KuFrancesco Tonucci IsiXeko sabantwana Yindawo ababeza kuba sesitratweni, kuba bahle kwaye ibenza bafune ukudlala, basenza sifune ukuhlala singabantwana. Masifunde ukuba ingantoni na.
Iprojekthi yeTonucci: Isixeko sabantwana
Makhe sithethe ngesixeko sabantwana kunye nombhali waso
le ncwadi isixeko sabantwanaLe psychopedagogue yaseTaliyane, owazalwa ngo-1940, isibonisa isishwankathelo sezinto eziqwalaselweyo malunga nobudlelwane obukhoyo bobuntwaneni kunye nezixeko, enika ingxelo yokwenyani ekhoyo kumazwe aliqela ehlabathi, malunga nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwabantwana kubomi bentlalo basezidolophini kunye. ingcamango yezixeko.
Ingcali engaphumliyo, umzobi wekhathuni kunye nombhali uye waqhuba isifundo sakhe malunga nokucinga kunye nokuziphatha kwabantwana kwimeko yedolophu; iqinisekisa ukuba ukuba abantwana banikwa ukuzimela esixekweni, iya kuba sisalathiso esingenakuthathelwa indawo sokulinganisa umgangatho wayo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba lo mphengululi uzibiza ingcali yabantwana, oko uqinisekisayo njengehlaya elibi kakhulu kwaye akakho nto ngaphandle komntu ozinikele ubomi bakhe ebuntwaneni, kumantombazana nakumakhwenkwe.
Unomdla ebantwaneni
Uchaza ukuba into azama ukuyenza, ezikolweni nakwimizobo, kukuba abantwana baqatshelwe njengabadlali abaphambili kumaziko, kwiintsapho nakwizixeko.
Ukuphoxeka ukuba abantwana namhlanje abazange bakwazi ukufumana indawo yokukhula, ukudlala nokuphuhlisa ngokukhululekileyo, uTonucci uqala incwadi yakhe ngokuthelekisa indlela izinto eziye zatshintsha ngayo ebuntwaneni namhlanje xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ngenjongo yokuqonda okwenzekayo. Kwi-FRATO, njengoko esayina imizobo yakhe, abantwana abaqatshelwa, kwaye akusiyo imeko entsha, kodwa mhlawumbi iyinyani yembali.
Abantwana abakhange bathathelwe ngqalelo. Kunokuthiwa kuphela ngabazali, abababonisa ulwazelelelo ngenxa yothando abanalo ngabo. Kuluntu, iingcamango, izimvo, iinkxalabo zabantwana ziye zaba nexabiso elincinci. Yiyo loo nto kubhaliwe malunga Amaqhawe abantwana.
Kodwa njengengongoma echaseneyo neyokuba, kwakukho inzuzo yokuba abantu abadala babashiye ngaphandle, ekubeni eyona nto ibalulekileyo yayikukuba bahloniphe imithetho (babuyele ekhaya ngexesha elibonisiweyo, bangathethi nabantu abangabaziyo okanye i-persona non grata, bahloniphe imida. ) kwaye ungakhathazeki. Ngolu cwangciso, abantwana babekwazi ukuthenga izinto ezininzi.
Abantwana bangaphambili, abantwana bangoku, abantwana IsiXeko sabantwana
Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, izinto ezimbini ezenzekayo ezichasene neentshukumo zentlonipho kubantwana kunye nothando lwabazali oluboniswa yimigudu yonke kunye notyalo-mali abalwenzayo kubantwana:
Eyokuqala, kukuba phakathi kweentsapho ingcamango yokuba nempahla ibalasele. kwaye umntwana akanalo naluphi na uhlobo lokuzimela; neyesibini Ingxaki kukuba abantwana abasakwazi ukuphuma endlwini; abanako ukukhangela abahlobo, ngoko ke, babodwa ngaphakathi kuyo.
Oku kudala imeko entsha ngokupheleleyo apho abantwana babandezeleka kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, abantwana baziva bekhuselekile phakathi kwezindlu, esixekweni nakwiindawo abahlala kuzo, apho babenokufumana khona ngokukhululekileyo umdlalo kunye nabahlobo babo.
Namhlanje, esi sixeko siye saba yindawo enobutshaba, engenakufikeleleka kubo, okwenza ukuba baxhomekeke ekuqapheleni kwabazali babo, aboyikayo ukubuyisela ukuzimela kwabo, kwizixeko ezinqunywe malunga nemoto.
Okanye abazali?
Abazali namhlanje, ngenxa yokoyika isixeko, batyala imali ukwenza umdlalo ube nokwenzeka, bathenge amathoyizi kwaye bagcine abantwana babo kwiindawo ezilawulwayo. Abantwana basekhaya kufuneka bafunde, apha siyishiya Uphononongo lweNkosana encinci.
Kuyafuneka ukuba uqonde ukuba ukuba abantwana baphulukana nethuba lokudlala esixekweni, apho iTonucci ithatha isigqibo sophuhliso lwabantu, baya kushenxa kwinto eyindalo kwiminyaka yokuqala: ukukhula kunye nokuvela ngelixa bedlala, besakha isiseko. iziseko zophuhliso lwayo kwixesha elizayo.
Nangona kunjalo, isazi ngengqondo yezemfundo siyaqinisekisa ukuba umdlalo awunakuthengwa okanye ukhatshwe kuba ngamava omntu wonke. Ngokunjalo, ngokususa ukuzimela kunye nezithuba kubantwana esixekweni, bathintelwe ekuphuhliseni izakhono ezibambekayo zokuqonda kunye nobuchule bendawo ngekamva labo, umzekelo, ukulawula ixesha kunye nendawo, okuya kuthi ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuxhokonxe ukubona nokuqonda umhlaba ngokupheleleyo. indlela eyahlukileyo.
