Ngaba uyazi ukuba yahlulahlulwe njani iBhayibhile yamaKatolika?” Ewe, kweli nqaku siza kukunika zonke iinkcukacha zendlela le ncwadi ebhalwe ngayo, enayo yonke into enxulumene nokholo neemfundiso zeBhayibhile.
Indlela eyahlulahlulwe ngayo iBhayibhile yamaKatolika
IBhayibhile ifana neThala leencwadi elikhulu elizele ziincwadi, apho unokubona isakhiwo esikhulu esinamanqanaba amabini ekuthiwa yiTestamente eNdala neNtsha. Ukuhamba kuyo kufana nokufumana indlela enkulu enokukhanya ekunceda ukuba uqonde ngcono ubume bayo kunye namacandelo.
Xa ufunda iBhayibhile uya kuba sezandleni zakho uncedo olukhulu oluya kukuqhubela ekubeni uguqule ubomi bakho uze ubone yonke into ngendlela eyahlukileyo, yaye unokuluqonda uthando olukhulu uYesu awayenalo ngathi. LiThala leencwadi elizele bubulumko.
ICandelo ngokuBanzi
IBhayibhile yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini, iTestamente eNdala kunye neTestamente eNtsha. Ekuqaleni kwabizwa diatheke, ligama lesiGrike elithetha ilungiselelo okanye isivumelwano kodwa kamva lithatyathwe kwiTestamente elisuka kwiLatin ITestamente, yaye kusenjalo ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje ukuchazwa kweenxalenye ezimbini zeBhayibhile.
Abantu ababeguqulela besuka kwisiGrike, ababizwa ngokuba yiSeptuagint, balithabatha eli gama kwisiHebhere Berit, gama elo elithetha umnqophiso wolongamo, yaye kunye nalo, kwakubhekiselwa kumanyano olwalukho phakathi kwamaHebhere aseSinayi noThixo okanye uYehova.
Ulwahlulo lwamanani lweBhayibhile
Zimbini kuphela iinkolo ezilawulwa yimfundiso yeBhayibhile, eyamaYuda kunye neyobuKristu, eyesibini yahlulwa yaba yiOthodoki, yamaKatolika kunye nezinye iimvaba zobuKristu. KumaYuda, kuphela ulwazi okanye iimfundiso ezifumaneka kwiTestamente eNdala zivumelekile, ezahlulwe zibe ziinxalenye ezintathu:
- Umthetho
- Abaprofeti
- Eminye imibhalo engcwele
Bebonke baqaphela kuphela iincwadi ezingama-39, kwezingama-46 ezineTestamente eNdala. KumaKatolika athatha iBhayibhile epheleleyo kwiimfundiso zawo kunye neencwadi zayo ezingama-73, ama-46 eTestamente Endala kunye nama-27 eTestamente eNtsha. AmaProtestanti aqaphela kuphela iincwadi ezingama-39 zeTestamente eNdala kunye nama-27 kwiTestamente eNtsha, kwiincwadi zebhayibhile ezingama-66 zizonke. Umahluko kuzo zonke awukho kwinto efumaneka kwitestamente entsha kodwa komdala.
Ngaphambili kwakukholelwa ukuba ubuYuda babusekwe kwiicanon ezimbini, iAlexandria kunye nePalestina, kungoko icawe yayithathela ingqalelo iAlexandria eyayinde okanye ibanzi, kodwa ukusukela kwinkulungwane yokuqala okanye yesibini emva koKrestu bagqiba kwelokuba bayigcine inguqulelo yasePalestina. elimfutshane, kungoko umahluko kwinani leencwadi abaziqaphelayo. Ezi ngqikelelo zahlala zinjalo kangangexesha elithile kodwa zakhatywa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo:
- Okokuqala, kukuba ukuguqulelwa kweBhayibhile ukusuka kwisiHebhere ukuya kwisiGrike akuzange kwenziwe ngendlela enye, yaye ngaphantsi koko kwakuguqulelwa ngaxeshanye.
- Okwesibini, uninzi lweencwadi ezaziwayo zeBhayibhile zezo zaguqulelwa yiSeptuagint, kwaye ezi zazisekwe kwiikhowudi zamaKristu ze-IV kunye neenkulungwane ze-V emva koKristu, ngoko ke amagama angamaKristu ayesele esetyenziswa ngelo xesha kwaye yiyo loo nto kukho izinto ezininzi eziguquguqukayo. amanqaku.
- Okwesithathu kumaYuda asePalestina kwakungekho kufana kwinto awayenayo kuluhlu lwawo lwemibhalo engcwele, ngoko ke kwakungekho ludwe lwemibhalo engcwele yasePalestina ngolo hlobo.
