El Ibhanti likaOrion eyaziwa ngokuba yi-asterism kwikroza leOrion, iqulathe iinkwenkwezi ezintathu eziqaqambileyo, i-asterism yaziwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengeZilumko eziThathu kwaye iphakathi kwezona nkwenkwezi ziqaqambileyo nezichazwe kakhulu esibhakabhakeni sasebusika, isoloko isetyenziselwa ukukhangela ikroza. yeOrion.
Lithetha ukuthini ibhanti leOrion?
Ikroza leOrion laziwa njengelona kroza liqaqambileyo nelona livunyiweyo esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, imi kanye kwi-ikhweyitha yasezulwini.
I-Orion iye yalandelwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, eyaziwa ngokuba ngu-Hunter, njengoko inxulumene nenye kwiintsomi zamaGrike, ifanisa umzingeli wasentsomini u-Orion, odla ngokufanekiselwa kwiitshati zeenkwenkwezi njengomngeni weTaurus, inkunzi yenkomo, ehlukumeza oodade basePleiades, umntwiso weseti edumileyo evulekileyo okanye ukuleqa uMvundla kunye nabazingeli bawo ababini, abamntwisiweyo ngamakroza akufuphi iCanis Major neCanis Minor.
Jonga kwi Ibhanti leOrion esibhakabhakeni ebusuku yeyona ndlela ilula yokufumana iOrion esibhakabhakeni, Iinkwenkwezi bangaphezulu okanye bangaphantsi ngokulinganayo kumgca othe tye kwaye ke ngoko banokucingelwa njengebhanti lomzingeli, babonwa kakuhle esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku ngexesha lobusika obusemantla nasezantsi ehlotyeni, ngokukodwa inyanga kaJanuwari malunga ne-9: 00 p.m.
Ukubonakala
I-Orion ibonakala esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku ukusuka ngoNovemba ukuya kuFebruwari, isibhakabhaka esisezantsi-ntshona ukuba usemntla we-hemisphere okanye kumntla-ntshona wesibhakabhaka ukuba usemazantsi e-hemisphere, ibonakala kakuhle phakathi kwe-latitudes 85 kunye ne-75 degrees. ukunyuka kwayo okuthe tye kuziiyure ezintlanu, kwaye ukuhla kwayo kungamadigri amahlanu.
I-Alnilam, iMintaka kunye ne-Alnitak ziinkwenkwezi ezixhasa iBhanti ye-Orion, zezona nkwenkwezi zibalaseleyo kwi-constellation ye-Orion. IBetelgeuse, eyaziwa njengeyesibini inkwenkwezi eqaqambileyo kwiOrion, imisela igxalaba lasekunene lomzingeli. IBellatrix imiselwe njengegxalaba lasekhohlo leOrion.
Ngokungalingani, zonke iinkwenkwezi ezibalulekileyo kwi-Orion zinkulu kwaye ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye ii-supergiants, ukusuka eBellatrix ukuya kwi-Alnilam, i-Orion nebula ikude kunayo nayiphi na iinkwenkwezi ezibonwa kwindlela emalunga ne-1.600 light years, unyaka okhanyayo. ngumgama ohanjwa kukukhanya ngonyaka omnye, malunga neekhilomitha ezingamawaka amathandathu ezigidi.
Ngaphandle kwenkwenkwezi iBetelgeuse, isigebenga esibomvu nenye yezona nkwenkwezi zinkulu kakhulu kwezakha zabonwa, yona ibe kuphela kwenkwenkwezi esibhakabhakeni enkulu ngokufanelekileyo nekufutshane ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba yarekhodwa njengediski yiHubble Space Telescope. ababukeli abaneliso elibukhali bebeya kuba noxanduva lokukwazi ukubona umahluko phakathi kweBetelgeuse nazo zonke ezinye iinkwenkwezi ezikwiOrion.
Iinkwenkwezi zibonakala kwiliso lenyama
Amagama eenkwenkwezi ezintathu avela kwisiArabhu, uAlnilam uthetha "iperile yomqala" ekhankanywe ngezantsi:
Alnitak
Yinkqubo yeenkwenkwezi ezintathu ekupheleni kwempuma Ibhanti likaOrion kunye neminyaka eyi-1.260 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni. I-Alnitak B yinkwenkwezi yesine yobukhulu be-B ejikeleza i-Alnitak A rhoqo emva kweminyaka eyi-1500, iprimary ngokwayo ibhinari esondeleyo equlethe i-Alnitak Aa, i-blue supergiant yohlobo lwe-spectral i-O9.7 Ibe kunye nobukhulu obubonakalayo be-2.0.
