Amandla ahlaziyekayo yenye yezinto eziphambili ezikhoyo ngoku kuluntu lwezenzululwazi, ikakhulu ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ebangelwa kukutshiswa kwamafutha ezilwanyana zamandulo ezaba lilitye elihlala liwohloka kwiatmosfera, yiyo loo nto kuvele amandla ahlaziyekayo ajongene nokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu ngokucoceka ngakumbi okusingqongileyo, kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kufunda malunga nendlela iipaneli zelanga ezisebenza ngayo, ukuba luhlobo lwetekhnoloji esekelwe kwimitha yelanga, makhe sifunde kancinci malunga nalo ngezantsi:
Amandla esola
Umntu usoloko ephawulwa ngokhangelo oluqhubekayo lwamandla, ekuthi ngalo inguquko yoluntu kunye nophuhliso loluntu lwenziwe, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha ibe nefuthe ekuwohlokeni kwemekobume kunye nongcoliseko. amandla avele, aziwa njengomthombo wamandla ococekileyo nongenakuphela, ogxile ekufumaneni amandla kuzo zonke izixhobo ezivuselelwayo.
Amandla ahlaziyekayo avela ngenjongo yokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ze-greenhouse, ngoko ke, kukho izibonelelo ezingapheliyo ezifana nomoya, amanzi, ukukhanya kwelanga, phakathi kwabanye. Kukho uhlobo lobunjineli olugxile ekufumaneni eyona nzuzo inkulu kubo kwaye ngaloo ndlela luvelisa amandla acocekileyo afanelekileyo kubo bonke abantu. Ezinye zazo ziye zavela ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye zixhasa lonke uluntu njengamandla elanga.
Amandla elanga ngalawo aphuma ngokuthe ngqo kwinkwenkwezi yelanga, apho ukusabela kwenyukliya kwangaphakathi kwenzeka elangeni, ukwakheka kwelanga yihydrogen yaye xa iphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu iyanyibilika ukuvelisa ihelium. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo lukhupha izixa ezikhulu zamandla ezihamba imigama emide emajukujukwini kwibhiliyoni yeminyaka. Umhlaba sesinye sezona zidalwa zisesibhakabhakeni zikufuphi nelanga, nto leyo evumela ukuba kubekho ubushushu obaneleyo obusebenzisana nokukhula kobomi kwisijikelezi-langa.
La mandla angabonakaliswa ngeendlela ezininzi, atolikwa kwii-wavelengths eziguquguqukayo ukufumana ukukhanya okubonakalayo kunye ne-infrared, zibhekwa njengenxalenye yokukhanya okungabonakaliyo okungenakubonwa ngeso lomntu kodwa kukho; Kukwakho utoliko olubhekiselele kwinxalenye yokukhanya efunyanwa kukukhanya okubonakalayo kwaye ibonwa zizivamvo zomntu, ngokuqhelekileyo ezaziwa njengokukhanya nobushushu.
Umntu uye wafuna indlela yokuzuza ingenelo yemitha yelanga efikelela kwisijikelezi-langa, ibe luhlobo oluthile lobuncwane obungenakuphela. Ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji esekwe ekusebenziseni kuthetha ukuqokelela imitha ye-electromagnetic evela elangeni, iqhuba uguqulo lwe-thermal de iguqulwe ibe ngamandla obushushu. Olu hlobo lwamandla lusetyenziswa ngabantu, ukuba basetyenziswe njengombane, amanzi ashushu, phakathi kwezinye. Yonke le nkqubo iqala ngokusebenzisana kweepaneli zelanga kunye nemitha evela elangeni.
Zisebenza njani iiphaneli zelanga?
Iiphaneli zelanga zihambelana nesixhobo esisetyenzisiweyo esinoxanduva lokubamba i-radiation yelanga ukuba iguqulwe ibe amandla ombane, zithathwa njengodidi lwabaqokeleli belanga abanoxanduva lokuvelisa amanzi ashushu ngokusebenzisa amandla elanga ashushu kunye neephaneli ze-photovoltaic zinoxanduva lokuvelisa umbane ngeendlela. yemitha yelanga.
