IRibbed Mealybug (Icerya ukuthenga) sisinambuzane esifunxayo esitshabalalisa izityalo ezisindleke kwaye sinokukhawuleza ukuba sisitshabalalisi. Ulawulo lwayo luyingxaki kancinane, kufuneka ube nomonde wokulandela nokufezekisa ulawulo lwayo. Kule post uya kuyazi ukuba yintoni i-Ribbed Cochineal, ulawulo lwayo, iimveliso zoshishino kunye neemveliso zasekhaya zokupheliswa kwayo. Qhubeka ufunda eli nqaku.
IRibbed Cochineal
Esi sinambuzane, iRibbed Cochineal, sisifunxi-gazi sesityalo esifunxa izondlo kumnini waso. Sinambuzane esihlala kwindalo yonke, oko kukuthi, sihlasela imithi yesitrasi, kunye nezinye iintlobo zezityalo zeziqhamo, izihombiso, imithi yesundu, izikhweli kunye nezityalo ezinevumba elimnandi. Inxulunyaniswa neendawo ezinokufuma okuncinci kokusingqongileyo.
IRibbed Mealybugs isasazeka ngokukhawuleza, njengoko iimazi zibeka malunga nama-400 amaqanda kwi-clutch nganye. Iimazi zeCochineals zilingana neemilimitha ezi-6 kwaye iinkunzi zincinci kwaye zinamaphiko. Ezi zinambuzane zihlala zibekwe ngaphantsi kwamagqabi, indawo yesityalo ene-porosity enkulu, ukudlula kwinqanaba layo labantu abadala livelisa ebusuku kwaye njengoko iimazi zinokubeka amaqanda angama-400, zizala ukusuka ebusuku ukuya kusasa. ngomso ngokuqhubekayo, ngaphandle kokuba umlimi aqonde oko.
Igama lakhe Ribbed Cochineal (Icerya ukuthenga), ngenxa ye-morphology yayo, sisinambuzane esifunxayo esinomzimba obomvu ukuya kumdaka, kunye nobude be-0,5 centimeters xa befikelela kwinqanaba labo labantu abadala. Ngasemva kweCochineal ineengubo ezifana neqokobhe le-waxy elimhlophe, elinemiqolomba. Iimazi zidlula kwiinguqu ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwi-nymph ukuya kumntu omdala kwaye amadoda adlula kwi-cocoon ukuya kumntu omdala.
Ukusasazwa kunye neMetamorphosis
Esi sinambuzane sine-metamorphosis engaphelelanga, sihamba ngeemolts ezintathu kumjikelezo wobomi baso kwaye njengomntu omdala, sitshintshela kwi-cochineal egugile kakhulu. Xa idlula kwisigaba sayo se-nymph, ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba izelwe, ilala ngaphantsi kwamagqabi ezityalo ezosulelekileyo. Xa ifikelela kwisigaba sayo sabantu abadala iyatshintsha ukusuka kumbala o-orenji ukuya kumbala omdaka kunye nemibala e-orenji.
Kwinqanaba laso labadala, ziyatshintsha ekubeni zihlale ngaphantsi kwamagqabi esityalo zihambe ziye emasebeni nakwisiqu samatyholo nemithi yesityalo esosulelekileyo.Zakuba zihlanganiselwe kula malungu emithi namatyholo, inkqubo yaso yokuzala iqalisa. Ukuveliswa kwakhona kweRibbed Cochineal kuqhutyelwa kwindlela yokuzala ebizwa ngokuba yi "parthenogenesis", indlela apho amadoda angangeneleli.
Kwiikholoni zeRibbed Cochineal, uninzi lwabantu beentlobo ngabasetyhini, kunye nemizekelo embalwa yamadoda. Indlela yokuzala kwezi zinambuzane yimpendulo kwinani eliphantsi lamadoda. Ngethuba lesigaba sokuzala, i-ovum engavuthwanga iyahlukana, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ukushisa, imichiza kunye nabanye. Okukhokelela kwiiseli zokuzala zabasetyhini be-Ribbed Cochineal, banokuqala umntu ophilayo ngaphandle kokuba kuchunyiswe.