Okokugqibela, iTonucci ithathela ingqalelo ukuba amandla abantu abadala asetyenzisiweyo ukuwasebenzisa ngokunenzuzo kwinqanaba lomntu, ngakumbi abantu abadala abangamadoda, abanyanzelise imoto njengeyona nto iphambili esixekweni. Ucinga ukuba imoto "ngummi onelungelo", amandla akhe angaphezulu kwawethu: ingcolisa, ithatha zonke iindawo, inokubulala.
Le ncwadi yaba yiprojekthi
Ukuthatha lonke uphando kunye nohlalutyo lwakhe njengesiqalo, uFrancesco Tonucci uphuhlisa amava abizwa ngokuba "Siya esikolweni sodwa" kwiidolophu ezahlukeneyo zase-Italy nakwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele, njengendlela yokuhlola kunye nenkqubela phambili yokunxulumana nabantwana kwisixeko sabo kwakhona. . Esi senzo senza ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukuqalisa nokuseka uThungelwano “lweZixeko zaBantwana” kunye neRoma njengenkokeli.
Ngamazwi kaTonucci ngokwakhe, eyona njongo iphambili yale projekthi kukuthatha abantwana njengomlinganiselo wovavanyo kunye nokuguqulwa kweendawo abahlala kuzo, ekufuneka zisebenze njengeqonga lokubonakaliswa kwabantwana esixekweni kunye nomvelisi wamanyathelo ahlukeneyo. bavumele ukuba bamamele kwaye bathathele ingqalelo ilizwi labantwana xa besenza izigqibo zesixeko, ingakumbi ngamaBhunga abaNtwana.
Nangona kunjalo, ixesha elininzi ukuzinikela akufiki de kube ngumzuzu wokujoyina inethiwekhi. Uxhalabile malunga nenyaniso, uqinisekisa ukuba abantu abadala banjalo phambi kwabantwana: kukho ukuzimisela ukuthembisa kakhulu, ngokubanzi, kuninzi kunokuba abantwana bacela kwaye bangazalisekisi. Noko ke, kukho izixeko ekwenziwa kuzo iinguqulelo nezinto ezimangalisayo, yaye uyakholiswa zizo.
Iziseko zothungelwano
Imiboniso emine afika kuyo umbhali ithathwe kuyo yonke isethi, malunga nobudlelwane bobuntwaneni kunye nesixeko: Okokuqala, ithatha ukuba kuyimfuneko kubantwana, ekubeni kufuneka kwakhona okanye, namhlanje ndingasebenzisa igama elithi ukwakha ngakumbi, inkululeko kunye namava asezidolophini kuphuhliso lwabo lwengqondo kunye nendawo.
njengesibini, ukholelwa ukuba ezi zenzo, ngokubanika inkululeko yokusebenzisa indawo kunye nokudala amava malunga nokudlala, ukuqinisa ukuhlalisana kwabancinci; ukuzuza kwaye uvelise amaqhina amatsha obuhlobo kunye nokuthembana phakathi koontanga.
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo nayo iyatyetyiswa, kungekuphela nje kwingqikelelo ye-ecology, kodwa ngokuziva iyinxalenye yemo engqongileyo, enokuba bubumelwane, isikwere okanye ipaki.
Sifumana njani umboniso wesithathu, ithuba lokuvelisa imfundo yendlela, ephuhlisa ulonwabo lokuhamba, indlela yokwenza kunye nalapho, ngoko ke ayibhekiseli ekufundiseni abaqhubi beemoto ezizayo. Kweli candelo kuyimfuneko ukuba ibe yinjongo, ekubeni izixeko ziyilelwe ukuba zifikelelwe ngemoto.
Oku bekuya kuthetha ukuba kusenokubakho iinguqulelo ezinzulu kwindlela eziqanjwa ngayo neziyilwa ngayo izixeko, ekubeni umntwana ebeya kufundiswa ukufuduka ngenye indlela. Kuyakwenzeka ukubasondeza kunye namanye amaqela asemngciphekweni ekufikeleleni ngokukhululekileyo kuyo yonke indawo.
Ku ingcinga yesine neyokugqibela, uqinisekile ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuphuhlisa imfundo enempilo ngokukhupha abantwana kwiimoto, inqaku elibalulekileyo lokuqwalasela ukuba ucinga ngezinga eliphezulu lokutyeba kwabantwana kwihlabathi.
Izigqibo zesixeko sabantwana
Le ncwadi “imalunga nokwamkela iyantlukwano yangaphakathi yomntwana njengesiqinisekiso sazo zonke iindidi ngeendidi”, ekubeni isixeko esilungele abantwana sisixeko esilungele bonke abantu.
Le ncwadi ivumela ukuba siqonde imfuno engxamisekileyo yokunyamekela abantwana kwizixeko zethu kunye nomsebenzi wethu wokuseka iinjongo ezithile zokuqalisa utshintsho kwindlela ezicwangcisiweyo ngayo, ukuthatha abantwana bathathelwe ingqalelo njengezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokucinga ngokutsha ukusebenzisana kwabo.
KuFrancesco, isixeko emva kweemoto sisixeko sabantwana. Umema wonke umntu ukuba acinge ukuba le utopia inokwenzeka kwaye igcina ngokusisigxina ukuba isixeko sangomso kufuneka sicingelwe namhlanje. Uqinisekisa ngelithi: “Ukuba thina bantu badala asimmameli (abantwana) siza kuba neengxaki ezininzi”.