I-Alnitak Ab yintlupheko eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yohlobo lwe-O9V kunye nobukhulu obubonakalayo obumalunga ne-4, iAlnitak Aa iqikelelwa ukuya kuthi ga ngama-28 ubukhulu ngaphezu kweLanga kunye namaxesha angama-20 ubukhulu ubukhulu, yeyona nkwenkwezi iqaqambileyo ye-O-class isibhakabhaka ebusuku.
Alnilam
Yinkulu kakhulu, malunga neminyaka engama-2000 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni kunye nobukhulu be-1.70, yinkwenkwezi eqaqambileyo ye-29 esibhakabhakeni kunye neyesine eqaqambileyo kwi-Orion, iphindwe ngama-375,000 ngaphezu kweLanga, i-spectrum yayo isebenza njengenye yezinzile. iindawo ze-ankile ezihlelwa ngazo ezinye iinkwenkwezi.
Mntaka
I-1200 yeminyaka yokukhanya kwaye ikhanya kubukhulu be-2.21. I-Mintaka iphindwe ka-90,000 ngaphezu kweLanga. I-Mintaka yinkwenkwezi ephindwe kabini, iinkwenkwezi ezimbini zijikelezana rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezi-5,73.
Nebulae
I-Orion Nebula yenye yezona zinto zifundwa kakhulu kwaye zifotwe esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku, kwaye yenye yezona zinto zifundwa kakhulu zezulu. I-nebula iye yatyhila okuninzi malunga nenkqubo yendlela iinkwenkwezi kunye nezixokelelwano zeplanethi ezivela kumafu egesi kunye nothuli.
I-Horsehead Nebula
La Nebula I-Horsehead yinxalenye ye-Orion Cloud enkulu kakhulu, imisebenzi emininzi ye-fiction engezantsi isebenzisa i-nebula ngendlela yamafu obumnyama obungaphezulu okanye obungangenekiyo, abanye bacinga iinkwenkwezi ezininzi kunye neeplanethi eziphambi kwendawo yangaphakathi kwaye ngokukodwa emva kwe-nebula .
ilangatye nebula
Yi-nebula ephumayo ebekwe kwi-constellation ye-Orion, i-Hunter, i-nebula ibekwe kumgama omalunga ne-1.350 yeminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni kwaye inobukhulu obubonakalayo be-2, i-Flame Nebula ithatha indawo ye-30 imizuzu ukusuka kwi-arc yesibhakabhaka esibonakalayo. , yinxalenye yendawo enkulu eyenza iinkwenkwezi eyaziwa ngokuba yiOrion Molecular Cloud Complex.
I-Flame Nebula likhaya kwiqela lamakhulu aliqela eenkwenkwezi ezincinci kakhulu, i-86 ekhulwini le nkwenkwezi ineediski ze-circumstellar, amalungu amancinci agxininiswe kufuphi nombindi weqela, ngelixa amalungu amadala afunyanwa kwimimandla engaphandle.
Oku kudizwe kuphononongo olusebenzisa idatha evela kwi-NASA's Chandra X-ray Lookout, iSpitzer Space Telescope, iTelescope yase-UK ye-Infrared kunye neteleskopu ye-2MASS, efumanise ukuba iinkwenkwezi ezisembindini weqela zineminyaka embalwa nje engama-200,000, ngelixa amazwe angaphandle ayemalunga 1,5 yezigidi zeminyaka ubudala.
I-IC-434
Ifumaneka kwikroza leOrion the Hunter, iHorsehead yinxalenye yelifu elishinyeneyo lerhasi phambi kwenebula esebenzayo yolungelelwaniso lwenkwenkwezi ebizwa ngokuba yi-IC434, inkwenkwezi ekhazimlayo uSigma Orionis kuthiwa ivuselela ubunebulosi beHorsehead, obungaphezu kwe. phezulu komfanekiso.