Ngenxa yezi zizathu zintathu akwaziwa ukuba yeyiphi imida yeencwadi ezavunywa ngamaYuda ase-Aleksandriya, ngoko ke kufuneka kubekho iincwadi ezivela ePalestina, eAlexandria, imibhalo ebhalwe ngesiGrike njengeNcwadi yoBulumko, ngesiHebhere, isiAramiki. , njl.
Ngale ndlela, zombini iicawa zamaKatolika namaOthodoki, ngeBhunga laseHippo, elabakho ngowama-383 emva kokuzalwa kukaKristu, zakwenza kwacaca ukuba iincwadi ezaziphefumlelwe nguThixo zaziyi<em>protocanonical (uMthetho Wokuqala), i<em>deuterocanonical (uMthetho weSibini ), eyayiyincwadi ephefumlelwe nguThixo. kamva yamkelwa kwiBhunga laseTrent ngowe-1546.
Ukusuka apho kunokumiselwa njengengxoxo enye ukuze ibe neencwadi ezingama-73 kwaye hayi 66 ezi zilandelayo:
- Ukuba ibutho lokuqala lamaKristu elenziwe ngabaPostile nabafundi bakaYesu lasebenzisa inguqulelo yeBhayibhile yeSeptuagint yesiGrike, ngamanye amazwi iTestamente Endala eneencwadi ezingama-46.
- Ukuba xa uYesu waxelela uPetros ukuba uya kumnika izitshixo zoBukumkani bukaThixo nokuba nantoni na ebotshiweyo emhlabeni yayiya kubotshwa nasezulwini yaye nantoni na ekhululweyo emhlabeni ikhululwe nasezulwini, isikhokelela ekubeni siqonde yaye samkele ukuba ezo awathi amaKristu okuqala akholwa, awenza aza awasebenzisa egameni okanye ngelizwi nawo afanele akholwe kuko.
- Uninzi lwezizathu ezazisetyenziswa ngamaYuda zokungazamkeli ngokupheleleyo iincwadi zeDuteronomi kwiTestamente eNdala ezazizisebenzisa kwakungenxa yokuba zazingenagunya likaThixo, kuba ngonyaka we-100 emva kokuzalwa kukaKristu ibandla lamaKristu lalisele lisekiwe kwaye babenegunya. kwintsimi yabo.
Ngamafutshane, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuthi kuyo yonke le diatribe kukuba ibhayibhile njengoko sisazi ukuba ineencwadi ezingama-73 eziphefumlelwe nguThixo, oko kukuthi, lilizwi likaThixo elabhalwa ngamaxesha athile eSiko. kwaye ukuba Akukho nto inokongezwa kuyo kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho nto inokususwa kuyo, ekubeni umnqophiso wokugqibela kaThixo kunye nathi awuyi kudlula kwaye akusayi kufuneka silinde esinye isityhilelo de uYesu Krestu abuye kwakhona njengokumkani nenkosi yethu. .
Ukongezelela, ekuphela kwecawa eye yadlulisela ilizwi likaThixo kulo lonke ihlabathi ibiyiCawa yamaKatolika ngokusebenzisa izindlu zoonongendi ezahlukahlukeneyo, ngeemonki zayo ezikhuphela izibhalo ezingcwele, ngezithethe zazo, ngemibhiyozo yazo ejikeleze uKristu nangokubonisa konke oko iBhayibhile ikutshoyo. ngokwayo iqulathe. Akunakwamkelwa iBhayibhile ukuba icawa egcine konke okukuyo ayimkelwa ukuze ingalahleki.
Iincwadi ezazingamkelwa buYuda namanye amahlelo onqulo zezikaTobias, uJudith, Wisdom, uSiraki, uBharuki nencwadi 1 neyesi-2 yeeMaccabees.
iCandelo lemixholo
Xa sisenza ulwahlulo ngemixholo yebhayibhile kufuneka siyenze ngeTestamente eNdala, ngamaxesha kaKristu kwaye namhlanje amaJuda asahlelwa ngolu hlobo, bekukho iincwadi zoMthetho, abaProfeti kunye nezinye iZibhalo. Kwezi ezimbini zokuqala zezona zibalulekileyo kumaYuda. UKristu wacaphula kakhulu kwimibhalo yetestamente endala, ezi zazisetyenziswa ezindibanweni.