Amandla ahlaziyekayo anoxanduva lokuguqula amandla endalo abe ngamandla alungele ukusetyenziswa kwabantu kunye nefuthe elincinci lokusingqongileyo, amandla elanga asetyenziswa kakhulu luluntu. Ukuguqulwa kwemitha yelanga kuqhutyelwa kwiiseli ze-photoelectric, ihambelana nesixhobo sombane esiguqula amandla okukhanya kumandla ombane.Olu hlobo lwenkqubo lwaziwa ngokuba yi-photoelectric effect.
Impembelelo ye-photoelectric ibandakanya ukuvumela ukubunjwa kokukhanya ngeefotoni, apho zifika zichaphazela umphezulu owenziwe nge-silicon, ziphela zikhupha umqa we-electron ezithinjwe ngumphezulu ofanayo kwaye zivelise umsinga wombane. Umba ofanelekileyo kule nkqubo yimiphezulu Ukuqulunqwa kwezixhobo ze-semiconductor, banoxanduva lokuguqula i-radiation yelanga ewela kubo kumbane.
Izikhongozeli zokukhanya zinoxanduva lokuhambisa amandla azo ukusuka kwii-electron ezifunyenwe kwizinto ze-semiconductor ezenza umphezulu wazo, zijolise kumzuzu wokuba umqobo onokubakho phakathi kwee-electron zaphukile, ngaloo ndlela zishiya imathiriyeli ye-semiconductor ukuya kwisekethe yangaphandle. Iiseli ze-Voltaic zisetyenziswa ngokubambisana nezinye iindlela ezinoxanduva lokwenza i-voltage kunye namandla afunekayo, ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane amandla elanga ukuba abe ngamandla anokuthi asetyenziswe. Okwangoku, iiseli ze-photovoltaic ezinamacala amabini zisetyenzisiweyo, zixhaswa yimihlaba ekhanyayo, ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo ukusebenza kakuhle kunokuphindwa kabini kwaye ukuvezwa kokukhanya kwelanga kwanda.
Olu hlobo lweeseli luyaziwa njengeepaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic, ezithathwa njengoluhlobo lweteknoloji ephakamileyo kunye neyinkimbinkimbi, isetyenziswe ziinkampani ezininzi kunye neenkampani ukuqinisekisa olu hlobo lobutyebi kwipropati yabo. Phakathi kwamazwe agqamayo ekuphumezeni olu hlobo lobuchwepheshe yiJamani, i-Italiya, iJapan kunye neMelika.
Usetyenziso lwaMandla oluveliswe ziiPaneli zeSolar
Iiphaneli zelanga luhlobo lwetekhnoloji efikelelekayo kubantu abaninzi, lubandakanya isixhobo esinoxanduva lokuguqula amandla avela elangeni abe ngamandla ombane, ubukhulu bephaneli efakiweyo, kokukhona ulwamkelo olukhulu lwemitha yelanga. kokukhona ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane. Zithathwa njengodidi lwamandla ahlaziyekayo nacocekileyo, acutha impembelelo kokusingqongileyo kwaye athande ukonga amandla.Masifunde malunga nezona zinto zisetyenziswayo zamandla enziwa ziipaneli zelanga:
Izicelo ezizimeleyo
Ziyaziwa njengofakelo lwe-photovoltaic oluhlukanisiweyo kumnatha wombane, oko kukuthi, abaxhunyiwe kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwenethiwekhi, ukubonelela yonke indawo ngamandla eveliswa ngamapaneli elanga kwaye asetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo. Zibhekwa njengenketho kulawo matyala apho kungenanzuzo kwaye ukugcinwa kunokuba nzima, ngoko ke uxhulumaniso luthe ngqo, ezinye zeendawo ezibonisa olu hlobo lofakelo ziintaba zokubalekela.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufakelwa kwe-photovoltaic ezizimeleyo, ezihlelwe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu; eyokuqala ingqamana nendawo, yileyo iveliswa ngesathelayithi kananjalo zezo zikhululo zasejukujukwini kwaye uhlobo lwesibini lusuka kumakhaya asemaphandleni, apho isetyenziselwa unxibelelwano, ukukhanyisa uluntu, ukumpompa amanzi, umqondiso, izixhobo zokukhanyisa, ukukhanya kwezolimo, phakathi kwabanye.
