Ehlabathini bekusoloko kukho ukungaqiniseki kokwazi ukuba iminenga iphefumla njani? Namhlanje sikuzisa inqaku apho siza kuchaza yonke into malunga nesi sihloko. Iminenga ithathwa njengenye yezona zilwanyana zanyisayo zikhulu emhlabeni kwaye, ngokulandelayo, ezinye zeentlobo zazo zezona zinkulu kwihlabathi laselwandle. Ngoku siza kufunda malunga nokuphefumla kwezi cetaceans zibalaseleyo.
Iphefumla phi iminenga?
Into yokuqala ekufuneka siyazi, ukongezelela kwinto yokuba iminenga inemiphunga, njengezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo, kukuba iphefumla ngemibhobho ye<em>spiracles. Okokuqala, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba iminenga iyinxalenye yeqela le-cetaceans kwaye ezi, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ziye zadlula kwiinguqu ezahlukeneyo ezithe zanegalelo ekuphefumleni okulula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Into yokuqala eyenzekayo kukuba iimpumlo zabo zasuka ebusweni babo zaya phezu kweentloko zabo.
Ngenxa yolu hlengahlengiso, impumlo yayeka ukuthwala elo gama kwaye yaba sisigqubuthelo, oku kuya kuba ngumngxuma. iphefumla phi iminenga. Olu tshintsho lwenza ukuba ukuphefumla kwezi zilwanyana kube lula kakhulu ukwenza, kuba ekubeni zikwinxalenye ephezulu yomzimba wazo, akukho mfuneko yokuba zenze umgudu omkhulu wokuphefumla, kuba kufuneka zidada phezu kwamanzi kuphela ukuze ziphefumle. yenza esi senzo.
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo, iminenga ayikwazi ukuphefumla ngemilomo yayo, kuba imijelo yokuphefumla kunye nomlomo yahlulwe ngokupheleleyo, oku kuluncedo kakhulu kubo kuba umngcipheko wamanzi awaselayo ukufikelela emiphungeni uyapheliswa kwaye uyawarhaxwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho iintlobo zeminenga ukuba endaweni yokuba ne-spiracle banamabini, aba yiminenga ye-baleen.
Iphefumla njani iminenga?
Ukuphefumla kweminenga kudla ngokuqhutywa ngokuzithandela, oku kwahlukile kwezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngexesha umnenga olichitha phezu komphezulu wolwandle kunyanzeleka ukuba utshintshe ikharbon dioksijini ukuze ufumane ioksijini ngokukhawuleza, oku kuthetha ukuba, ngexesha lokuphefumla komnenga, ngelixa ioksijini ingena ikharbon diokside eshiya ngaxeshanye. Imiphunga yeminenga, ngokukodwa i-alveoli, ilungelelaniswe ngokugqibeleleyo ukuze ikwazi ukwenza olu tshintshiselwano ngaxeshanye xa iphefumla.
Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba iminenga inokukhupha kuphela umoya oqokelelwe emiphungeni xa iphezu kwamanzi, kodwa oku akunjalo, iyakwazi ukuyikhupha xa isemanzini, yindlela eyenza ngayo iqamza layo. umnatha apho banokubamba khona iintlanzi. Amaqamza ahamba emanzini de afikelele phezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphefumla ioksijini kwenzeka kuphela xa isilwanyana siphezu komhlaba.
Iminenga inohlobo olunye kuphela lokuphefumla, njengazo zonke ezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo, kwaye oko kukuphefumla kwemiphunga. Sibhekisela koku xa ioksijini nekharbon diokside zidlula emiphungeni apho kutshintshiselana khona ukuze izilwanyana zikwazi ukuphefumla.
Inkqubo yokuphefumla iWhale
Yonke le nkqubo iqala ngokugxothwa kwe-carbon dioxide (CO2). Ngelixa umnenga usemanzini, unokuwukhupha, uya kuphuma phezu komhlaba ngendlela yamaqamza, kwelinye icala, xa umnenga uphuma emanzini, le nkqubo iqhutywa ngokukhulula isixa esikhulu. womoya namanzi kumbindi womngxuma wokuvuthela, nto leyo eyenza abantu babukeke bebukele. Abaninzi babiza oku kugxothwa kwamanzi "ukuvuthela" kodwa bathetha ukuthini ngaloo nto? Sobona.
Xa sithetha ngokuvuthuza kweminenga, sibhekisela kwisandi esisibangelayo xa ikhupha ngokukhawuleza imiphunga yayo ngokuphefumla icarbon dioxide. Oku kusixelela ukuba xa sibona umnenga usenza umboniso wawo wokukhupha umoya namanzi ngespiracle, eyona nto uyenzayo kukususa wonke umoya oqokelelwe kwimiphunga yawo.
Le nkqubo inokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kuba iminenga inemiphunga elungelelaniswe ngokugqibeleleyo ukuze kwenzeke oku, kwanezihlunu zesifuba zomelele ngakumbi kwaye zibhetyebhetye, nto leyo eyenza ukuba yonke into idibene ibe namandla okwenza uxinezeleko lwemiphunga lube namandla kangangokuba Baphantse bangabinawo kwaphela. umoya. Ngokunjalo, kuyanceda ukugcinwa kweoksijini ixesha elide apho iminenga ilichitha emanzini kwaye ngaphandle kokuza phezulu.
Emva kokuba umnenga ukhuphe umoya ngokukhawuleza, uya kuqalisa ukuzalisa imiphunga yawo kwakhona, kodwa ngeli xesha ngokuthe ngcembe, emva kokwenza esi senzo i-spiracle yayo iya kuvala ukunqanda ukuphuma kweoksijini kunye nokungena kwamanzi kuyo. ngelo xesha xa umnenga unokuzintywilisela emanzini uze uqalise ukuqubha.
Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba imiphunga yeminenga kufuneka ibe mikhulu kakhulu, ngokungafaniyo nezilwanyana ezincancisayo zomhlaba, kodwa oku akunjalo, abanalo ubungakanani obukhulu, nangona kunjalo, ukuba sinokuqinisekisa ukuba amandla abo okwandisa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwawo kukhulu kakhulu. oku kuthetha ukuba banokukhuthaza kwaye banqwenele ngokunzulu ngakumbi kunezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo. Ixesha apho umnenga unokubamba umphefumlo kunye nepateni eyenziwe ngexesha lawo, lithanda ukuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nomsebenzi owenziwa sisilwanyana.
Iminenga ayinako ukugqitha ubunzulu edada kubo, oku kungenxa yokuba iba semngciphekweni wokudilika kwemiphunga ngenxa yoxinzelelo olukhoyo, inokuntywila phakathi kwe-50 ne-100 yeemitha ubunzulu kakhulu. Njengoko umnenga untywila, umoya oqulethwe kwi-alveoli yawo uya kudlula ukusuka apho ukuya kuqhoqhoqho kunye ne-bronchi, ezikwaziyo ukuxhathisa ngakumbi kuxinzelelo lokugcina umoya uqokelelene ngelixa zintywila nzulu.
Olunye uhlengahlengiso olunxulumene nokuphefumla kweminenga
Besele sisazi ukuba ukulungelelaniswa kweminenga kwindlela yokuphefumula, ngoku, siya kwazi ukuba baye batshintsha njani inkqubo yabo yokujikeleza kwegazi ngendlela ethile ukuze inkqubo yokutshintsha iigesi ibe yinto enokwenzeka kwaye ilula. Masizazi ukuba ziyintoni na:
- Kukho uthungelwano lwemithambo yegazi eyaziwa ngokuba yi "rete mirabile", oku kufumaneka kwithorax yeminenga. Iimimes zizalisekisa umsebenzi wokugcina igazi eligcwele i-oksijini kwimida yesilwanyana, esisebenzisa njengendawo yokugcina ngelixa ifakwe elwandle.
- Izilwanyana ezanyisayo zinemolekyuli yezihlunu enoxanduva lokuhambisa igazi kwizihlunu, yaziwa ngokuba yi-myoglobin. Iphakathi kwe-10 kunye nama-30 amaxesha aphezulu kwi-cetaceans kunezinye izilwanyana ezincancisayo.
- Ukongeza koku, iminenga ngokukodwa inemithambo yegazi emikhulu kakhulu, ukuba uhlobo lomnenga lunokuhlala ixesha elide ngaphantsi kwamanzi, imithambo yegazi yalo iya kuba nkulu kunaleyo ichitha ixesha elincinane intywiliselwe, oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba inokonga ngakumbi iziko le-O2. yabo.
- Olunye ulwahlulo olubalulekileyo kukuba iminenga inamandla asimahla okubonelela ngegazi elincinci kwizitho ezincinci, kwaye igcine kuphela ukuqheleka kwezo zibalulekileyo, ngale ndlela i-oxygenation igxile ngakumbi kwezo zitho ziyimfuneko ukuze ziphile.
Iphefumla njani iminenga xa ilele?
Enye yezona zinto zinomdla kakhulu iminenga enayo, njengezinye iicetaceans, kukuba banendlela ethile yokulala evumela ukuba bahlale bephefumla ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuthongo babo, injani le nto? Ewe, ilula kakhulu. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo, iminenga kufuneka iphume ngokuyinxenye emanzini ukuze iphefumle, ukuze ingakwazi ukulala kakuhle, ngoko ke iye yazenzela eyayo inkqubo yokulala.
Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba yi "unihemispheric sleep", ibandakanya kuphela ukuvumela ihemisphere enye yengqondo yakho ukuba ilale okanye iphumle ngelixa enye ihlala isebenza, kunje. iphefumla njani iminenga namahlengesi, kwanale yenye ye Iimpawu zikakrebe, ngenxa yokuba banabo obu buchule bunye bokuphumla, ngale ndlela banokulala bengatshoni, bayeke ukuqubha okanye ukuphefumla.
Ukuguquguquka kwezi zilwanyana kuye kwabavumela ukuba balale ngendlela ekhethekileyo, kuba kunokuthiwa iminenga ngokoqobo "isiqingatha sokulala", kungale ndlela ukuba iphakame phezulu ukuze iphefumle ngexesha elinikiweyo kwaye ngokulandelayo ihlale. elele. Umzekelo omangalisayo wokuba indalo iyamangalisa kwaye inokuziqhelanisa ngeendlela ezimangalisayo ukuze iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zikwazi ukusinda kutshintsho olwenzeka emhlabeni.