Okwangoku nayiCawe yamaKhatholika kwiTestamente eNdala yahlulwe yaziincwadi ezintlanu ezibizwa ngokuba yiPentatiki, eli gama lithatyathwe kwipenta yesiGrike ethetha ezintlanu kunye neTeuco ethetha Instruments. Ukusuka apho kwavela ukubonakaliswa kwamatyala, apho kwakugcinwe imiqulu okanye iincwadi zepapyrus. Ezi ncwadi zintlanu zamaYuda ziyibiza ngokuba yiTorah okanye uMthetho kwaye nganye kuzo imele isahlulo sesihlanu somthetho. IPentatiki yenziwe ziincwadi ezi:
- Imfuduko
- IGenesis
- AbaLevi
- Números
- IDuteronomi
Emva koko kukho iiNcwadi zoBulumko:
- IiNdumiso
- umsebenzi
- Imizekeliso
- INtshumayeli
- Ingoma yazo iingoma
- Ubulumko
- Sirach okanye Ecclesiasticus
Iincwadi zeMbali zilandelayo:
- Joshua
- URute
- XNUMX Samuweli
- II kaSamuweli
- IiKumkani
- II Kumkani
- I yeziKronike
- II IziKronike
- I-Esdras
- UNehemiya
- UTobias
- Gweba
- Ester
- Abagwebi
- Mna Maccabees
- II iiMaccabees
KumaYuda abaprofeti bangaphambili yayinguYoshuwa, abagwebi, uSamuweli nooKumkani ekubeni babalisa amabali obomi babona baprofeti babalaseleyo abafana noEliya, uElisha noSamuweli. KumaKatolika aba baziwa kuphela njengabaprofeti.
KwiBhayibhile yesiGrike iNcwadi kaSamuweli neNcwadi yooKumkani yayiyincwadi enye, ngendlela efanayo eyenzeka ngayo kwiziKronike eyayiyincwadi enye kunye noEzra noNehemiya ezigqalwa njengezombhali omnye. IBhayibhile yesiGrike kunye neVulgate eyabhalwa yiNgcwele uJerome kwincwadi yeziKronike yaziwa ngokuba yiParalipomenos. Emva kwezi ncwadi kuza iincwadi zesiprofeto:
- UIsaya
- UJeremias
- Ukulila
- UBharuc
- Ezequiel
- daniel
- UHoseya
- Yoweli
- UAmosi
- UObhadiya
- UYona
- UMika
- UNahume
- UHabhakuki
- UZefaniya
- UZekariya
- UMalaki
Ngoku kwiTestamente eNtsha sifumana izahlulo ezi-4 okanye iinxalenye, eziqala ngeVangeli, iZenzo zabaPostile, iileta zeTestamente eNtsha kunye neeleta zamaKatolika. Iincwadi zeVangeli zezi: San Mateo, San Marcos, San Lucas and San Juan.
IZenzo Zabapostile: Kweli qela kukho iincwadi ezingama-21 ezabhalwa ngabapostile.
Iileta zeTestamente eNtsha: yenziwe ziincwadi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezabhalwa ngabapostile okanye abafundi ababebhalelwe abantu belo xesha: amaRoma, I no-II kwabaseKorinte, amaGalati, amaEfese, amaFilipi, amaKolose, I no-II kwabaseTesalonika, I no-II Timoti, uTito, uFilemon namaHebhere.
Iileta zamaKatolika ziileta ezabhalwa ngabapostile zezo zikaSantiago, I no-II Pedro; I, II kunye no-III kaYohane; Jude kunye ne-Apocalypse.
IPentatiki okanye iTorah
Ezi ziincwadi ezithetha ngendlela uThixo awadala ngayo ihlabathi, indlela awanyulwa ngayo uAbraham, iyintoni na imithetho neemfundiso kunye nendlela uThixo awayeqhubana ngayo nabantu bakhe, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ezi ncwadi zabhalwa ngumprofeti uMoses, noYesu ngokwakhe wazibiza ngokuba ziZibhalo. Umthetho kaMoses ( Luka 24:44 ). Imixholo efanelekileyo yezi ncwadi zintlanu yile:
- Ubomi buka-Adam noEva
- Ulwalamano lukaKayin noAbheli
- Ukwakhiwa koMkhombe kaNowa
- Ukwakhiwa kwenqaba yaseBhabheli
- Imbali yezixeko zeSodom neGomora
- Ibali lika-Abraham nomfazi wakhe uSara
- Ibali likaIsake noRebheka
- Ubudlelwane phakathi kukaYakobi noEsawu
- Ibali likaYosefu kunye nesambatho esinemibala emininzi
- Ubomi bukaMoses ukususela ekuzalweni kwakhe, ade akwazi ukukhulula abantu bakwaSirayeli, indlela awawela ngayo uLwandle oluBomvu, iPasika, imiyalelo eyi-10 netyeya yomnqophiso de kwasekufeni kwakhe.
- Kwenzeka ntoni kwizizwe ezili-12 zakwaSirayeli?