Messier 78
Lilifu lothuli lwe-interstellar elibekwe malunga ne-1.600 yeminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni, ikhanyiselwe ekwandisweni kweminyaka emine yokukhanya ngamandla eenkwenkwezi zayo ezidibeneyo, eziqaqambileyo, zohlobo lwe-B, ezikhupha i-spectrum eqhubekayo, kwindawo apho. Iinkwenkwezi ezingama-45 ezinobunzima obuphantsi kunye nemigca yokukhupha i-hydrogen, iinkwenkwezi eziguquguqukayo ezingahambelaniyo ezifana neenkwenkwezi ze-T Tauri, ezinokuthi zibe kumanqanaba okuqala obomi beenkwenkwezi.
Umbutho we-Orion Belt Stellar
Umbutho weenkwenkwezi ze-Orion OB1 waziwa njengeqela lokugqibela leqela leenkwenkwezi ezinkulu ezahlukeneyo zohlobo lwe-O kunye no-B, ezidityaniswe kunye zingamawaka eenkwenkwezi ezinobunzima obuphantsi kunye nencinci kodwa iphawu, iyinxalenye yeLifu elikhulu leOrion, ekusondeleni kwayo kunye nobunzima, ichongiwe njengowona mbutho ufundwe kakhulu we-OB.
Umbutho weOrion OB1 wenziwa ngala macandelwana alandelayo:
- I-Orion OB1a: Iqela leenkwenkwezi kumntla-ntshona we-Orion Belt kunye ne-avareji yobudala malunga ne-12 yezigidi zeminyaka, ngaphakathi kweli qela kukho elinye iqela elaziwa ngokuba yi-Orionis 5 iqela.
- I-Orion OB1b: Iinkwenkwezi ezintathu eziqaqambileyo zeOri (Alnitak), Ori (Alnilam) kunye ne-Ori (Mintaka) ezenza i-asterism ebizwa ngokuba yi "Orion Belt" kunye neenkwenkwezi ezincinci, eli qela linomndilili weminyaka emalunga nezigidi ezisi-8 zeminyaka kwaye lahlulwe ngokwamaqela amathathu.
- I-Orion OB1c: Iinkwenkwezi kwikrele likaOrion, iminyaka eyi-3-6 yezigidi.
- IiOrions OB1d: Iinkwenkwezi ze-Orion nebula kunye ne-M43 (iinkwenkwezi ezincinci).
Isithethe senkcubeko yebhanti leOrion
I-Orion liqela leenkwenkwezi elidume kakhulu kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo:
- EOstreliya, iinkwenkwezi eziseka ibhanti leOrion kunye neSword ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yiOlla okanye iCacerolam.
- EMzantsi Afrika, iinkwenkwezi ezintathu ze Ibhanti likaOrion babekwe kakuhle njengoDrie Konings, inxulumene nezilumko ezithathu okanye i-Drie Susters, iyafana noodade abathathu.
- ESpeyin nakwiLatin America, iinkwenkwezi zibizwa ngokuba yiLas Tres Marías okanye iLas Tres Marías.
- Ibhanti leenkwenkwezi ezintathu laziwa ePortugal naseMzantsi Melika njengeLas Tres Marias, zikwaphawula isibhakabhaka sasemantla ebusuku xa ilanga lisezantsi kwaye yayiluphawu olucacileyo lokugcina ixesha lamandulo.
- KwiiPhilippines nasePuerto Rico, babizwa ngokuba yiLos Tres Reyes Magos, iinkwenkwezi ziqala ukubonakala ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari ngexesha le-Epiphany, iholide yobuKristu ekhumbula ukutyelela koKumkani abathathu kumntwana uYesu.
- ESeri, abantu bakumntla-ntshona weMexico babiza iinkwenkwezi ezintathu zeribhoni ngokuthi Hapj (igama elithetha umzingeli), elenziwe ziinkwenkwezi ezintathu, iHap (idonki yexhama), iHaamoja (iPronghorn) kunye neMojet (iinkunzi zeegusha). UHap uphakathi kwaye wadutyulwa ngumzingeli, igazi lakhe lithontsiza kwiSiqithi saseTiburon.
- KuMadoda amnyama, abalinganiswa abaphambili bakhangela i Iimpawu zeMinyele, umthombo omkhulu wamandla, othi ngokutsho komphambukeli "kwi Ibhanti likaOrionUkukhangela iBhanti yeOrion yasezulwini, kodwa akukho mnyele uya kufunyanwa apho, ekugqibeleni, bayaqonda ukuba lo mnyele ufihlwe kwilitye elinqabileyo entanyeni yekati yasemzini egama linguOrion.