Ukulawula nzima kwesi sinambuzane
Ilaphu layo elimhlophe le-waxy enalo uninzi lweCochineal, lisebenza njengekhaka elikhuselayo kwizinto zangaphandle ezinokuzichaphazela, njengezibulali-zinambuzane. Ukuze ulawule le Ribbed Cochineal, umjikelezo wobomi bayo kufuneka waziwe, ekubeni umzuzu wokulawula ukwisigaba se-nymph, njengoko kulula ukuphelisa. Kufuneka uqale ngokujonga amagqabi kwaye ubone ukuba ancangathi na ngenxa ye-molasses kunye nobukho beembovane, kuba zenza iqela.
Ngexesha lomjikelo wabo wobomi, ukususela ekuzalweni kwabo, i-nymphs ihlala ngaphantsi kwamagqabi, kuba yeyona ndawo inamanzi amaninzi kwizityalo kwaye kulula ukuba ezi zinambuzane zifunxe izondlo ezivela kwincindi, emva koko ingena emanzini. isigaba esivela kwi-nymph umzuzu omele uqalise ukulawulwa, ekubeni kamva xa sele bekhulile bafudukela kwiziqu kunye namasebe ukuze bahlale kwaye baqale ukuzala kwabo kwaye kwesi sigaba ukulawula kwabo kunzima.
Iimolasi zeRibbed Mealybugs yincindi yeswekile ezithi zitsale ngayo iimbovane ukuba zitye kuyo. Kwelinye icala, iimbovane zizikhusela kumarhamncwa azo ukuze iCochineal iqhubeke isanda kwaye ivelisa imolasses, umthombo wayo wokutya. Ngesi sizathu, xa ubona iimbovane ezininzi kwizityalo zakho, kunokwenzeka ukuba uneMealybugs, iintwala, iimpukane ezimhlophe okanye esinye isitshabalalisi.
Ichaphazela njani izityalo
Ngenxa yokuba inambuzane efunxayo ivelisa ngokukhawuleza, amawaka e-Ribbed Mealybugs achaphazela umthi ngamnye kunye nehlathi liqala ukwenza buthathaka izityalo ngokufunxa izondlo zazo, ngaphezu kokuchaphazela ubuhle bezityalo, kuba kuphazamisa ukuphuhliswa kwazo, kwaye babona ukungahambi kakuhle kwaye ngeliso lenyama babona amagqabi kunye neziqu ezizele ngamathanga ezi zinambuzane zifunxayo. Ukubandakanya, ngendlela efanayo eyenza iziqhamo ezincinci kunobungakanani obuqhelekileyo bezityalo ezihlaselweyo.
Imibala
Enye indlela le Ribbed Mealybug echaphazela ngayo izityalo kukukhutshelwa kolwelo oluneswekile, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isityalo sibonakale siqaqambile kwaye sincangathi xa sibamba. Ngenxa yencasa eswiti, itsala iimbovane ukuba itye kwaye uqala ukubona iimbovane zinyuka zisihla eziqwini nakumasebe emithi. Ukongezelela ekutsaleni iimbovane, i<em>fungus ethi “la negrilla” nayo ibonakala, ehlasela amagqabi ezityalo ize iqalise ukubona amachaphaza amnyama emagqabini kwaye njengoko iqhubeka igquma amagqabi, ichaphazela iphotosynthesis yesityalo.
Izityalo ziguliswa yiMealybugs
Izityalo zigula ngokungangqalanga kwi-Ribbed Mealybugs, kuba ngokukhupha i-molasses yazo, into encangathi kunye neswiti, itsala ezinye izinambuzane ezinjengeembovane kunye nokungunda okufana ne-sooty mold okanye i-sooty mold, ehlala kwaye ikhulise abantu bayo. ukutya kule molasses. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, xa uqhuba ulawulo lwe-phytosanitary lwe-Cochineals, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ikhemikhali okanye i-fungicide yendalo esekelwe kubhedu, ngenjongo yokuthintela i-fungus "emnyama" ekubeni ithathe indawo yokuhlala.