- Yonke imithetho, izithethe, nemithendeleko yamaSirayeli.
iincwadi zembali
Kule nxalenye yeBhayibhile kuchazwa yonk’ into ngembali yabantu bakwaSirayeli nendlela ekwakufuneka balwe ngayo ukuze bakwazi ukuba kwiLizwe Ledinga nendlela yokulilondoloza phantsi kweenkokeli zaBagwebi nooKumkani. Kwezi uya kufumana yonke into malunga nokubunjwa kukaSirayeli njengabantu, ababephantsi kolawulo lwabo, indlela ababezinikele ngayo kuThixo kwaye yayiyeyiphi intlekele enkulu yokomoya nendlela abazingisa ngayo ukuzoyisa. Ezona zihloko zinomtsalane kwezi ncwadi zezi:
- Ubomi bukaYoshuwa enqumla iYordan nokuwa kweendonga zaseYeriko
- Ibali likaSamson noDelila
- Ibali likaRute noNahomi
- Ubomi bukaSamuweli
- Ibali likaKumkani uSawule, uDavide noGoliyati, nendlela uDavide awaba ngukumkani ngayo.
- Ubomi bukaKumkani uSolomon kunye noKumkanikazi waseShebha, ukwakhiwa kweTempile
- Amabali omprofeti uEliya noElisha
- Ookumkani bakwaSirayeli kunye neemfazwe zabo
- Bahlulwa njani ubukumkani bakwaSirayeli?
- Ixesha lokuthinjwa kunye nokubuya kwakhe okulandelayo
- UJudith noEstere
Iincwadi zeMibongo okanye Iincwadi zoBulumko
Ezi ncwadi zizele ziivesi, izafobe kunye nemizekeliso, ufumanisa neendumiso eziyimithandazo eyahlukahlukeneyo eyayiculwa ngokohlobo lweengoma zokudumisa uThixo. Inkoliso yeeNdumiso yabhalwa nguKumkani uDavide, kodwa kukho ezinye ezabhalwa nguSolomon. Izihloko ezinomdla kakhulu zezi ncwadi zezi:
- Ubomi nokubandezeleka kukaYobhi
- iindumiso 150
- amaqhalo
- Amazwi obulumko
- Ingoma yazo iingoma
Iincwadi Zesiprofeto
Ziincwadi ezinokuthi zisixelele yonke into malunga nezibikezelo zangoku kunye nekamva labantu bakwaSirayeli, iindlela uThixo anxibelelana ngazo nabo, kwanokuba kutheni amaKatolika kufuneka akholelwe kuThixo omnye, abe nokholo, ekubeni ethetha. kuthi ngeBhayibhile. Kule nxalenye ungafumana ulwazi ngabaProfeti abaKhulu: uIsaya, uYeremiya noHezekile; nabaprofeti abancinane: uDaniyeli, uHoseya, uYoweli, uAmosi noYona.
iincwadi zevangeli
Nantsi ke incwadi esixelela ngobomi bukaYesu Krestu ukususela ekuzalweni kwakhe kuse ekufeni nasekuvukeni kwakhe. Ezona zibalaseleyo kwezi zizihloko ezihambelana nezi:
- Ukuzalwa kukaYesu
- Ibali leZazi
- Usapho lukaYesu (uYosefu noMariya)
- UYesu ulahlekile etempileni
- UYesu uya entlango
- Ubhaptizo lukaYesu
- Iintsikelelo kunye noBawo wethu
- Imizekeliso kaYesu nemimangaliso yakhe
- Isidlo Sangokuhlwa Sokugqibela
- Ukungcatshwa kukaYude
- Ukukhanyela kukaPetros
- Uvuko lukaKristu
Izenzo zabapostile
Indlela uluntu lokuqala lwamaKristu olwaqala ngayo ukwenza kunye nokuhlalisana iyabaliswa, kukholelwa ukuba kukuqhubela phambili kweVangeli kaLuka, kuba ibhalwe ngumbhali omnye. Eyona nto bayijonge kakhulu kwezi ncwadi yimixholo ethi: ukunyukela kukaYesu ezulwini, indlela uMoya oyiNgcwele afika ngayo ngePentekoste, kwibandla lokuqala, ukufela ukholo kwabangcwele bokuqala, ukuguquka kukaSawule, imisebenzi kaPetros Ngoku uSawule wabiza uPawulos nangemimangaliso yakhe.
Iileta
Iqulunqwe ziileta ezingama-21, isiqingatha sazo zibhalwe nguPawulos oNgcwele kwaye zabhekiswa kuluntu lwamaKristu kunye neenkokeli zabo, kuzo iimfundiso, kwenziwa izilumkiso, bakhuthazwa ukuba baqhubeke elukholweni, izilungiso zenziwe kwaye ulwazi luthunyelwa kubo. Iicawa zamandulo. Izihloko eziphambili kakhulu zezi:
- Indlela yokubulela
- Ukholo lugwetyelwa njani?
