Kangangexesha elide, iintanda-bulumko kunye nababhali babecinga ukuba iplanethi yethu yinqanawa ehamba phakathi kolwandle lweenkwenkwezi ezibhadula kulwandle olushinyeneyo nobumnyama obuneendawo eziqaqambileyo nezimenyezelayo, kodwa phantsi koqwalaselo oluthile, ezinye iintanda-bulumko zaqonda ukuba kwakukho. into ekhethekileyo esibhakabhakeni, oko kukuthi, yayiziinkwenkwezi ezifanayo ngexesha elithile, iithiyori ezininzi malunga nendalo yethu zaveliswa, kodwa ngaba ubusazi?indlela eyakhiwe ngayo iminyele?
Indalo yethu ikhula rhoqo ukusuka kwimvelaphi yayo Isandi esikhulu. Amawaka eenkwenkwezi kunye neenkqubo zelanga zenziwe ngumgaqo ofanayo kunye nenkqubo yethu yelanga, abambalwa bafa kwaye abanye bazidla emigodini emikhulu emnyama.
Nangona iNdalo Iphela njengoko sisazi ineebhiliyoni zeminyele, kusenokwenzeka ukuba eli nani ngokwenene libujongelwa phantsi ubukhulu bayo yaye kukho eminye iminyele emininzi kunokuba ndiye ndakwazi ukukubona ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ekubeni kunzima kakhulu ukubona owona mnyele umncinci nowona mncinane, kodwa nangakumbi ukuwuchaza ubungakanani bayo.
Iminyele inokuba ngqukuva okanye ithe tyaba
Iminyele yinkqubo enkulu yeenkwenkwezi, amafu egesi, iiplanethi, uthuli kunye nezinto ezimnyama, i-90% yento eyenza lo mnyele, ujikeleza umbindi wawo ngokubulela kumandla omxhuzulane awuprintayo kwezo zinto ziwenza umile. Igama elithi "galaxy" livela kwi ukukhulelwa kwesiGrike, nto leyo eyathi ukuzalwa komnyele kwabangelwa ngamathontsi obisi achitheke kwindalo iphela uthixokazi uHera ngelixa esondla unyana wakhe uHercules.
Ngokutsho kwezifundo ezipapashwe kwi-2016, kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho ubuncinane i-2 yezigidigidi zeminyele, izigidi ezibini kwindalo iphela ebonakalayo, oko kukuthi, ngokuphindwe kalishumi kunoko kwakukholelwa ngaphambili. Ngoko ke, siyabuphawula ubukhulu bezi zidalwa zinkulu zezulu nokuba zinokuba nobukhulu obuhlukahlukeneyo neemilo.
Ukuba unomdla kulo mbandela, funda oku kulandelayo: 12 OMNTU OMNTU OMNTU OMNTU LWENYANGA UJONGE!
Ziziphi izinto ezibumba iminyele?
Iminyele yenziwe yimizimba emininzi.
Iinkwenkwezi
Ziyingqukuva ekhanyayo ukubamba iplasma imilo yayo ibulela amandla ayo omxhuzulane. Eyona nkwenkwezi ikufutshane eMhlabeni liLanga.
Iinkwenkwezi abenza iminyele idla ngokudityaniswa yangamaqela amabini amakhulu, adla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngabemi.
Iqela lafowuna abantu I yenziwe ngeenkwenkwezi zelanga, zintsha, ezisasazwa kwii-orbits ezijikelezayo kwi-galactic disk, ngaphakathi kweengalo zayo.
Iinkwenkwezi abemi II Zininzi kwi-hydrogen kunye ne-helium, kunye nokunqongophala kwezinto ezinzima, badala, kwaye zineendlela ezijikelezayo ezingalali ngaphakathi kwindiza yegalaksi.
Iiplanethi
Iplanethi, ngokwengcaciso eyamkelwa yi-International Astronomical Union, isibhakabhaka esijikeleza inkwenkwezi okanye intsalela yayo, ubunzima ngokwaneleyo ukuze umxhuzulane wayo woyise amandla omzimba aqinileyo, ukuze ithathe imilo kwi-hydrostatic equilibrium, okanye masithi, ingqukuva. Le mizimba inolawulo lwe-orbital kwaye ayikhuphi ukukhanya kwayo.
