Ihlabathi liyisethi yezinto ezisebenzisanayo, ukudala ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo oluvumela ukuphuhliswa kobomi kwiplanethi yonke. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, umntu uye waphuhlisa imilinganiselo yokusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo, evumela uphuhliso olwaneleyo loluntu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kodwa luphinde luphembelele ukutshatyalaliswa kwemekobume yendalo. Kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kufunda malunga nendlela ungcoliseko oluchaphazela ngayo iPlanethi kwaye zeziphi izisombululo ezinokuthi zibekho kulo.
Ungcoliseko Lwendalo Lusichaphazela Njani Isijikelezi-langa?
Iplanethi yoMhlaba iye yavezwa kutshintsho olwahlukeneyo ukususela ekuqaleni kwexesha, ukuyiguqula nokuyilungisa de yayisa kumanqanaba amatsha endaleko; kodwa ukususela ekungeneni komntu ekufumaneni ubutyebi bakhe kunye nokwenza imisebenzi yoshishino, iye yaguqula imo engqongileyo yendalo ebangela ukuguqulwa kwayo kunye nokungcolisa zonke iindawo. Konke oku kujongwa xa kusenziwa izenzo okanye kusetyenziswa izinto eziguqula ukucoceka kwendalo kunye nemeko yayo yendalo.
Ungcoliseko lwaziwa njengento yonke emele ukuqokelelana kwezinto eziyingozi kwimo engqongileyo, echaphazela kakubi indalo esingqongileyo. Kwakhona yenye yezona zinto zibangela ukuwohloka kwempilo yezinto eziphilayo, ngoko ke ichaphazela iimeko zokuphila kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ezi arhente zongcoliseko zinokuba yimichiza (izinto zamayeza okanye izinto eziphuma kwipetroleum), ngokwasemzimbeni (inkunkuma, inkunkuma) kunye nebhayoloji (iintsalela zamayeza).
Okwangoku, zininzi iziphumo ezibalelwa kungcoliseko, njengokuchaphazeleka kwamanzi, ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma enkulu, ukulahleka kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo yendalo kunye nonobangela wenani elikhulu lezifo eziyingozi kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. . . Le yokugqibela yenye yeenkxalabo eziphambili zokugcinwa kobomi boluntu.
Ukusweleka okuveliswa kwihlabathi liphela ngongcoliseko ukusuka kubantu abamalunga nezigidi ezisi-9 ngonyaka, apho malunga nama-20% achaphazeleka eTshayina, elona lizwe liphambili elibhalisa izifo ezinxulumene nongcoliseko. Ngokutsho kwezifundo, olona ngcoliseko lunempembelelo kumoya, lubandakanya ezo gesi ziyingozi eziqokelelana emoyeni, ezichaphazela inani elikhulu lobomi, malunga nezigidi ezi-6,5 kwihlabathi liphela. Kule meko, ilizwe ligqamile ngokubonisa elona zinga liphezulu lokuqokelelwa kweegesi zegreenhouse kwizixeko zalo ezikhulu.
Ukuqwalasela konke oku, ungcoliseko lunempembelelo enamandla kwindalo esingqongileyo, luyonakalisa inkqubo yendalo kunye nokonakalisa indalo, kodwa lukwaphembelela izidalwa eziphilayo ezibangela izifo ezinokukhokelela ekufeni, izifo ezininzi ngakumbi zibalaseliswa eluntwini.
Oonobangela boNgcoliseko lwePlanethi
Ungcoliso yinkcazelo ephathwa ehlabathini lonke, exutyushwa emakhayeni, ezikolweni, eziofisini, kwiingxoxo zobupolitika, phakathi kwezinye iimeko ezininzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba yinto exhalabisayo, kuba ibeka indalo esingqongileyo kunye nezizukulwana ezizayo emngciphekweni, kuba inoxanduva lokuhlawulisa izibonelelo ezininzi kunye nobomi bomntu, ukuba iplanethi ihlala izinzile kwiminyaka ezayo, ukwenzakala okukhulu kucingelwa. ngenxa yokuwohloka okukhulu okubangelwa yiyo.