Zingaphi iintlobo zeMealybugs ezaziwayo?
Okwangoku, malunga nama-6.000 eentlobo zezi zinambuzane ezaziwa ngokuba zii-suckers ezitshabalalisa izityalo. Zonke ezi zinambuzane zitya izondlo zezityalo ezizikhupha kwincindi yencindi. Zonke zikhupha i-exudate edla ngokuba neswekile kwaye yenze i-molasses, i-wax, isilika, okanye enye indlela yokukhupha.
Xa ifikelela kwisigaba sayo sabantu abadala, iimazi zihlala zinamathele kwisiqu kunye namasebe emithi kunye namatyholo kwaye ziqhubeke nokufunxa iiprotheni ezisuka kwisityalo esosulelekileyo. Iinkunzi zona, njengoko zinamaphiko, ziqalisa ukubhabha de zife kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa. Imazi yemealybugs iyafa emva kokuqhama. Ezona zinambuzane zininzi zemealybugs zezi:
- ICottony mealybug (Iplanococcus citri)
- I-mealybug enamakhonkco (Icerya ukuthenga)
- Intwala ebomvuChrysomphalus dictyospermi)
- I-California Red Lice (UAonidiella aurantii)
- ikapa elimnyama (I-Saissetia oleae)
I-Mealybugs ezingakhuphi imolasses
Kukho ezinye iiCochineals ezingakhiphiyo iimolasses, zidla ngokuba zincinci ngokobukhulu, umzimba wazo ugqunywe liqokobhe eliqinileyo, uthe tyaba kancinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiCochineals, zingqukuva kwaye embindini kukho ichaphaza lemibala eyahlukileyo ebizwa ngokuba yigusset. Phakathi kwezi ntlobo zeentlobo zidweliswe, ezininzi zezi zifumaneka kwizityalo zokuhombisa ezikhuliswe kwiigadi.
Intwala ebomvuChrysomphalus dictyospermi), intwala ebomvu yaseCalifornia (UAonidiella aurantii), intwala emhlophe (Aspidiotus nerii), i-oleander leaf mealybug, intwala engwevu (i-perganderi palatory), inyoka entle (Lepidosaphes gloverii), inyoka eshinyeneyo (Lepidosaphes beckii), Rose Mealybug (IAulacasspis wavuka) ihlasela iirozi, iCochineal ye botoneros (Unaspis euonymi), uhlasela uEuonimus, uConifer Mealybug (Carulapis juniperi), ukuhlasela chamacyparis sp., ICompressus sp., IJuniperus sp., thuya sp.
Intwala yaseSan Jose (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus): ihlasela imithi yeziqhamo, nayo Acer sp., UBetula sp., UAlnus glutinosa, ICarpinus petulus, Eucalyptus sp., Ifagus sylvatica, I-Populus sp., URobinia ipseudocacia, Ulmus sp., umgca omnyama okanye inyoka entle (Ischnaspis longiorstris), en UFicus sp., kwaye UDracaena sp. - I-pine mealybug (I-Leucaspis pini) ichaphazela Ipeyinti sp., ICedrus sp., kwaye vula sp, Cedar Mealybug (Nuculaspis regnieri), ngokukodwa ye ICedrus sp.
i-mealybugs
I-Shelled Mealybugs kwisigaba sazo solutsha zihamba kwiindawo ezohlukeneyo zesityalo, ngokungafaniyo naxa sele zikhulile ezihlala ziqinile kumasebe nakwiziqu zesityalo esisindleke. Ezi Cochineals zineqokobhe eliqinileyo elifana nofudo oluncinane kakhulu lweqokobhe lalo. Ezinye zeeMealybugs ezinamaqokobhe zidwelisiwe.
