Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abakwaziyo ukubhala ileta, enoba isemthethweni okanye ayicwangciswanga. Oku kuchatshazelwe kuphuhliso lobuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nokuvela kolwimi kunye nabo.
Ke ngoko, kweli nqaku siza kukunika ezinye amanyathelo alula indlela yokubhala ileta, ngokusesikweni okanye ngokungekho sikweni.
Ibhalwa njani ileta?
Nangona kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka eyadlulayo kwakuqhelekile ukubhala ileta, ngoku kusafuneka siyibhale kakuhle ileta umsebenzi, ukufunda okanye izizathu zobuqu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokwahlula xa sifanele sisebenzise ulwimi olusesikweni nolunzulu kunolo siqhele ukulusebenzisa xa sinxibelelana nabantu esibaziyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka sikwenze oku ngenxa yezizathu zoshishino kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yezizathu zobuqu.
Ke Siza kukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha indlela yokubhala ileta, kunye nemizekelo.
Phendula nge quote
Lo mahluko ngowona ucacileyo kwaye kungenxa yosetyenziso olwahlukileyo lwembeko kwii-imeyile ezisemthethweni, ezinje:
Umbuliso osesikweni:
- Mhlekazi othandekayo + (Ifani):
Ungasebenzisa le fomu nangaliphi na ixesha, kuba kunjalo lixesha. Ukongeza kwigama lokuqala, ungasebenzisa kwakhona igama lokugqibela lomamkeli, ukuba ukhetha olu khetho, kufuneka ubeke uMnu/Nksk. phambi kwayo, umzekelo: Mnu Torres othandekayo. - Uqikelelo + (Isikhundla okanye ubuNgcali). Itayitile yomntu ngumsebenzi wakhe okanye iwonga ayisebenzelayo, umzekelo: Gqirha wezilwanyana oBekekileyo.
- Xa andazi ukuba ndingabhenela kubani, ukuba yindoda okanye ibhinqa, unokusebenzisa umbuliso oqhelekileyo "Banumzana abahle", ingasoloko ikunceda xa uthandabuza, okanye isohlwayo sokusebenzisa ukugqiba okungathathi hlangothi kwimbumba, umzekelo: Mfundisi othandekayo.
- Obekekileyo + Mhlekazi (Mnu.), Nkosikazi (Nksk.)
- Ohloniphekileyo + Mnu (Mnu.) + igama lokugqibela, uNksk. (Nksk.) + ifani + isikhundla okanye umsebenzi. Umzekelo, uGqirha wezilwanyana oHloniphekileyo uMnu Linares
Imibuliso engacwangciswanga:
- Molo + (igama)!
- Molo (de kube ngu-00:00h) + (igama lommkeli wakho), umzekelo: Molo, Elena.
- Mva (ukusuka ngo-13:00 p.m.) + (igama lommkeli wakho), umzekelo: Molo, Carlos.
- ibuenas noches (ukusuka ngo-20:00 p.m.) + (igama lommkeli wakho), umzekelo: Molo ngokuhlwa, Ana
- Othandekayo + (igama), umzekelo: UAntonio othandekayo
- Heyi + (igama)!, umzekelo: Hey Laura!
Isivumelwano
Iileta ezisemthethweni kunye nee-imeyile kufuneka zibhalwe kumntu wesithathu, njengedilesi yembeko, oko kukuthi, ukuthetha nomnye umntu njengo ust. Nangona xa sibhala izicatshulwa ezingekho sesikweni, sinokusebenzisa u-tú. Oku kungenxa yokuba asabelani ngalo naluphi na ulwalamano lweemvakalelo nomntu esimbhalela umyalezo wethu osesikweni, ngoko ke kufuneka sibe nembeko kwaye sikubone njengawe. Ngokungafaniyo nomntu owafumana ileta yethu engacwangciswanga, sinolwalamano olusondeleyo naye.
- Esesikweni: Ukusebenzisa wena. Umzekelo: Ndikubhalela, Nkosikazi Torres, ndikwazisa ngengxaki eyenzeke eklasini namhlanje.
- Ngokungekho sesikweni: Ukusebenzisa wena Umzekelo: Antonio ndifuna ukukuxelela ukuba namhlanje bekukho ingxaki.
Intshayelelo yesihloko
Ii-imeyile ezisesikweni (ezifana neeleta) zinentshayelelo emfutshane kwisihloko okanye kwisihloko kunee-imeyile ezingacwangciswanga. Esona sizathu sikukuba kwiposi esesikweni sikholisa ukwazisa a intshumayelo encinane ukuze abo basifumanayo basazi ukuba singoobani nokuba kutheni sibabhalela. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-imeyile engacwangciswanga inomlingiswa wencoko, ngoko ayinayo isakhiwo esivaliweyo, kodwa ivulekile njengencoko yangempela.