Olu hlobo lofakelo lusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwezo ndawo ezinobunzima bokufikelela kuthungelwano lombane, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukufaka iipaneli zelanga ezimele umthombo wokuzisebenzisa kunye nokuthuthuzela okukhulu. Ukuba neyona nto ibalulekileyo yokutshintsha kwemitha yelanga, ngokuxhomekeke kwishedyuli yelanga, ukuthambekela kwelanga, utshintsho lwemozulu kunye namaxesha onyaka; ukukhuthazwa ukuvelisa ukuqokelela kwamandla ayimfuneko kwezo yure uthungelwano lombane aluyi kukwazi ukubonelela.
Kule meko, ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic okuzimeleyo kujongene nokunikezela amandla avuselelekayo kuzo zonke iinkqubo zendawo, ngokukodwa loo mimandla yasemaphandleni efana neentaba okanye amathafa; ukuza ukuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane ngokusebenzisa iiphaneli ze-photovoltaic, ukugqamisa kule meko iseti yezinto ezikwaziyo ukuba nomsebenzi owaneleyo, ochazwe ngezantsi:
Ii-accumulators zamandla ombane
Bajongene nokugcina onke amandla ombane aveliswa ngamapaneli elanga, ukuvumela ukuqokelela kwamandla ayimfuneko okuvumela ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo ezifakwe. Ziliqela iibhetri ezifakwe kufutshane nesixhobo, ezinomsebenzi ofana kakhulu nebhetri. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuba ube yinto eyimfuneko kule mizuzu xa amandla ombane engakwazi ukuveliswa ngokuthe ngqo kwiiplate, ezifana nokondla amandla kwi-injini yemoto, njengasebusuku xa kungekho mitha yelanga, ixesha lasebusika xa imitha yelanga inqabile. , phakathi kwabanye.
abalawuli bentlawulo
Abalawuli bentlawulo baqhuba ulawulo lwenkqubo yokutshaja i-accumulator, luhlobo lwebhetri efakwe ngokwahlukileyo kwisixhobo okanye njenge-microcircuit edibeneyo. Bajongene nokulawula amandla ombane akhoyo ajikeleza kwisixokelelwano sakho ukuze amkelwe ziibhetri ezikufakelo lwakho. Omnye wemisebenzi yayo ephambili kukuphepha ukugcwala kunye nokugqithisa kuzo zonke iisekethe zayo, ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuphepha ukunciphisa ukusebenza okanye ubomi obuluncedo bebhetri kwaye ugweme ukubeka ukufakela konke emngciphekweni, oku kungenxa yokuba amandla elanga avelisa phezulu. I-voltages ngexesha lenkqubo yokulayisha, ngoko ke ithathwa njengento ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo.
Ii-Inverters zokutshaja
Uxanduva lokuguqula amandla elanga afunyenwe ngendlela yombane othe ngqo de uguqule ube ngumbane otshintshanayo, lo mva uphunyezwe kwizixhobo zombane. Umsebenzi ophambili kukuba ngumlungisi - inverter esetyenziselwa ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane kunye nokuphindaphinda kokutshintsha kwangoku ngokusekwe kumbane ofunyenwe ngamandla elanga. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubalulekile kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic ezizimeleyo kuba zinoxanduva lokunika amandla zonke izixhobo zombane ezifumaneka kwiindawo ezizimeleyo ezifana neendawo zokuhlala zeentaba, izikebhe, amakhaya ahambahambayo, phakathi kwabanye, ngaphezu kokuba noxanduva lokuqhuba ulawulo lwezinga lokujikeleza kwamandla. kwinkqubo yakho yeEyona meko yokukhanya.
Usetyenziso lweNethiwekhi
Ukusetyenziswa kwenethiwekhi yeepaneli zelanga zihambelana namandla avelisiweyo angenakudliwa ngokuzimeleyo, kulo mzekelo ugalela onke amandla awenziwe ngokuthe ngqo ukuba asetyenziswe, oku kungenxa yokuba ayinalo naluphi na uhlobo lokugcina, apho Imodyuli ye-voltaic inoxanduva lokufumana i-radiation yelanga, ide iguqulelwe kumandla ombane aqhubekayo, abantu abaphetheyo bathatha lo mjelo kwaye bawuguqule ube ngumbane oguqukayo, ekugqibeleni bahanjiswe ngokusasazwa kwabo.