- Yintoni uMthetho
- Yintoni uMthendeleko oNgcwele
- Izipho
- imfihlelo yebandla
- Ukubandezeleka
- Intsingiselo kaKristu nomnqamlezo wakhe
- Yayiyintoni ihambo yobuKristu?
I-Apocalypse okanye iNcwadi yeZityhilelo
Kwezi ncwadi kuthiwa zibhalwe nguYohane, kuchazwa imbonakaliso zikaThixo njengomnini wendalo iphela, ezi ncwadi bezisoloko zingumxholo wokutolikwa ngendlela engeyiyo.
Uyifunda njani iBhayibhile yamaKatolika?
Xa befunda iBhayibhile, abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba bafumana ulwazi oluphangaleleyo kuyo, bakhangela nje kuba befuna ukwazi okanye benyanzelekile. Kodwa eneneni ukuze uyiqonde kufuneka ube nendlela yokuyifunda, ezi ncwadi ngokwazo azinalandelelwano kwaye azibhalwanga ngokulandelelana kwazo.
Icandelo ngalinye lebhayibhile lizele zizinto ezifundwayo, ukuba ubufunda incwadi ethile ubuya kuyenza uqala ngesahluko sokuqala ude ufikelele esiphelweni, ngeBhayibhile kufuneka wenze njalo.
Ngaba yonke into ebhaliweyo ngoThixo ibhalwe nguThixo?
Zininzi iincwadi ezithetha ngoThixo, ibe sinokuzifumana kangangamawaka eminyaka. KumaMayans kwakukho iPopol Vuh, kumaBhuda kukho iRamayana kunye neMahabaratha. Kodwa oko thina maKristu sikwaziyo kwenzeka ngokufa kukaYesu Kristu, xa uninzi lwemisebenzi neemfundiso zakhe zaqalisa ukubhalwa.
Uninzi lwazo lugqalwa njengemithombo yokwenene nethembekileyo yobomi bukaYesu, kodwa kwezinye iimeko ezininzi ziye zayilwa ukuze kufumaneke abalandeli abangakumbi. Kukho imibhalo emininzi apho isibonisa umntwana onguYesu owanikwa imimangaliso emininzi enjengokuphila kwizinto zokudlala okanye ukuba wayekwazi ukuthetha nezilwanyana, kodwa ekubeni kungekho nto ibonisa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kubomi bukaYesu ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-12 ubudala. de kwaba ngama-30 ukuqalisa kwakhe ivangeli yakhe, ezi ncwadi zazigqalwa njengeeApocrypha.
Ngesithethe sabapostile kunikwa amandla amakhulu ebandleni, athe ngalo waziqokelela zonke iincwadi, wazihlalutya ngokweenkcukacha, nangokhanyiso loMoya oyiNgcwele, wanyula kuzo zonke iincwadi ababezinyule 73 kuphela. , awathi ihlelo alililizwi likaThixo. Kamva bawahlanganisela kwincwadi enye awayibiza ngokuba yiBhayibhile okanye Incwadi Engcwele YeZibhalo.
IBhayibhile yayigqalwa njengeyinyaniso nekuphela kwelizwi likaThixo, elibhalwe nguye ngeepeni zababhali behagiographer. Njengoko uMoya oyiNgcwele wayekho ekukhetheni imisebenzi, ibandla lisixelela ukuba kufuneka siqiniseke ukuba kubhalwe inyaniso kuphela kuyo, inyaniso ethembekileyo nengenasiphoso.
Kukho iiBhayibhile ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, yeyiphi elungileyo?
Sifumana iiBhayibhile ezininzi phakathi kwazo yile yeMormons, enye yabantu, enye kaGidiyon, iLatin American, amaNgqina kaYehova, enye yaseYerusalem, njl. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- Kwakukho abantu abaninzi abathi, ngenxa yokuthanda kwabo okulungileyo nokulandela iCawa, benza iinguqulelo ezininzi zazo baza bazilungelelanisa neelwimi ezininzi, ukuze ilizwi likaThixo lifikelele kubo bonke abantu, yaye kwezi nguqulelo bayiguqulela intsingiselo yamagama amaninzi. .
- Kukwakho namahlelo amaninzi okanye iicawa ezininzi eziye zayicinezela inkcazelo eninzi zaza zaphinda zachukumisa izinto ezazingazithandi okanye ezaziluncedo zaza ekugqibeleni zasiguqula isigidimi sikaThixo, ngenxa yokuba amagama amaninzi awayebhalwe ngababhali be<em>hagiographer ekuqaleni aye alungiswa.
Indlela Yokwazi Ukuba IBhayibhile Yeyokuqala
Xa ufuna ukuthenga ibhayibhile kwaye ufuna ukwazi ukuba yeyoqobo na, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kwezi ngcebiso zilandelayo:
- Khangela ukuba unazo zonke iincwadi ezingama-73 eziqukiweyo, ezingama-46 kuzo zezeTestamente eNdala nezingama-27 zeTestamente eNtsha.