- Esesikweni: Intshayelelo emfutshane kunye nesakhiwo esiphawulweyo. Umzekelo:
Igama lam ndingu _______, kwaye ndikubhalela kuba ndingathanda uncedo lwakho malunga neengcebiso zesicwangciso sezempilo. […]
Igama lam ndingu- _____ kwaye ndikubhalela ukuze ufumane ulwazi malunga nezicwangciso zempilo abazinikelayo. […]
- Ngokungekho sesikweni: Intshayelelo kunye nesakhiwo esivulekileyo. Umzekelo:
Unjani wena Sylvia? Ndiyathemba ukuba uphilile, bendifuna ukukubuza ngalento wawundixelele yona ngalamini, andazi noba usakhumbula na. Zinjani izicwangciso zempilo? […]
Umzimba womyalezo obhaliweyo
Kule nxalenye yeleta, kufuneka sikhumbule imbeko esiyisebenzisayo. Ezi imeyile zisivumela ukuba sibhale ngaphezu kweeleta zemveli. Nangona, kunjalo, ukuba sibhala ileta, isigidimi sethu asimele sigqithe kakhulu. Kunoko, iposi kunye neeleta ezingacwangciswanga zisinika inkululeko epheleleyo yokubhala into esiyifunayo.
- Esesikweni: Asinakugqitha inani lemihlathi.
- Ngokungekho sesikweni: Sinenkululeko epheleleyo kwinani lemihlathi.
Asipheleli nje ekunyamekeleni iziqendu, kukwafuneka sikhumbule ukuba unyango esilusebenzisayo xa sibhala ngeposi okanye ileta. Ngokubanzi, ngeSpanish, isitayela esisemthethweni sisetyenziselwa: ukucela ulwazi, ukwenza ibango, ukufaka isikhalazo, phakathi kwabanye. Enye yezona mpazamo zixhaphakileyo ezenziwa zizo zonke izithethi xa zibhala olu hlobo loonobumba kukusebenzisa ulwakhiwo olungekho sikweni. Nantsi eminye imizekelo, indlela engalunganga kunye nendlela elungileyo:
- Nceda undinike ulwazi: Ngaba ungandinika ulwazi, nceda/enkosi / Ndingathanda ukuba undinike ulwazi, nceda/enkosi.
- Kufuneka uyilungise nceda: Nceda, kufuneka uyilungise / Nceda, ngokwekhontrakthi, kufuneka uyilungise.
- Nditsalele umnxeba/ndibhalele ngokukhawuleza: Nceda uqhagamshelane nam ngokukhawuleza.
Lumkela lento, nokuba uyacela, oko akuthethi ukuba sele uyenza ngendlela enembeko nesesikweni.
indlela yokuvalelisa
Nje ukuba uyibhalile ileta okanye iposi yakho, kufuneka uyigqibe nge ugxothiwe. NgeSpanish, sineendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- Isishwankathelo, emva kwayo yonke le nto ingentla, ndiyathemba ukuba (...)
- Ukuqukumbela, ngayo yonke into ethethiweyo, ndicela uncede (...)
- Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ndiyathemba ukuba unako (…)
- Kuzo zonke izizathu ezikhankanyiweyo, kuya kuba lula (...)
Y kweyona miyalezo ingekho sikweni, ungasebenzisa oku kulandelayo:
- Ngamafutshane, emva kokuba ndikuxelele yonke le nto, ndingathanda ukuba (...)
- Ekugqibeleni, emva kwayo yonke into ethethiweyo, ndikucela ukuba uncede (...)
- Malunga nayo yonke into ebendikuxelele yona ngaphambili, ndiyathemba ukuba unakho (...)
- Kuyo yonke into endiyithethileyo, ndicinga ukuba eyona nto ingcono iya kuba (...)
Ekugqibeleni, ii-imeyile ezisesikweni kunye neeleta zifuna ndlela-ntle enobubele kunye nendlela ehambelana nembeko. Akunjalo nakwiimeko ezingacwangciswanga kuba wonke umntu uthi ndlela-ntle ngokwahlukileyo, kuxhomekeke kubudlelwane bakhe nommkeli. Ezi zezona fom zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiSpanish:
- Ndiyabulela kwangaphambili.
- Ububele, uLaura Mateos.
- Ndilinde impendulo yakho.
- Imibuliso, Alonso Garcia.
- Fumana umbuliso onobubele, uMarta Pino.
Kunoko, kwii-imeyile kunye neeleta ezingekho sikweni sinenkululeko engakumbi, konke kuxhomekeke ekubeni sisondele kangakanani kumamkeli. Kuya kuxhomekeka kumntu ngamnye, umzekelo:
- Enkosi kakhulu, Maria.
- Ukumanga/ukwanga.
- Kwaye undixelele. Ukuwola/kwanga, uAbheli.
- Molo, Maria.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lube luncedo kuwe, kwaye ungayisebenzisa ngexesha elithile ukuze ufunde indlela yokubhala ileta.