ICaparreta emnyama okanye iCochineal yesoot okanye iCochineal yomthi womnquma kunye neoleander kunye nezinye izihombiso (I-Saissetia oleae). Eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu yiNegrilla eveliswa zezi zinambuzane ngobuninzi bayo. holm oak mealybug (I-Asterolecanium ilicicola) yenza izikali ezincinci ezingqukuva kwi-oki.
i-hazel mealybug (Eulecanium tiliae) ityisa iMaple sp. UCarpin betulus, I-Euonymus sp., IPyracantha sp., ICrataegus sp., kunye ne-genus UQuercus. ikapa elimhlophe (ceroplastes sinensis). Ichaphazela i-Arecaceae kunye ne-laurel. IiCeroplastes rusci. Citrus mealybug (coccus hesperidium), le Cochineal ayinalo unyango kunye neekhemikhali ze-agrochemicals, nangona yenze ukulawulwa ngempumelelo kwesi sitshabalalisi ngokupheleleyo ngolawulo lwebhayoloji.
Iicochineals ezibonisa ukhuseleko lwe-cottony
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo ze-mealybugs, zonke ziyahamba kumjikelezo wobomi bazo, azihlali kwindawo ethile kwisityalo. Zigqunywe umthwebe, yaye kumntu obukeleyo ukhangeleka njengoboya yaye ubonwa njengothuli, unemicu ecolekileyo edityanisiweyo, ekhangeleka njengemilenze emihle engqamene nomzimba wayo. Ifunxa incindi yesityalo kwaye ikhupha umbethe wobusi obuninzi. Bangabizwa ngamagama:
Ikotini okanye icottony cochineal (Pseudococci sp.), ebonakala kwizityalo ezininzi ezingaphakathi ezindlwini, kwanakumakhiwane, nakwimithi yosapho lwama-Arecacea, eyenza amasundu; Itrakhycarpus sp. washingtonia sp. chamaecyparis sp. Phoenix sp. I-mealybug (I-Planococcus sp.), eyosulela imithi ye-coniferous, ivelisa izixa ezininzi ze-molasses kwaye oku kubangela ukuveliswa kobunzima obukhulu.
I-mealybugs ezinkulu
Ukukhusela amaqanda azo, iimazi zikhupha imicu ene-waxy egqume esi sinambuzane, ibonakale njengengxowa emhlophe kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ikhupha imolasses, into eswiti. ukuba kutsala iimbovane, ezizikhuselayo kwiintshaba zazo zemvelo. Umzekelo wolu hlobo lweCochineal yiRibbed Cochineal (Icerya ukuthenga). IRibbed Mealybug inokubonwa kwizityalo ezifana nezi: izityalo zomnga (acacia).Acacia sp.), umtshayelo (ICytisus sp.), iirozi kunye nezinye izityalo.
Ezinye iintlobo zeMealybugs
Kweli qela kuthiwa Aspidiotus hederae, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-piejo emhlophe ibonwa kwizityalo njengomkhosi, njengemithi ye-palm family Arecaceae, izihlahla zeentlobo neriun oleander, Acacia sp., UMyrtus ukomanisi, Hedera sp. ISiringa sp., Pseudococcus adonidum, ichaphazela i-cacti, i-ebonimus (Yuonimy sp.), kunye nezityalo zejasmine (IJarminum sp.), Ficus, njl. Lepidosaphes ulmi, ngendlala enkulu ifunxa ixolo le IBuxus sp.,icotooneaster sp., I-Populus sp., kunye neerozi.
Indlela yokuphelisa iRibbed Cochineal?
I-Entomology yinzululwazi ephonononga izinambuzane kunye ne-entomology yezolimo, uphando luyenziwa ukuze kugcinwe inani lezinambuzane liphantsi kwaye lizithintele ekubeni zitshabalalise izityalo kunye nezityalo. Olu lawulo lufuna ukunciphisa abantu kwaye lungasiphelisi ezi zinambuzane, kuba ikhonkco lokutya kwindalo litshintshile. Ngenxa yokuba ngokuyiguqula ngokugawula amahlathi namahlathi, izinambuzane nezinye izilwanyana ziye zaziphatha njengezinambuzane.