Olu hlobo lwesicelo ludibene ngokuthe ngqo kwiipaneli zelanga ezijongene nokuvelisa umbane kwiifama zelanga, izityalo ze-photovoltaic, izakhiwo ze-photovoltaic, phakathi kwabanye. Zizo ezo ndawo ezinokunikezelwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okusebenzayo, ngoko ke, iipaneli zelanga luhlobo olufanelekileyo lwethekhnoloji yolu hlobo lomsebenzi.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo kwiiPaneli zeSolar
Ubuntu buye bagqama ngokufumana inzuzo enkulu kwimithombo ekhoyo kwindalo, ngoku iphuhlisa inani elikhulu letekhnoloji ejolise ekunciphiseni impembelelo embi kwiplanethi yomhlaba, iipaneli zelanga ezivelayo, ezijolise ekubeni nenzuzo enkulu kwimitha yelanga. , ngoko ke siya kukwazi iingenelo eziphambili kunye nokungonakali kolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelweyo.
Izinto eziluncedo kwiiPaneli zeSolar
Amandla elanga agxile ekufumaneni iingenelo kwimitha yelanga ukuba iguqulwe ibe ngamandla asetyenziswa ngabantu bonke, ibe amandla ahlaziyekayo agxile ekuveliseni ubutyebi obuzisebenzelayo kunye neyona mpembelelo incinci yokusingqongileyo, ngezantsi siya kwazi iingenelo zayo eziphambili:
Ayinakuphela
Eyona ngenelo icacileyo yeepaneli zelanga ngowona mthombo wamandla wawo, imitha yelanga, eyinto engapheliyo apho ufuna kuphela ukufumana inzuzo enkulu ekukhanyeni kwelanga kwiplanethi yomhlaba. Ukubethelela into yokuba amandla elanga akanakuze aphele, ngoko liqinisekisa ukuba liya kuba ngumthombo okhuselekileyo wobomi kangangezigidi zeminyaka.
Amandla acocekileyo
Enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo zoluntu yimpembelelo ephezulu yokusingqongileyo yokutshisa amafutha e-fossil, yingakho kuvela isidingo sokufumana amandla ngezinye iindlela ezihlaziyiweyo nezicocekileyo zokusingqongileyo, kulo mzekelo, iipaneli zelanga zinika uhlobo lwamandla acocekileyo ngokupheleleyo, ezingadingi unyango lwekhemikhali, okanye inkqubo engqongqo efana nokutsha, ngoko ke, azivelisi ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolisa umoya ezingcolisa umoya kwaye zisebenzisana nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Inkunkuma encinci
I-oyile imele enye yemithombo ephambili yamandla ehlabathini kodwa ikwayimbangela yenkunkuma eninzi evela kwizinto eziphuma kuyo okanye iinkqubo zesibini, ivelisa isixa esikhulu senkunkuma egcinwayo, ithatha iminyaka ukunyamalala kwaye ivelise impembelelo enkulu. . Iiphaneli zelanga ziqinisekisa ukuba azinakuvelisa naluphi na uhlobo lwenkunkuma okanye inkunkuma yesibini eyenzakalisa indalo.
UkuNcitshiswa kweNtlekele yeNdalo
Ukuchitheka kwe-oyile okubangelwa kumaqonga kunye neendawo zokucokisa kwaziwa kakuhle, kuvelisa ungcoliseko kunye nokulahleka kweentlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo; Enye yeendlela zokufuna amandla yinyukliya, eye yavelisa inani elikhulu lemiphumo kunye neentlekele zendalo ezifana nezo zaziwa kwiChernobyl okanye izityalo zeFukushima. Iiphaneli zelanga luhlobo lwetekhnoloji engenabungozi kwaphela, ngoko ke imeko yentlekele yendalo inokuncitshiswa.
Ukuzisebenzisa
Iiphaneli zelanga zimela iindlela ezithe ngqo zokufikelela umbane ngaphandle kwemfuneko yenkampani okanye ishishini elijongene nokuhanjiswa kwayo, ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kwezo ndawo zasemaphandleni ezingathandwayo, apho zingenako ukufikelela lula kuthungelwano lombane, ziqinisekisa ukuzimela. kula maxesha onyaka anobunzima kwesi sixhobo.
U ku velisa
Into ebalulekileyo yeepaneli zelanga kukuba zinokufakelwa kwizikali ezinkulu, ngokukodwa kwezo ndawo zifuna ukunikezelwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo njengezityalo kunye namabhoma; Ngokufanayo, zifunyenwe ukufakelwa kwezindlu ezincinci, ezimele uhlobo lwamandla okuxhasa, ngaphezu kokusebenzisana nokunciphisa iindleko zokukhanyisa uluntu.
