Iplanethi yethu ineempawu ezingapheliyo, ngale ndlela, siza kujonga ngakumbi kwezinye Iimpawu zePlanethi yoMhlaba. Masibone.
La Umhlaba sisijikelezi-langa sesithathu kwisixokelelwano sesijikelezi-langa, kwi-orbit ejikeleza iLanga phakathi kweVenus neMars, oko kukuthi, iikhilomitha ezingama-149.600.000 ukusuka kwiKing Star. Yeyona planethi inkulu kwaye inzima kakhulu kwezi planethi zikhankanywe ngasentla, kwaye isihlanu kwinqanaba lezisibhozo ezirekhodwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Yiyo, kwangaxeshanye, kuphela kweplanethi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ekwaziyo ukusingatha ubomi bezinto eziphilayo njengoko sihlala sihlala njalo.
Igama lakhe lesidlaliso livela kwintsomi yamandulo yamaRoma: Terra, umfanekiso wesithixokazi samandulo apho ubufazi, ubufazi kunye nesiqalo sezinto ezininzi zinxulumene. Unxulumene nokuba ngumama kwiinkcubeko ezininzi, ezifana nePachamama ye-Inca okanye uMama weNtshonalanga.
Ngenye indlela, uMhlaba unesathelayithi enye yendalo esicaphula yona luna, kwi-orbit nje iikhilomitha ezingama-384.400 ukusuka phezulu. INyanga yeyesine ngobukhulu kwisathelayithi kwiplanethi yelanga kwaye ithatha ikota yoMhlaba.
Unokuba nomdla: IIMPAWU EZIBALULEKILEYO ZEEIPLANETHI EZI-4 ZE-ROCKY ze-SOLAR SYSTEM
9 Iimpawu zePlanethi yoMhlaba
Ezinye zeeMpawu zePlanethi Umhlaba, Zizo:
1. Imvelaphi kunye nendalo
Imvelaphi yoMhlaba kunye nezinye iiplanethi ikwi ilanga Nebula, idisk of remnant matter kumgaqo-siseko weLanga kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba uMhlaba wawusele ukho kwiminyaka eyi 4550 billion eyadlulayo.
Emva kwethuba lokukhenkceza kunye nokwakhiwa malunga ne-10 ukuya kwi-20 yezigidi zeminyaka, isiphumo sayo sokugqibela yaba ngumlinganiselo wamaleko angaphandle omhlaba kunye neNyanga, imveliso yokubetha phakathi komzimba ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi komhlaba. ubungakanani be Marte kunye noMhlaba malunga ne-4530 yezigidigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.
Emva koko kwabakho ukuthotywa kancinci koqweqwe lweplanethi, kunye nokuvela Umsebenzi intaba-mlilo, yaqalisa iinkqubo zemichiza ezaziza kubangela umoya ojikeleze umhlaba. Ngokufanayo, ukuqaliswa kwamanzi olwandle, isandulela sobomi, kwakungenxa yesandulelo somkhenkce kunye namanzi angama-liquid kwii-comets, i-asteroids okanye i-protoplanets eyenza ibhomu kuMhlaba omncinci.
2. Ukuqulunqwa kunye nokusabalalisa kwangaphakathi
Umhlaba ngoweeplanethi ezisemhlabeni, oko kukuthi, yi-a izinto eziphilayo ezinamatye nezingeyogesi, njengeJupiter. Umzimba osemhlabeni wenziwe ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okanye umaleko wejoloji, njengale:
1- Lithosphere
ilungiswe ngumphezulu, Uqweqwe lomhlaba kunye nengubo ephezulu, ngumaleko ovela kwi-0 ukuya kwi-60 km yokudakumba. Ngowona maleko ubanda kakhulu kwaye uqatha kuyo yonke. Ukusuka kuyo iileyile zetectonic zicwangcisiwe.
2- Asthenosphere
Umaleko onamathelayo apho i lithosphere, ukusuka kwi-100 ukuya kwi-700 km ubunzulu.
3- Ingubo yokwaleka
Eli ligama elinikwe umaleko phakathi kwama-35 kunye nama-2890 km ubunzulu, nokuba luluhlu lwamanqanaba. ngezendalo eyahlukileyo.
4- Ingundoqo yangaphandle
Umaleko wezinto ezingamanzi, omncinci kakhulu ukuncamathela, ejikelezayo kwaye iphumle kwisiseko esiqinileyo.
5- Undoqo wangaphakathi
La umbindi womhlaba, eyenziwe ngentsimbi, i-nickel kunye neepesenti eziphantsi zesulfure kunye neoksijini. Undoqo xa uwonke yi-3500 km ubukhulu.
INYANISO ESEBENZAYO: La luna ibala isahlulo sesine soMhlaba.
3. Umphezulu
Umphezulu opheleleyo woMhlaba yi-510.072.000 km2, apho I-70,8% ngamanzi kwaye i-29,2% eseleyo ngumhlaba. Ukwandiswa komgangatho ochaziweyo ngumxube weentaba, iintlango, amathafa kunye namathafa, ngelixa indawo evulekileyo inemiwonyo, iithafa kunye neenduli ezintywila emanzini, kunye namathafa anzulu, apho ukukhanya kwelanga kungafikeleliyo.
Umphezulu womhlaba uyatshintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ngenxa yentshukumo engaphantsi komhlaba yeetectonic plates, imibimbi yazo kunye nokungqubana kudala izinto ezahlukeneyo. iziganeko zokunceda.
4. Iintshukumo
Umhlaba uneembonakalo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zentshukumo: ukujikeleza, uguqulelo kunye nezinyanzeliso.