Ngaphandle kolwazi eluntwini malunga nempembelelo enayo kwimo engqongileyo yendalo, amanyathelo aqatha awakhange athathwe ukunqanda isiphumo songcoliseko kokusingqongileyo. Imisebenzi yoshishino eyenziwa ziinkampani kunye namashishini iyona nto ibangela ukuguqulwa kokusingqongileyo, kodwa kunye nezenzo ezincinci kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, njengokusetyenziswa kokutya okucociweyo, ukuqokelela inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-inorganic, umthamo ogqithiseleyo, phakathi kwabanye.
Oonobangela abaphambili
Ungcoliseko lukhona kuzo zonke iimeko ezisingqongileyo zehlabathi, lugubungela izikali ezinkulu ezinjengokuphela kwezityalo nezilwanyana, ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo yezinto eziphilayo nendawo eziphila kuyo okanye nakwimilinganiselo emincinane efana neetoti zenkunkuma, ingxolo egqithisileyo. Emva koko, iimpembelelo kwimpembelelo yomhlaba ziya kugxininiswa, kuthathwe ezi mpawu zilandelayo:
Izitshabalalisi kunye neeMichiza
Kwezolimo, iimveliso zeekhemikhali zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuphelisa okanye ukuphepha izinambuzane ezenza izityalo zigule kwaye zibangele ukufa kwazo, olu hlobo lwemveliso lubizwa ngokuba yi-pesticide; Ezi ntlobo zezinto zibalasele ekukhupheni izixa ezikhulu zeegesi zegreenhouse ezincamathela kumoya osingqongileyo kwaye ziwohloke ucweyo lweozone, ekugqibeleni luphembelele utshintsho lwemozulu yehlabathi.
Ukongeza, ukugqithisa kolu hlobo lwento kunokuba yingozi kwizityalo kunye nemithombo yamanzi ekufutshane. Okwangoku, kuye kwagqitywa ukuba kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwe-pesticides kunye ne-insecticide, kuba zizinto zekhemikhali ezinokuthi zihlale emanzini nasemhlabeni iminyaka emininzi, ngaphezu kokuba zinetyhefu kakhulu kwimpilo yabantu.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wonke, kodwa imihlaba enemithi ibalasele ngenxa yobukho bezityalo ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi imithi, zizidalwa ezivumela ukucocwa komoya kunye nokubonelela ngeoksijini kwiplanethi yonke. Ngaphandle koku, kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje kuye kwaphawulwa iindlela eziye zakhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwamahlathi amaninzi ehlabathini lonke, njengokugawulwa kwemithi ngokugqithisileyo, ukwakhiwa kwemimandla yasezidolophini, ukutsalwa ngokugqithisileyo kwezinto ezikrwada (iinkuni).
Kucingelwa ukuba ukwandiswa kwamahlathi alingana nePortugal okanye iPanama kuyanyamalala minyaka le, kudityaniswa nokuqokelelana okukhulu kweegesi emoyeni, kuphawuleka ngakumbi kwaye kuqondwe ngokusingqongileyo, kuzisa izifo ezinzulu kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunxulumene nokusetyenziswa kokutya, okudityaniswa nokwandiswa kwe-monoculture kunye nemfuyo.
Inkunkuma yemizi-mveliso nezaseKhaya
Imizi-mveliso iphawulwa ngokuqhuba iinkqubo eziluncedo zokuvelisa iimveliso ezisetyenziswa luluntu, ezifana nezithambiso, iziselo, ukutya, phakathi kwezinye, uninzi lwazo ezisetyenziswa kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu okufanayo kubangela ukuba iinkqubo zoshishino zisebenze kwi-chain effect, ukufumana izinto eziluhlaza ngendlela egqithisileyo kwaye ngaphandle kokukhusela indalo, inkunkuma eyenziwa emva kwezi nkqubo yenye yezona zinto zibangela ukungcola namhlanje.
Ifosili yeefuweli
Umthombo oyintloko wamandla kubuntu uvela ekuxhatshazweni kwee-hydrocarbons kwiidiphozithi ze-oyile ekrwada ehlukeneyo, le mveliso ekrwada icutshungulwa ukufunyanwa kwezinto eziphuma kuzo ezahlukeneyo ezivumela ukufumana iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso. Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwamalahle, ioli kunye negesi yendalo, kubonisa enye yezalathisi eziphambili zokungcola, ezichaphazela umoya, umhlaba kunye namanzi.