Ukufakela okulula kunye noLondolozo oluncinci
Iiphaneli zelanga zimela uhlobo lobuchwepheshe olulula kwaye kulula ukuyifaka, alufuni ukugcinwa okunzima, ngoko kunokuqinisekisa ubuncinci beminyaka engama-20 yobomi obuluncedo.
Amathuba emisebenzi
Amandla ahlaziyekayo axhaswe linani elikhulu leenkampani kunye namaphulo athande ukulondolozwa kwendalo, evelisa amathuba amatsha engqesho axhasa unobangela. Iiphaneli zesolar zakhiwe ziinkampani ezineenjongo ze-ikholoji ezibonelela ngamathuba okuqesha kunye namathuba emisebenzi, ikwaqinisekisa ukuba nawona mathuba engqesho amakhulu kuluntu kwixesha elide.
Ukungalungi kweePaneli zeSolar
Amandla elanga amele awona mandla ahlaziyekayo asetyenziswa ngabantu kwaye aphuhliswe ngamazwe aliqela, ethathwa njengenye yemithombo ephambili yamandla acocekileyo kwikamva lomntu, nangona kunjalo kukho izinto ezingalunganga ekufuneka ziphawulwe:
Amandla amancinci afakiweyo
Amandla elanga yenye yezona zinto zifundiswayo kwaye zihambele phambili phakathi kwamandla avuselelekayo asetyenziswayo namhlanje, kodwa aphunyezwa kancinci kakhulu ezizweni, ukongeza ekungaxhaswanga ziinkampani ezinkulu, yiyo loo nto ukwandiswa kwayo kuye kwakhawulelwa kumazwe aphuhlileyo afana EJapan, eUnited States naseJamani.
Utyalo-mali oluPhezulu lwezoQoqosho
Owona mthombo usetyenziswayo kolu hlobo lwamandla yimitha yelanga, ethathwa njengomthombo ohlaziyekayo kwaye ufikeleleka lula kubo bonke, kodwa ukufakwa kweepaneli zelanga kudla ngokubiza kakhulu, kufuna utyalo-mali lokuqala olumalunga ne-7000 ye-euro ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani. ubume besixhobo, ngelixa ezo zokusetyenziswa ekhaya kufuneka zihlawulwe ngezavenge phakathi kweminyaka emalunga ne-7 ukuya kweli-10. Ke ngoko, olu hlobo lobuchwepheshe lufunyanwa ikakhulu ziinkampani kunye namashishini athile anenjongo ethile yendalo.
Indawo eneenkcukacha
Iipaneli zelanga azikwazi ukufumaneka kuyo nayiphi na indawo, kufuneka zibe nendawo efanelekileyo kunye nendawo yokusebenza kwazo ngokufanelekileyo, zihlala ziqwalasela ukudibanisa okukhulu kunye nemitha yelanga, ngoko ke, yinto ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa uqhuba ukufakela. kuba ayizizo zonke iindawo eziya kulungela olu hlobo lobuchwephesha.
Impembelelo ebonakalayo
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zongcoliseko, enye yazo kukungcoliseka okubonakalayo, imele yonke into ephula i-aesthetics yemo engqongileyo, ulwakhiwo oluqhubekayo lwasemaphandleni nakwiidolophu luye lwawohloka ubume bendalo kunye neepaneli zelanga zimela into enokuvelisa impembelelo enkulu. ibonwa kubo bonke ubunjineli bayo, ke ngoko, bahlala kwiindawo ezikude kunye nentlango. Iipaneli zelanga zifakwe kwizakhiwo okanye kwizindlu zelizwe, zinciphisa i-aesthetics yendawo, kodwa kufuneka zihlale zifumaneka kumanqaku anonxibelelwano olukhulu kunye nemitha yelanga. Ngenxa yoko, ithathwa njengamandla angacocekanga kakhulu, kuba isebenzisana nokungcoliseka kwendalo.
Azisebenzi kangako
Iipaneli zelanga zixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo elangeni, ngoko ke ziphenjelelwa ngala maxesha onyaka kunye nokukhanya okukhulu kwelanga njengehlobo nentwasahlobo, kodwa umsebenzi wabo uyancipha ngaloo maxesha emvula nasebusika. Ngoko ke, yindlela engalindelekanga yokufumana amandla, kuxhomekeka kwimozulu kunye neemeko zendawo ezibangela ukuba libe selangeni.