1- Ukujikeleza
Umhlaba ujikeleza i-axis yawo, kwicala laseNtshona-mpuma, kwaye kuthatha iiyure ezingama-23, imizuzu engama-56 kunye nemizuzwana emi-4 ukugqiba ukujikeleza. Lo mjelo ukhaba imini nobusuku, utshintsha phakathi kobuso obubonisiweyo kunye ifihla i Sol.
2- Inguqulelo
La indlela ojikeleza ngayo ilanga Inomfanekiso oziikhilomitha ezizizigidi ezingama-930, ngesantya esiyi-108.000 yeekhilomitha ngeyure. Oko kufanekisela ukuba imbuyekezo ye-orbital iyonke yenzeka rhoqo ngeentsuku ezingama-365, iiyure ezi-5, imizuzu engama-48 kunye nemizuzwana engama-45. Esi sifundo siqhele ukucaphula unyaka.
3- ukunyanzeliswa
Umhlaba uthambeka kwinqwelomoya yawo elliptical ngaphantsi kwe-23° kancinane, kwaye inoxanduva lwamaxesha onyaka, ekubeni isondela kwaye yahlula ububanzi obuthile be-astral ukusuka eLangeni.Le ntshukumo inciphisa ngomlinganiselo we-0,47” ngonyaka.
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IINYANISO ZOMNWABO: Imagnethi iyasikhusela imitha yelanga. Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba uluncedo kakhulu ekuzinziseni kwesi sijikelezi-langa. Amanzi afuzisela i-70% yomphezulu womhlaba.
5. Imagnethi yomhlaba
El Imagnethi yomhlaba Yeyona inkulu kwiiplanethi ezisemhlabeni. Izibonda zayo zilingana nezibonda zejografi, nangona isiqalo sayo sicingelwa ngokushukuma kwesiseko sesinyithi seplanethi, esenza imisinga yombane.
Yile ndlela i magnetosphere, amandla emagnethi oMhlaba athi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, asuse amasuntswana omoya welanga. Umzuzu we-dipole magnetic weplanethi ubonwa ukuba yi-7,91 × 1015 T m3. La mandla kazibuthe afumile ukuya kwi-ikhweyitha.
6. Umkhathi
La ibhola ye Gesi ethi kufuphi nomhlaba, ixhoba lamandla awo womxhuzulane, ibizwa ngokuba yiatmosfera. Yenziwe nge-78% yenitrogen, i-21% yeoksijini kunye nezinye iigesi ezintle kwaye ikhula ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba ukuya kumphakamo omalunga ne-11 km (ngama-75% omxholo wawo). Nangona kunjalo, akukho mida echanekileyo ye-atmosfera, kuba ngaxa lithile iqala ukuchithwa esithubeni.
Ngenxa yendalo yomoya ukungaqhelekanga kwemozulu kunye nokwabiwa kwakhona kwamandla afudumeleyo, kunye nokubonakaliswa kwe-ozone layer, eyimfuneko ekulondolozweni kobomi ukusuka ekubetheni ngokuthe ngqo kwemitha ye-UV evela eLangeni.
7 Umhlaba nenyanga
Ye- iiplanethi yasemhlabeni, Umhlaba ngowona ungqingqwa, uxhamle kowona mhlaba ubukhali wemagnethi kunye nowona mhlaba uphezulu womxhuzulane, ukongeza kokona kujikeleza ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuyibumba njengengqukuva egudileyo (oblate spheroid) kwiipali zayo, kwaye yandiswe kancinane kwi-ikhweyitha.
8. Biosphere
Iyaqondwa ngu biosphere iseti epheleleyo yobomi obuphilayo emhlabeni, kumxholo wokubekwa kwabo ngokwasemzimbeni. Yahlulwe ngokweebhayom ezahlukeneyo, ngokobubanzi bayo, ukuphakama ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kunye nemida yokufuma, kuqikelelwa ukuba yaqala ukukhula kwi-3500 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.
Ibhayoloji yeplanethi iphezulu kakhulu, ithanda imimandla ephantsi nefumileyo efana neHlathi leTropiki, ngelixa iindawo eziphakamileyo nezomileyo azifanelekanga kakhulu ubomi bezityalo nezilwanyana.
Kwibhayom nganye kukho ezininzi Iinkqubo zendalo, apho ubomi buziseke kubudlelwane obunokwenzeka phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo. Ubunzima bubonke bobomi kwiplanethi bumalunga ne-1 yetriliyoni yeetoni zekhabhoni.
9. I-Hydrosphere
Umahluko obalulekileyo woMhlaba ngokubhekiselele kwezinye iiplanethi ze ISistema Solar luphawu lwakhe oluninzi lwamanzi. Lo mphezulu we-aquifer uwonke uxhaphake njenge-hydrosphere, kwaye ubandakanya kungekuphela nje iilwandlekazi ezinkulu kunye neelwandle, kodwa namachibi, imilambo kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezi-2 ubunzulu. Isixa esixeliweyo sobunzima bamanzi kwiplanethi yi-1/4400 yobunzima bayo ngokubanzi.
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Ukongeza, enye yeeMpawu zePlanethi yoMhlaba kukuba iilwandle ziphuhlisa kwisiza se-361,84 × 106 km2, kunye noxinzelelo oluphakathi kweemitha ezingama-3682,2 kunye nomthamo we-1,3324 × 109 km3. Oko kufanekisela ukuba ukuba i mhlabeni xa ithe yacandwa, amanzi aya kuyigubungela ngokupheleleyo ukuya kutsho kwi-2,7m ukuphakama. Inika umdla.