- Uyabona ukuba kwiphepha elingasemva kukho utyikityo okanye igama laso nasiphi na isiphathimandla seCawa yamaKatolika, ngesiLatini kufuneka sithi. nangemvume y I-Nihil obstat ontsingiselo yayo ikukuba inokushicilelwa kwaye akukho mqobo kushicilelo lwayo olutsha.
- Ukuba ufuna ukukhuseleka ngakumbi, funa icebiso kumfundisi othembekileyo.
Ubunye kuzo zombini iiTestamente
Omabini amatestamente anomanyano, oko kukuthi, ayaphelelisana ngendlela yokuba owokuqala achaze owesibini aze owesibini achaze nowokuqala, nayiphi na ingcaciso efunwayo kuwo nawuphi na kuwo inokufumaneka kuzo zombini ekubeni ebhekisa kumnqophiso womanyano. okokuqala kwizinto ezaziza kwenzeka, okwesibini kwizinto ezenzekileyo nezaprofetwayo de kwafika uYesu.
Ngesi sizathu, uYesu wayesoloko ebaxelela abantu ababemlandela ukuba bamve ukuba bafanele benze uphando kwizibhalo zamandulo kwaye apho baya kufumanisa ukuba uMoses wayethethile ngaye ( Yoh. 5:39-45 ).
ITestamente eNdala… iphelelwe lixesha?
Ayisiyiyo yonke into endala ethetha ukuba ayisebenzi okanye ayinayo into eluncedo, sinokuyibona kwifenitshala yakudala kunye nobucwebe ukuba namhlanje zibiza kakhulu kwaye zinyuka ngakumbi nangakumbi ngexabiso. Kwangokunjalo neTestamente eNdala yasixelela ngokufika kukaYesu, kodwa uthe akufika akazange ayeke ukusebenza, kodwa uYesu akazange eze kulo mhlaba ukuba atshitshise oko kwakusele kubhaliwe, weza kukwenza okungaphezulu. igqibelele.
Oku kusixelela ukuba asifanele siyityeshele imibhalo yeTestamente eNdala, ekubeni nayo iphuma kwimpefumlelo kaThixo yaye kuzo sinokufumana ukungafezeki okuninzi nezinto ezidlulayo, kodwa kukwakho nemfundo eninzi yobuthixo, iimfundiso ezilungileyo zokuba ngubani na. nguThixo, ubulumko bomntu, imithandazo, kwaye kwabaninzi apho sinobutyebi obufihliweyo bendlela esinokuzisindisa ngayo.
Ngoku, iTestamente eNtsha inenyaniso eyodwa yokuba sisityhilelo esingcwele, esigxininisa kuYesu Kristu, into awayenzayo, into awayifundisayo, into eyayiya kuba yinkanuko yakhe yokuvuka kwakhe kamva. Kuyo sifumana indlela ibandla elitsha elaqala ngayo ngoncedo loMoya oyiNgcwele. Kodwa ukuze siqonde oko sikuko isigidimi sikaThixo kwiTestamente Entsha, simele sisifunde ngokuvisisana neTestamente Endala.
Kuzo zonke izibhalo ezingcwele sifumana isityhilelo esinye, umyalezo omkhulu ovela kuThixo oya emntwini kwaye oku akunakuqondwa ukuba iBhayibhile ifundwa ngendlela eqhekezayo. Iingcali ezininzi zicinga ukuba iBhayibhile ifana neteyiphu yokurekhoda, ukuze siyive, kufuneka sisebenzise iimpondo ezimbini: itestamente endala nentsha. Ukuba uyiva ngophondo olunye uya kuva ithoni enye kuphela: ephantsi okanye ephezulu, oko kukuthi, awuyi kukwazi ukuva umculo okwelinye.
Kuphela kuxa usebenzisa ezi ncukuthu zimbini uthi uve umculo opheleleyo uze uwunandiphe, ngale ndlela iBhayibhile isebenza ngayo, umbhali wayo uwuqambe ngendlela yokuba umele uphulaphule ezi ncukuthu zimbini ukuze uqonde indlela eculwe ngayo kamnandi. . Yiyo loo nto zonke izibhalo ezingcwele kufuneka zifundwe, umnqophiso omdala kaThixo esiwufumana kwiTestamente eNdala usixelela ngezinto awayeza kuzenza uKristu kwiTestamente eNtsha, yiyo loo nto omabini la malungu engahlulwa omnye komnye.
Imibhalo yokuqala kunye neekopi
Akukho nasinye kwizibhalo zeBhayibhile esityobelweyo, yaye asinakuqinisekiswa ukuba ngokwenene zabhalwa ngesandla saloo mntu zabelwe kuye kuhlelo lwazo. Kodwa oku akusosizathu sokukhathazeka, kuba kukho imisebenzi emininzi efunyenweyo eyahluke kakhulu kwiminyaka kunye neenkulungwane ukusuka kumsebenzi wokuqala.
Xa kuthethwa ngemibhalo yantlandlolo eBhayibhileni, sibhekisela kulwimi eyabhalwa ngalo, ezona lwimi zazisetyenziswa ngelo xesha yayiyisiHebhere, isiAramiki nesiGrike. Emva koko iinguqulelo ziya kwenziwa ngesiLatini, iSpanish, isiNgesi, njl.
iikopi ezibhalwe ngesandla
Xa sibhekisela kwiikopi ezibhalwe ngesandla, ngamaxwebhu enziwe ngesandla.
imathiriyeli
Izinto zokuqala ezasetyenziselwa ukubhala okanye ukubhalwa phantsi yayingamacwecwe odongwe, iiostraka okanye iiseramiki, amatye ecylinder kunye nestelae. Ukuqalisa ukwenza umbhalo weBhayibhile, ezi zixhobo zazingezizo ezo zazisetyenziswa, ekubeni zazisetyenziselwa ukwenza imibhalo emifutshane nefutshane, ngoko kwaqaliswa ukusetyenziswa imipapiri nesikhumba.
Owona mdala kubo yipapyrus eyaqala ukusetyenziswa eYiputa ngonyaka we-3000 BC. Esi sisityalo samanzi, esikwabizwa ngokuba ngummoba okanye iJunco esoloko igqama kwiNtili yeNayile.Ukuwenza, umboko kwakufuneka uvulwe uze ucinezelwe, ukusuka apho kwafunyanwa amaphepha athi ke anqunyulwe, atyunyuzwe aze ome. .
Yayiyinto esetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kodwa yayibuthathaka kakhulu, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba kubhalwe kuyo kwicala elinye kuphela, ezininzi zazo zifunyenwe eYiputa, ekubeni imozulu eyomileyo yayivumela ukuhlala kwayo. Luninzi ulwazi olufunyenwe kubo kwimibhalo yeBhayibhile.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izintsu zazisenziwa ngofele lwezilwanyana ezinjengamatakane neegusha. Indlela yokulungiswa kwayo yayisaziwa ngokuba yipergamon kwaye yayisetyenziswa emantla e-Efese, malunga nonyaka we-100 emva kukaKristu, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwakukhethekile kakhulu phakathi kwamaPersi. Ngenkulungwane yesine emva koKristu yayisele isetyenziswa ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ekubeni yayixhathisa, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ibiza kakhulu, maxa wambi esi sixhobo sasikhutshelwa ukususa yonke into ebhaliweyo, kubhalwe kwakhona kuyo.
format
Kwakusenziwa umsongo omde wompapiri okanye wethwathwa, owawuqiniswa ezincamini zawo ngeentsimbi zomthi okanye zentsimbi, ezazisetyenziselwa ukusonga, le misongo isasetyenziswa nanamhlanje kumaYuda. I<em>codex okanye incwadi eqhelekileyo, njengoko yayibizwa njalo, yasetyenziswa ngamaKristu okuqala ngenkulungwane yesibini, namaYuda ukususela ngenkulungwane yesixhenxe.
Ezona zindala zazibhalwe ngoonobumba abakhulu ngokuqhubekayo, kunzima ukuzifunda ekubeni kungekho mahluko ungako phakathi kwamagama awo yaye zasetyenziswa de kwaphakathi kwinkulungwane ye-250, ekuye kwafunyanwa abamalunga nama-2600. Ezo zalandelayo zazinoonobumba abancinane. yaye ukuFunda kwawo kulula, ekubeni kwanika ithuba lokwahlula amagama, ukusetyenziswa kwawo kwaqalisa ngenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX emva kukaKristu yaye kukho angaphezu kwama-XNUMX awo.
Iilwimi eyabhalwa ngazo iBhayibhile
Iilwimi ezasetyenziswa xa kubhalwa iBhayibhile yayisisiAramiki, isiHebhere nesiGrike. Phantse yonke iTestamente eNdala ibhalwe ngesiHebhere, olu lulwimi lokuqala lwabantu bamaYuda, akukho nto ingako eyaziwayo malunga nemvelaphi yayo, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngamaKanan kwaye yamkelwa ngamaSirayeli xa ehlala. ilizwe lakwaKanan .
IsiAramiki lulwimi oludala kakhulu, oludala kakhulu kunolo lwamaHebhere, kolu lwimi zimbalwa kakhulu izinto ezibhaliweyo ezinjengoEzra, uYeremiya, uDaniyeli noMateyu. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kumaSirayeli kwaqala malunga nenkulungwane yesine neyesithathu ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu yaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwakunamandla kangangokuba kwaqalisa ukushenxisa isiHebhere, ngeBhayibhile kwaziwa ukuba uYesu wayethetha ngesiAramiki.
IsiGrike lulwimi ekubhalwe ngalo incwadi yobulumko, eyesi-2 kaMaccabees nayo yonke into ekwiTestamente eNtsha, ngaphandle kweVangeli kaMateyu, lo mbhalo wesiGrike wawusetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa kakubi nangendlela engcolileyo, ingeyiyo eyakudala, kwaye ibhalwe ngesiGrike. yayiyeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu emva kokuba uAleksandire Omkhulu oyise iGrisi, ngokushwankathelayo iBhayibhile ibhalwe ngezi lwimi:
ITestamente Endala
UDaniyeli ubhalwe ngesiHebhere ngeziqwenga ezahlukahlukeneyo zesiAramiki nesiGrike, uEzra ubhalwe ngesiHebhere yaye ezinye iziqwenga zesiAramiki, uEstere ngesiHebhere kunye neziqwenga zesiGrike, u-I Maccabees ngesiHebhere no-II ngesiGrike, uTobias noJudith ngesiHebhere nangesiAramiki, uBulumko ngesiHebhere nangesiAramiki. IsiGrike kunye nezinye iincwadi zesiHebhere kuphela.
ITestamente eNtsha
ITestamente eNtsha ibhalwe ngesiGrike ngaphandle kweVangeli kaMateyu oNgcwele ebhalwe ngesiAramiki ngokupheleleyo.
Iinguqulelo zeBhayibhile
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane iBhayibhile iye yaneenguqulelo ezininzi, eyona inkulu kuzo eyaziwa ngokuba yiSeptuagint neVulgate. Kuthiwa inguqulelo yeSeptuagint yacaciswa ngamadoda azizilumko angama-70 abantu bakwaSirayeli yaza yasusela kwinkulungwane yesi-III neyesi-I ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu, yaye yayiyeyona isetyenziswa eDiaspora okanye ixesha lokuchithachitheka kwamaYuda. eyayisetyenziswa kuphela ngamaYuda awayephila kwilizwe lamaGrike namaRoma, ngokukodwa eAleksandriya, awayesele ekulibele ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiHebhere.
Le nguqulelo ye<em>Septuagint yayibalulekile kumaYuda awayethetha isiGrike yaye ukusuka apho yasasazeka kulo lonke elaseMeditera, ilungiselela oko kwakuza kuba ziincwadi zeVangeli.
Inguqulelo yeVulgate, yile yacaciswa nguSaint Jerome ngesiLatini, engqinelana nenkulungwane ye-IV, yabhalwa kwisixeko saseBhetelehem, yaye ivela ngenxa yemfuneko, ekubeni ebudeni beenkulungwane ezimbini zokuqala zexesha lobuKristu kwasetyenziswa inguqulelo yesiGrike. .ulwimi olwalusetyenziswa ngamaxesha amaRoma, kodwa ngenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX, isiLatini sasisiya sisanda kulo lonke elaseNtshona, kwaphuma kule nguqulelo ezinye iinguqulelo esizaziyo namhlanje.
IBhunga laseTrent lelo layigqala iVulgate njengenguqulelo yeBhayibhile yesiLatini esemthethweni, ngaphandle kokuzishiya ecaleni ezinye iinguqulelo ezazikho.
IsiBhalo esiNgcwele sixabiseke kakhulu kubomi beCawe
Ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu ekubeni imele ilizwi eliphilileyo likaThixo, okanye nguye owanika amaKristu amandla kunye namandla ngenxa yokwandiswa kwawo, nguye oxhasayo, kunye ne-Ekaristi, bonke ubomi bebandla, eqinisekisa. ukholo, ukondla umphefumlo nokuba ngumthombo wabo bonke ubomi bomoya.
Kufuneka abe ngumoya wemfundiso yezakwalizwi, wokushunyayelwa kwabefundisi, imfundiso yecatechesis kunye nazo zonke iimfundiso zobuKristu, kungenxa yale misebenzi kunye nokuba nobomi bukaYesu Krestu, ilizwi lakhe kunye neziqhamo athe wafika ngazo. ukuze siqhubeke siphila ubomi bobuKristu. Icawa ikhuthaza ukuba iBhayibhile ifanele ifundwe rhoqo kuba ukuba asiyazi ngoko asinakuze simazi ukuba ungubani uKristu.
Eminye imixholo enokuba nomdla kuwe yile:
Mingaphi imimangaliso awayenzayo uYesu?
Zingaphi iincwadi zeBhayibhile zamaKatolika?
Novena kuMntwana oNgcwele uYesu ukuba acele ubabalo