Oololiwe abaSebenza ngeSola
Iindlela zothutho zibonakaliswe njengenye yenkqubela phambili enkulu kuluntu, evumela abantu ukuba bahambe ukusuka kwelinye icandelo ukuya kwelinye ngexesha elifutshane, ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla bomntu, ezinye zezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu. ezothutho ziimoto zabucala, iiteksi, iibhasi, izithuthuthu, iinqwelomoya noololiwe. Ukuba kunye nenani elikhulu lezinto ezikhutshwayo ezingcolisa umoya ezikhula mihla le.
Esinye sezihloko eziphambili zokufunda ngabagcini bendalo yimpembelelo yekhabhoni eshiywe ngumntu rhoqo xa esebenzisa indlela yokuthutha, egxininisa kule meko xa esebenzisa uloliwe okanye esenza uhambo lwenqwelomoya; Ngenxa yoku, ezinye iintshukumo zokusingqongileyo ziye zazalwa, umzekelo ngo-2018 inani elikhulu labasebenzi beenqwelo moya zaseSweden barhoxa kwizikhundla zabo, ngenjongo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside emoyeni kunye nokwazisa uluntu malunga nokunyathela kwekhabhoni. ijongwe ngenqwelomoya nganye.
Ngelixa ngo-2019 e-Australia baqala ukusebenzisa oololiwe abaneemoto ezimbini ezisebenza kuphela ngamandla elanga, zithathwa njengenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji esebenzisana nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo kokusingqongileyo. EIndiya kukho oololiwe abangama-250 abagcinwa behamba ngamandla elanga, okwangoku iUnited Kingdom iqhuba uphando lokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha koololiwe bayo kunye nokuphumeza amandla avuselelekayo kwilizwe layo.
Iirhafu zentlawulo yeePaneli zeSolar
Maninzi amazwe agxile ekusetyenzisweni kobu buchwepheshe, ingakumbi lawo athandwa ziimpawu zawo zejografi nemozulu; ibalaselisa iSpain, emele elinye lamazwe anokukhanya okukhulu kwelanga emhlabeni, yiyo loo nto imele indawo ethandwayo yejografi yokusetyenziswa kobu bugcisa, ngenxa yokuba abemi abaninzi baye bacela ukuba bakwazi ukuyonwabela le nkonzo. Ngoko ke, okubizwa ngokuba yirhafu yelanga isetyenzisiwe, ekufuneka ihlawulwe ngaphambi kokufikelela kwinkonzo.
Ukugxininisa into yokuba uninzi lwabemi lukhetha ukutyala imali kwiiphaneli zelanga, ezithathwa njengobuchwephesha obubiza kakhulu kodwa bumele indlela yokonga amatyala ombane nokuba ekuhambeni kwexesha baqinisekisa ukuzimela; Kuthathwa njengomlinganiselo osebenzayo wesizwe siphela, kodwa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa itekhnoloji, irhafu kufuneka ihlawulwe kurhulumente, ivelise ukubhideka okukhulu kunye nokungahambelani kwabemi.
Embindini we-2018, uRhulumente waseSpain wagqiba ekubeni aphelise irhafu yelanga, konke oku ukuze kukhuselwe abathengi kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwabo. Okwangoku, le migaqo mitsha ivumela ukuba abantu bazitye ekwabelwana ngazo phakathi koluntu, ukuvumela ukufakelwa ngaphandle kwezakhiwo, ibe yindlela ekhethwa ngabahlali bedolophu kuphela abanokuyicela kwaye bafikelele kwisivumelwano.
Ukongeza, ukufakwa kweepaneli zelanga kufuneka kucele imvume kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo zombane ukuze zikwazi ukwenza uqhagamshelo, ngelixa ukufakwa kwasekhaya akuyi kufuna ukwenza olu hlobo lwenkqubo. Ukongeza, kunye nezixhobo, imitha yombane okhethekileyo iya kunikwa ukulawula ukuzisebenzisa.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo, sikushiyela abanye abaya kuba nomdla kuwe ngokuqinisekileyo:
Ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo
Izikhongozeli zokurisayikilisha