Amafutha efosili amele isilumkiso esikhulu solondolozo lwendalo esingqongileyo, ingakumbi ukugcina uphuhliso oluzinzileyo nokhathalelo lomhlaba, ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuye kwamiselwa amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ulondolozo lomhlaba ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo; amandla ohlaza asakhulayo ahambelana nalawo asebenzisa izixhobo ezivuselelekayo njengomthombo oyintloko, njengomoya, ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nemisinga yamanzi.
Amazinga aphezulu okuveliswa kwenkunkuma
Uluntu luye lwaphawulwa ngokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kweempahla, ingakumbi ezo zilungiswa ngeepakethe ezininzi, ezinjengeetoti, ii-wrappers, ukutya okuqhotsiweyo, phakathi kwezinye; ukuvelisa inkunkuma eninzi. Ngoku kukho imfumba enkulu yenkunkuma eyenza umonakalo kwi-ikhosistim kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Izisombululo ezichasene noNgcoliseko
Ungcoliseko lwaziwa njengesiphumo esibi esiqondwa ngumntu wonke kodwa bambalwa abathabatha amanyathelo nxamnye nalo. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, amanyathelo ezopolitiko kunye neziko athathwe ukunciphisa impembelelo yongcoliseko emhlabeni, ngaphezu kokunyusa ulwazi oluvela kumakhaya, ukwenza ukugcinwa kwendalo kube ngumgaqo-siseko, ngaloo ndlela ukusebenzisana ngokuchasene nale nto imbi kakhulu. Amanye amanyathelo athathiweyo ngala alandelayo ukuqaqambisa:
Hlaziya iNkunkuma
Ukurisayikilisha kubandakanya isenzo sokuguqula izinto ezilahliweyo ukuze zisetyenziswe njengezinye iindidi zeemveliso okanye njengemathiriyeli ekrwada enokuphinda isetyenziselwe ezinye iinjongo. Enye yeenzuzo zayo eziphambili, okokuqala, kukukwazi ukuphinda usebenzise izixhobo esele zigqibile umjikelo wazo wokuqala, kwaye okwesibini, ivumela yonke inkunkuma ukuba ihlelwe kwezo zilungele ezinye iinjongo. Luhlobo loqheliselo olunokusetyenziswa ekhaya, ukufundiswa koyena mncinane wekhaya.
Ukusetyenziswa kweziThuthi zikaWonke-wonke kunye nezinye iindlela ezizezinye
Uthutho olusekelwe ekutshisweni kwamafutha efosili ludla ngokukhupha izixa ezikhulu zerhasi eziyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo Ukunciphisa le mpembelelo, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe iibhayisekile, iimoto zombane kunye neendlela ezingaphantsi; Ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisana nokuzinza kweplanethi, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ze-greenhouse.
Ukusetyenziswa koxanduva
Iimveliso ezisetyenzisiweyo akufanele zisetyenziswe kakhulu kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, kule meko ukusetyenziswa okunoxanduva kukhuthazwa kwiimfuno zangempela. Ngale ndlela, imfuno yeentlobo ezithile zeemveliso ezingcolisekileyo ziyancipha kwaye kunye noku kuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo, ukusebenzisana nokunciphisa i-greenhouse gases.
Ukwakhiwa kweeGadi eKhaya
Izitiya zasekhaya zivumela ukufumana imithombo yokutya okunempilo kunye nokuzisebenzisela ngokwakho, kuvumela ukuqonda ngobutyebi bomhlaba. Ngale nto, iindlela zokutyala ezahlukeneyo ziyaziwa, njengokufunda ngezityalo zasentwasahlobo okanye ezo zinevumba elimnandi, ngokuqhelekileyo zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kolu hlobo lwegadi yeziqhamo.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo, sikushiyela abanye abaya kuba nomdla kuwe:
Iingxaki zokusingqongileyo eMelika
Imisebenzi yokuzonwabisa ukukhathalela indalo