuphononongwa kwendalo yonke. Kuba zikhona, ezona nkqubo zaziwa kakhulu zendawo zezo zikhuthazwa yi-United States kunye ne-USSR yangaphambili.
Umthombo: Google
Namhlanje, inkqubo yendawo Yenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukuhlola indalo iphela. Ngokusisiseko, luthotho lweeprojekthi okanye izicwangciso ezifuna ukubuyisela umntu esithubeni. Ukungaphumeleli oko, bubuchule bobunjineli basemajukujukwini ukwakha iinqanawa, iiprobe okanye izinto zakudala eziza kuqaliswa emajukujukwini.
Yonke into ekwicosmos ixabisekile ngokwesayensi nakwezoqoqosho. Iinkqubo zasemajukujukwini zinxulumene nolwazi kunye nokuqonda kwendalo yonke kunye nayo yonke into eyenzayo. Emva koko, idibanisa izinto ezinokubakho kunye nezinto ezikhoyo apho kunye nexabiso elithile lemali.
iinkqubo zendawo bafuna uluntu ukuba lusondele kwinto engaziwayo. Ngokusebenzisa i-astronautics, into efunwayo kukudlula imida yangoku kwaye uhambe ngaphaya koko kuphunyeziweyo.
Okwangoku, kunye nomsebenzi odibeneyo phakathi kwe NASA kunye nenkampani SPACE X, umnqweno kukuphakamisa umgangatho weenkqubo zendawo. Ngokudala oomatshini abatsha nabantsonkothileyo, kancinci kancinci umntu uya kufikelela kwinto ebesoloko eyifuna: isibhakabhaka.
Konke malunga nenkqubo yendawo yaseSoviet kunye nemisebenzi yayo emangalisayo eyenziwe!
Phakathi konyaka we-1955 nowe-1975, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-Space Race yenzeke phakathi kwe-colossi ezimbini zehlabathi. Zombini iUnited States kunye neSoviet Union zaziphakathi kwamashiya azo ukufikelela kwinqanaba elalingacingelwa luluntu ngelo xesha.
Nangona abanye ababhali bembali bechaza eli nqanaba lembali njengokhuphiswano lwezopolitiko, inyaniso kukuba ishiye igalelo elikhulu. Zombini iinkqubo zasemoyeni zaseSoviet kunye neMelika zikwazile ukuqhubela phambili ulwazi lwendawo kungakhathaliseki imvelaphi ebandakanyekayo phakathi kwezi zizwe zimbini.
Iinzame ezidibeneyo ezenziwa ngamazwe omabini, bagqiba ngokwenza iisathelayithi zenzululwazi. Kwakhona babeziintlanga zokuqala ukuthumela iinqanawa ezinendoda emajukujukwini naseNyangeni.
Okwangoku, zonke iikharati kunye neembasa zibalelwa kwinkqubo yaseMelika. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yendawo yaseSoviet iphinde yanikela inani elikhulu lezinto ekufuneka zigxininiswe ngokulinganayo.
Enkosi kubo kunye nokhuphiswano lwabo rhoqo kunye nelizwe laseMntla Melika, umntu unengcamango engcono malunga ne-cosmos. Ngendlela efanayo, yaphawula ngaphambili nasemva kwitekhnoloji yelo xesha injalo.
I-Sputnik-1
ISoviet Union iwonga ibhaso lesimboli ngokuphehlelela isathelayithi yokuqala eyenziweyo. Ukuze bafake i-orbit kwi-artifact eyayiza kuba negalelo kuphando lwasesibhakabhakeni, baphumelela. Ngo-Okthobha ka-1957, iSputnik yaqala umsebenzi wayo kunye nomsebenzi wayo wokugxininisa ngakumbi ugqatso lwendawo.
Owokuqala ukuhlala esithubeni, uLaika
Igalelo likaLaika kunye nombingelelo olandelayo ekuqalisweni, yabeka isiseko sobufundisi bexesha elizayo. Uphononongo oluqhutywe ngokusekwe kuyo, luvumeleke ukuba lubeke imeko yeenqanawa ukuze umntu akwazi ukubhabha. Ngaphakathi kweSputnik 2, uLaika wakhwela isikhephe esiya emajukujukwini ngoNovemba ka-1957.
Yuri Gagarin kunye noValentina Tereshkova
Ngo-Aprili 1961, uYuri Gagarin wadlula imida yezinto ezenziwa ngumntu ngoku. Le cosmonaut yaseSoviet yaba ngumntu wokuqala ukunika okanye ukugqiba i-orbit yomhlaba. Kamva, uValentina Tereshkova, ekhwele iVostok 6, wakwazi ukufanisa isiseko esifanayo, ekubeni ngumfazi wokuqala kwindawo.
Izitishi zaseSaliut
inkqubo yendawo yaseSoviet kwaye yaphawulwa ngokubeka izitishi zokuqala zasemkhathini kwi-orbit. Enkosi kwi-rocket yasemkhathini, iProton, izikhululo ezibini zasekuhlaleni ezinegama elithi DOS zenziwe kunye nesikhululo somkhosi esibizwa ngokuba yiAlmaz. Ngamnye kubo wahlala kwinkonzo ukususela ngowe-1971 ukuya kutsho ngowe-1986.
Mars 1 kunye neVenera 1
Kwiphulo layo lokufumanisa okanye lokuhlalutya umphezulu wezinye ihlabathi, iSoviet Union yaphehlelela iiprobe ezimbini zeplanethi. Zombini iMars 1 kunye neVenera 1 zikwazile ukubhabha phezu kweMars kunye neVenus ngokulandelelanayo, zimisela umzekelo wembali.
Kutheni inkqubo yeSoviet idweliswe "njengenkqubo yendawo eyimfihlo"?
Umthombo: Google
Ingxabano phakathi kweUnited States kunye neSoviet Union, ngaphaya kwezopolitiko okanye i-geopolitical. Emva kweMfazwe Yomlomo, ekuphela kwento eyayisele yoyisa yayisisithuba esingaphezu kwezi zizwe.
Igqalwa njengenkqubo yasemajukujukwini efihlakeleyo kuba, kangangexesha elithile, kwakuthe cwaka ngokuzolileyo kwicala lesi sizwe. Ukususela ekuqalisweni kweSputnik-1, kwavezwa kanye oko kwenzekayo ngelo xesha.
Ngokusisiseko, le nkqubo yendawo eyimfihlo, yaqala uMdyarho owaziwayo weSithuba. Ukongeza, iSoviet Union yakhetha ukwamkela esi sicwangciso ukuze izicwangciso zayo zingatyhilwa. Kubo, ukoyisa isibhakabhaka phambi kwezinye izizwe kwakulinyathelo elibalulekileyo elisingise kwixesha elitsha.
Ngokubanzi, zonke ezi zenzo zenziwa ngokufihlakeleyo ukuphepha ukuphazanyiswa kwezinye iintlanga. Xa ekugqibeleni kwavelayo, impikiswano ayizange ide ivele. Nangona kunjalo, yonke into ibangele izibane ezininzi kunezithunzi.