Umhlaba ungumzekelo wesijikelezi-langa esiphantse ukuba sigqibelele, ekubeni uye wakwazi ukwenza izinto eziphilayo, yaye sisondela ekuboneni umda wendalo iphela.
uthuli lwecosmic
Olu luthuli lwesithuba, ludityaniswe ngamasuntswana amancinane kuno-100 µm. Umda we-100 we-micrometer unikezelwa njengesiphumo seenkcazo ezicetywayo ze-meteoroid
Umcimbi omnyama
Olu luhlobo lomcimbi ohambelana ne-27% yomcimbi-amandla endalo yonke, kwaye ayisiwo amandla amnyama, i-baryonic matter (into eqhelekileyo) okanye i-neutrinos. Igama layo libhekisa kwinto yokuba ayikhuphi naluphi na uhlobo lwemitha ye-electromagnetic.
Yonke imizimba eyinxalenye yomnyele iyashukuma ngenxa yomtsalane ophakathi kwayo ngenxa yempembelelo yomxhuzulane, leyo uNewton wayichaza njengomxhuzulane wendalo iphela. Ngokubanzi, kukho intshukumo ebanzi kakhulu eyenza yonke into ijikeleze embindini.
Fumana ulwazi olungalunganga malunga nayo ku: I-12 ye-CURIOSITIES YEJUPITER EYA KUKWENZA UTHANDE I-UNIVERSE KUNYE NEZINYE IZINTO OMANGALISAYO.
Indalo iphela yenziwe yimizimba eyahlukeneyo, ezalwayo, eguqukayo nefayo.
Imizimba eyenza iminyele idityaniswa ngamandla omxhuzulane
Iminyele inemvelaphi kunye nendaleko, iminyele yokuqala yaqala ukwenza malunga nebhiliyoni yeminyaka emva kweBig Bang, kunye neenkwenkwezi ezizenzayo, ezi nazo zinokuzalwa, indaleko kunye nokufa, ngenxa yomgama wazo omkhulu. ukusuka emhlabeni, kunokuthabatha amakhulu eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba siqonde ukuba azisekho.
Ezi nkqubo zikhulu zeenkwenkwezi zinemilo emine eyahlukeneyo okanye imilo: i-elliptical, spiral, lenticular, kunye ne-irregular. Umbono othe chatha oneenkcukacha ngakumbi uchazwa ngokubulela kulandelelwano lokujongwa ngesathelayithi yeHubble. Esi sikimu, esixhomekeke kuphela kwimbonakalo ebonakalayo, ayithatheli ingqalelo ezinye iinkalo, ezifana nezinga lokubunjwa kweenkwenkwezi okanye umsebenzi we-nucleus ye-galactic, ngoko sinokuthi olu luhlu luya kuba lubanzi kunolu hlobo olunzulu oluchazwe. .
Inzame yokuqala yokuchaza ubume beMilky Way yenziwa ngu UWilliam Herschel ngo-1785, ebala ngocoselelo inani leenkwenkwezi kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yesibhakabhaka. Umnyele wethu, iMilky Way, ukwiQela leNgingqi leminyele emalunga namashumi amane anesithandathu elawulwa yiMilky Way kunye neAndromeda Galaxy.
Le nkqubo yenkwenkwezi ilele kumda we super conglomerate equka phantse amawaka ama-5 eminyele. Eli qela likhulu, lilolunye umanyano oloyikekayo lweminyele eqokelelwe kwimizimba ehlangeneyo negudileyo.
Nangona iinkwenkwezi kunye neminyele zibambene ngamandla omxhuzulane, ziyahluka kwizinto ezininzi zomgangatho nobungakanani. Umzekelo olula woku kukuba ngelixa uninzi Iinkwenkwezi zingqukuva, njengoko siyibona esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, kukho iindidi ngeendidi zeminyele: ukusuka kwingqukuva ukusa kumcaba ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuqulunqwa kunye nokuvela kweminyele yenye yezona ndawo zinomdla kakhulu zophando kwaye zikhokelele kumazinga aphezulu otyalo-mali ngabakwa-astrophysicists. Ngokuqinisekileyo i-galactic hypothesis sele zamkelwe ngokubanzi. Ukulinganisa ngekhompyutha kunye nekhompyuter kuye kwaxela kwangaphambili ubume bangoku kunye nokuhanjiswa okubonwa kwiminyele eyaziwayo, singasathethi ke ngobunzulu obukhulu.