Ulawulo lwebhayoloji
Ngenxa yoku ngasentla, igama elithi "ukulawula" lisetyenziswa, kuba ezi ngcali zifuna ukuba abemi bezinambuzane ezifana neRibbed Cochineal bafikelele kwinqanaba eliphantsi ukuze abo bazalwa zilawulwa yindalo ngokwayo ngokusebenzisa iintshaba zayo zendalo, njengenxalenye yekhonkco lokutya. Okwangoku, ukulawula abantu baseRibbed Cochineal, enye yeentshaba zayo zendalo isetyenziswa, ibhungane lemvelaphi yase-Australia enegama lesayensi (Rhodolia cardinalis).
Ukongeza kolu tshaba lwendalo lweRibbed Cochineal, zikho nezinye izilwanyana ezizingelayo ezi zinambuzane, ezithi, xa zisetyenziswe ngokuhlolwa kakuhle, zivelise iziphumo ezihle kulawulo lwazo kunye nezinye iintlobo zeeCochineals. Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise olu hlobo lolawulo, kufuneka ucace kakhulu malunga nodidi lweCochineal oluchaphazela isityalo sakho, umjikelo wobomi bawo wokufaka isicelo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kucetyiswa ukuba udibane neengcali. Ezinye iintshaba zendalo zeMealybugs zidwelisiwe.
- Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (uqongqothwane), ngokukodwa kwiCottony Mealybug
- Rhodolia cardinalis (uqongqothwane), ngokukodwa kwiRibbed Cochineal
- Adalia septempunctata
- Anagyrus pseudococci (unomeva), ikakhulu eyecottony mealybug
- Leptomastix dactilopii (bhabha), kudityaniswe ne Cryptolaemus montrouzeri.
- Leptomastoidea abnormis
Unyango ngamachiza
Iingcali zamachiza ezolimo zenze uphando ukuvelisa imichiza eza kusetyenziswa kumsebenzi wenkcubeko yezityalo zolimo. Kwabo bantu bafuna ukulawula i-Ribbed Mealybugs nge-agrochemicals, kucetyiswa ukuba udibane nochwepheshe wevenkile yezolimo ukuze acebise imveliso ethile yezi zinambuzane kwaye inokufakwa kunye nemveliso ye-fungicide. Khumbula ukuba neeglavu, iiglasi kunye nemilomo njengezikhuseli, kuba usebenza ngeemveliso ezinetyhefu. Kukhethwa ukuba usebenzise umgca oluhlaza.
Phakathi kweemveliso eziphakanyisiweyo, ezi mveliso zilandelayo ezisetyenziswayo zixutywe zibizwa ngamagama: I-Pyriproxyfen 10% EC, isetyenziswe kwi-dose ye-0,5-0,75 cc / 1 ilitha yamanzi, isetyenziswe ngobuchule bokutshiza ngesitshizi malunga ne-12 ukuya. iilitha ezili-19.
Isetyenziswe ixutywe ne: i-83% yeoli yeparafini, kwi-dose ye-10 cc / 1 ilitha yamanzi, isetyenziswe ngokutshiza nge-sprinklers kunye nomthamo we-12 ukuya kwi-19 ilitha.
Unyango oluneemveliso zendalo ezifana ne: Vegex Fos Soap iyacetyiswa, kwithamo lesicelo: 2-6 cc / 1 ilitha yamanzi, igalelwe ngokutshiza ngezitshizi ezili-12 ukuya kwi-19. Ixutywe kunye ne: Vegex Crisoil (yimveliso engakhethiyo kwizinambuzane ezithile, oko kukuthi, inoluhlu olubanzi lwezenzo), umthamo we-1-2 cc / 1 ilitha yamanzi isetyenziswe, ifafazwe nge-12 ukuya. Izitshizi ze-19-litre.
Nabani na osebenzisa ezi mveliso kufuneka athathe inyathelo kwaye afunde iilebhile kwaye athathe iidosi eziboniswe ngumenzi. Xa isetyenziswa, kufuneka ifikelele ngaphantsi kwamagqabi, njengoko le yindawo apho ahlala khona xa ekwisigaba sazo se-nymph, esithintekayo ukuba silawuleke. Nxiba izixhobo zokukhusela. Faka isicelo kuqala kusasa.
Ndicebisa ukuba ufunde: