I-Panda Bear okanye i-Giant Panda, yenye yeentlobo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezizezomyalelo we-carnivores, ngenxa yolu ngquzulwano lwenziwe, kodwa nangona oku, ngokwezifundo ezahlukeneyo eziqhutywe kwi-DNA yayo, kwagqitywa ukuba ibhere panda yeyosapho lwebhere okanye i-Ursidae, kanye njengebhere ebukekayo okanye ibhere ebukekayo isesona sizalwane sayo sisondeleyo. Ukuba ufuna ukufumanisa ngakumbi malunga nePanda Bear Characteristics, ungalibazisi ukuqhubeka ufunda eli nqaku.
Iimpawu zePanda Bear
Ibhere ekuthiwa yipanda inomzimba ofana kakhulu nowazo zonke iibhere. Eli bhere likhulu lithandekayo linoboya obumnyama ezindlebeni zalo naphambi kwamehlo alo, nto leyo emenza abe ngathi unxibe iindondo; ngokunjalo nasempumlweni yakhe, ezingalweni nasemagxeni akhe, ekhupha la malungu, bonke uboya bakhe bumhlophe ngokupheleleyo. Nangona izazinzulu zingekasazi isizathu sokuba ezi bhere zimangalisayo zibe nale mibala ingaqhelekanga kuboya bazo, uninzi lwazo lude luqikelele ukuba lo mahluko uphawulekayo woboya bazo ubenza bakwazi ukufihlakala ngokupheleleyo kwindawo ezihlala kuyo, ethanda ukuba ngamatye. , imnyama okanye ikhephu.
Uboya bebhere yepanda buxinene ngokugqithisileyo, oku kubonelela ngobushushu obuninzi kumahlathi abanda kakhulu edla ngokuhlala kuwo. Ezi zifana nazo zinamazinyo amakhulu e-molar kwaye ngokulandelelana, kunye nezihlunu ezomeleleyo emihlathini yazo, ezi zifanayo zibanceda ukuba bakwazi ukuhlafuna i-bamboo kakuhle. Imilenze yayo ineminwe emihlanu kunye nobhontsi. Into esiyaziyo njengobhontsi ngenene ibizwa ngokuba lithambo lesesamoid elilungisiweyo kubo Eli thambo lenza kube lula kubo ukuba babambe i-bamboo ngelixa besitya.
Ezi bhere zinomsila wesibini omde kulo lonke usapho lwase-Ursidae okanye usapho lweBhere, kuba umsila wawo unokulinganisa malunga neesentimitha ezili-15 ubude. Indawo yokuqala kule, yiBhere yaseTibet. Isici esiphawulekayo kubo ngamehlo abo, kuba abafundi babo abakho setyhula njengezinye izalamane zabo, ezi ziza kuba zide, zifana nezo zeekati. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuba iibhere zepanda zinokuphila ngokukhululeka iminyaka engama-20 kwinkululeko epheleleyo kunye neminyaka engama-30 ukuba zisekuthinjweni.
Zinobunzima obungakanani?
Ngexesha lokuzalwa kwazo, iibhere zepanda zidla ngokuba nobunzima obuphakathi kwe-100 ukuya kuma-200 eegram. Ngoku, xa sele zikhulile, iinkunzi zidla ngokuba nobunzima obufikelela kwi-150 yeekhilogram okanye ke, kwelinye icala, iimazi zidla ngokuba nobunzima obufikelela kwi-125 yeekhilogram.
Kagakanani?
Amantshontsho ePanda ahlala elinganisa phakathi kwe-15 - 17 yeesentimitha ubude. Ngexesha lokukhula kwazo ezi bhere zithandekayo zimalunga ne-1,5 yeemitha ubude. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amabhinqa adla ngokuba mancinci kunamadoda, malunga ne-10% okanye i-20% ngaphantsi kwamadoda.
Ihlala phi iBhere iPanda?
Ibhere yepanda ihlala rhoqo kudederhu lweentaba kuMbindi we China, ngakumbi kwiphondo elibizwa ngokuba yiSichuan, nangona ikwabalasele ngokuhlala kwamanye amaphondo anjengeShaanxi neGansu. Ukwakhiwa kweefama ezininzi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nolunye uphuhliso lwasezidolophini luye lwabangela ukuba ezi bhere zintle ziyishiye ngokupheleleyo le mimandla isezantsi apho bezihlala khona ngaphambili.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iibhere zepanda akulula ukuzibona kwezinye iindawo zomhlaba, ngokwezifundo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokubala, kugxininiswa ukuba inani leebhere ezisele emhlabeni lilinganiselwe kakhulu kwaye, ukongeza, inani leepanda alikho phezulu kakhulu inani leekopi eziseleyo. Ubuninzi bezi bhere ze-panda azifumaneki endle, ngoko ke, zikhuliswa ukusuka kwi-0 ekuthinjweni.
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ezi bhere zihlala kwiintaba zaseTshayina, ngakumbi iintaba zaseMinshan, Quinling, Quionglai, Daxiangling, Liangshan, kunye neXiaoxiangling. Zonke ezi ntaba zikubude obuqikelelwayo obuphakathi kwe-1,5 ne-3,5 yeekhilomitha ukuphakama.
Ngapha koko, inani elikhulu lezi bhere lihlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseVietnam, ngaphandle kwento yokuba ngenxa yezandla zomntu, inani lezi bhere liye lehla kakhulu. Nangona kubonakala ukuba ibhere le panda ngoku lihlala eTshayina naseTibet, kwiminyaka ethile eyadlulayo kuye kwafunyanwa iifosili ezibonisa ukuba iPanda Bear yeza kuhlala eBurma, kwiindawo ezininzi zaseVietnam, naseTshayina.
Kunokuthiwa indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo yezi bhere kufuneka yenziwe yimozulu ezinzileyo kakhulu engahlupheki naluphi na uhlobo lweenguqu ezibalulekileyo. Konke oku kuzinzo kwimozulu kuthintela iibhere ekubandezelekeni ngotshintsho olunamandla kubushushu obunokuzenzakalisa, kwaye olu uzinzo lufumaneka lula ezintabeni ezinobude obumalunga ne-1.300 kunye ne-3.500 yeekhilomitha.
Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba olu hlobo lwemozulu luthandeka ngendlela emangalisayo ekukhuleni kwe-bamboo, eyona nto iphambili kukutya kweepandas. Namhlanje, siyabona ukuba iipanda zihlala kwindawo yokuhlala emalunga ne-9.000 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha. Ezi ndawo zikhulu zomhlaba kufuneka zibe nenqanaba elifanelekileyo lokufuma, kwaye zibe neendawo ezipholile kakhulu. Oku kukodwa kuzisa njengesiphumo sokuba ziindawo ezinemipayina emininzi kunye neeconifers ezahlukeneyo.
Iindawo ezinamahlathi ashinyene kakhulu zithetha iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokuhlala ezi panda, kuba zihlala zifuna ukunyuka kwimithi emide ukuze zihlale zifihliwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo bahlala kumahlathi e-eucalyptus, ekubeni kwaesi sityalo sinye sesona sibalulekileyo kukutya kwabo konke.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iibhere ze-panda zizilwanyana ezikhululekileyo kwinkcazo yazo, oku kuthetha ukuba baya kuhlala befuna ukuhlala ngokusondeleyo kumthombo wokutya ukuze bangenzi imizamo emikhulu yokuyifumana. Ngaphandle koku, amarhamncwa awadli ngokuhlala kula mahlathi ashinyeneyo, oku kuwenza azive ekhuseleke kakhulu kwaye angathathi manyathelo okuzikhusela.
Ukutya
Nangona i-taxonomically ihlelwa njenge-carnivorous, ezi bhere zithandekayo zinokutya okusekwe ikakhulu kwimifuno eyahlukeneyo, kunye ne-bamboo kukutya kwazo okuphambili. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke le nto, ibhere yepanda isenayo inkqubo yokwetyisa kunye nemfuza ebonisa ukuba idla ngokutya. Ngesi sizathu, bafumana iiprotheyini ezincinci kunye namandla amancinci kwi-bamboo. Ubuchule bayo obukhulu bokwetyisa i-cellulose bubangelwa ngokupheleleyo kwiintsholongwane ezifumaneka emathunjini ayo. Uninzi lweepanda ezindala zinokuthatha i-bamboo yemihla ngemihla ye-9 ukuya kwi-14 yeekhilogram.
Njengoko ezi bhere zinokutya okuphantsi kakhulu, kusoloko kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umthambo wazo wokwetyisa ugcwele ngokupheleleyo. Igalelo eliphantsi lamandla emizimbeni yabo, elinyanzeliswa kukutya kwabo, libe nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela eziziphatha ngayo ezi panda. Ndiyabulela koku, bakholisa ukunciphisa kakhulu naluphi na uhlobo lwentsebenziswano yentlalontle kwaye baya kuhlala beyinqanda indawo enemithambeka engumnqantsa, bephepha ukudinwa amandla abo nangayiphi na indlela.
Ezimbini zezona mpawu ziphawulekayo zebhere yepanda, ezinjengobuso bayo obungqukuva kunye nomzimba wayo omkhulu, zinikwa njengesiphumo sokutya kwayo okugxile kwi-bamboo. Ezi bhere zintle zinokutya naziphi na iindidi ezingama-25 ezahlukeneyo zoqalo olufumaneka ehlabathini. Ezinye zezi ntlobo ze-bamboo yiFargesia Dracocephala okanye iFargesia Rufa. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba kwiindawo apho ezi bhere zihlala khona azikho iindidi ezininzi ze-bamboo, oku kungenxa yokuphakama okukhulu kwezi ntaba.
Kutheni isengozini yokuphela?
Ibhere ekuthiwa yi<em>panda yenye yeentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana namhlanje ezisengozini yokuphela, yiyo loo nto ifuna ukukhuselwa. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kukho iingxelo ezininzi kunye nezifundo ezixhasa ngokupheleleyo eli bango. Ingxelo eyenziwe ngo-2007 ibonise ukuba kukho iibhere ze-panda ezingama-236 ezihlala ekuthinjweni kuwo wonke ummandla waseTshayina, kwaye ukongezelela, kukho ezinye iipanda ezingama-27 ezingaphandle kweli lizwe.
Bonke aba bantu abakhohlakeleyo bahluke kakhulu; Uphononongo lubalwe ukuba kungakho malunga ne-1.590 kubo abahlala inkululeko epheleleyo, okwangoku, enye ingxelo eyenziwe ngo-2006 ibonisa ukuba ngokuprintwa kweminwe yemfuza kunokuqinisekiswa ukuba kukho inani eliphezulu, eli nani linokufikelela ukuba libe phakathi kwama-2.000 ukuya. 3.000. NgoSeptemba 2016, ibhere yepanda ngelishwa yabhengezwa njengesilwanyana esisengozini yi-IUCN (I-International Union yoLondolozo lweNdalo).
Indaleko kunye nokuziphatha
Ngelixa iipanda zikwinkululeko epheleleyo, zihlala zizizilwanyana ezolileyo, ezichitha yonke imihla yazo zikhangela ukutya, ngakumbi i-bamboo. Bakhangela kuwo onke amahlathi e-bamboo kufutshane neeNtaba zeQinling nakwiphondo lonke laseSichuan. Nangona zihlala zodwa kakhulu, bonke abantu abadala banendawo ephawulwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye, abasetyhini ababunyamezeli ubukho bamanye amabhinqa kwindawo ebangqongileyo.
Ezi bhere zintle zinxibelelana ngeengxolo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengokukrwela imithi eyahlukahlukeneyo okanye ukushiya iimpawu zomchamo. Ezi panda ziyakwazi ukukhwela yonke imithi, kwakule mithi minye zinokuzifumana ukuze zenze ikhusi elitofotofo, okanye ziqhele ukwenza ikhusi kwiimfanta zamatye, nangona zingazange zenze imingxuma ezihlala kuyo ixesha elide. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iipanda zizilwanyana ezingalaliyo, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezininzi, endaweni yokwenza oku, iipanda zifudukela kwindawo enobushushu obushushu.
Kulo lonke inqanaba elifutshane lokukhwelana, iipanda zibandakanya ukudibana, ukudibana apho iimazi kunye neenkunzi ezikufutshane zikhwelana. Emva kwesenzo sokuzala, iinkunzi ziyishiya imazi ukuze ikhulise injana, eyinjana, kulo lonke udederhu lweentaba.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
Okokuqala, eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuzalanisa iipandas eziseluvalelweni yayikukufaka indlongo eyenziwe ngokwenziwa; Oku kungenxa yokuba uninzi lwee-pandas, emva kokuba zibanjiwe, zenza iprojekthi yokuchasa ngokuvakalayo ukukhwelana. Ngesi sizathu, izazinzulu ziye zabhenela ekusebenziseni iindlela ezigqithisileyo nezimangalisayo ezinjengokunika iViagra kuwo onke amadoda, okanye nokubabonisa iividiyo zokukhwelana kweepanda.
Kuphela kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo ezi nkqubo zokufuya iipanda ziqale ukuba nempumelelo. Uphononongo olwahlukeneyo lubonise ukuba olu hlobo lweebhere lunepateni ethelekiseka kakhulu yokukhwelana nabantu abahlukeneyo bebhere elimnyama laseMelika, elusapho olukhulayo lweebhere. Namhlanje, umlinganiselo wonyaka wokuzala kwezi bhere umalunga nemvana enye rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini.
Ezi zilwanyana zithandekayo zifikelela ekukhuleni kwazo ngokupheleleyo ngokwesini phakathi kweminyaka emine ukuya kwesibhozo ubudala, kwaye ukususela ngoko ziya kukwazi ukuzala de zibe neminyaka engama-20 ubudala. Inqanaba lokuzala liphakathi koMatshi noMeyi, xa iimazi zingena kulo mjikelo zihlala kuphela phakathi kweentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba iimazi zingena kulo mjikelo kanye kuphela ngonyaka.
Ngexesha lokukhwelana, iimazi zigobile zijonge phantsi, inkunzi iqhubela phambili ukuya phezulu kwemazi ngasemva, esi senzo siphindaphindwa kaninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuzala kuphumelele ngokupheleleyo. Lonke ixesha lokumitha kwenjana yexesha elizayo lidla ngokuhlala phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-95 ukuya kwezili-160, nangona umyinge udla ngokuba ziintsuku ezili-120. Ezi bhere zincinci zisandul' ukuzalwa zidla ngokuba nobunzima obuphakathi kwe-90 kunye ne-130 grams, oku kubonisa ngaphantsi kwe-1/800 yobunzima bubonke kamama wabo.
panda yomntwana
Ekuzalweni, iibhere ze<em>panda ziba pink ngebala, azinamazinyo, kwaye aziboni ngokupheleleyo. Amantshontsho ePanda mancinci kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba umama awanyamekele ngokuchanekileyo. La mantshontsho ondla kunina phakathi kwamaxesha amathandathu ukuya kwalishumi elinesine ngosuku, isenzo esithatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ngexesha ngalinye. Emva koko, malunga neeyure ezintathu okanye ezine, umama umele awushiye umngxuma ukuze akwazi ukuzondla, eshiya usana lwakhe lungenakuzikhusela ngokupheleleyo.
Malunga neveki enye okanye ezimbini emva kokuzalwa kwebhere, ulusu lwayo luqala ukujika lube ngwevu, lube ngwevu oluya kuthi kamva lube luphawu lombala omnyama wolu hlobo. Umbala opinki okhanyayo uya kubonakala kuboya bayo, oku kubangelwa ukusabela kweekhemikhali okwenzeka phakathi koboya benjana kunye namathe kanina. Emva kwenyanga epheleleyo, ukuphuhliswa kwabo bonke uboya bayo kugqityiwe. Oku kuya kuqala ukuthamba kwaye kuxinene kakhulu ngokuhamba kweminyaka yakho yobomi.
Emva kokuchitha iintsuku ezingama-70 ukuya kwezingama-80, icub panda iqalisa ukukhasa. Emva kweenyanga ezintandathu baya kukwazi ukuqalisa ukutya izixa ezincinci kakhulu ze-bamboo, nangona ubisi lwebele luya kuhlala kukutya kwabo okuphambili kunyaka wabo wokuqala wobomi. Ngethuba lokukhula kwabo bonke kunyaka wokuqala banokulinganisa inani elimangalisayo leekhilogram ezingama-45, ngaphezu koko, ezi ntsana zihlala nonina de zibe neenyanga ezili-18 ubudala okanye iminyaka emi-2 ubudala. Iipanda endle zihlala zinexesha lokuzalwa elimalunga neminyaka emibini.
Iintlobo zeebhere zePanda
Mhlawumbi ngenxa yombala wayo, okanye ngenxa yokwahluka okuphawulekayo kumasiko ayo xa kuthelekiswa nawo onke izalamane, i-panda enkulu okanye ibhere ye-panda, ixesha elide lifakwe kwintsapho ebizwa ngokuba yi-procyonids, ngale ndlela kwakukholelwa ukuba ezi zizihlobo ezinkulu ze-raccoons. Ngaphakathi kule ntsapho i-panda ebomvu nayo yayibandakanyiwe, nangona namhlanje iyaziwa ukuba le nto ayinanto yakwenza nama-raccoons okanye i-pandas, kodwa kunoko ukuba olu luhlobo olulodwa kwi-genus yayo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Ailurus.
Kumaxesha anamhlanje, izifundo ezininzi kunye novavanyo lwemfuzo lungqina ngokupheleleyo ukuba ibhere yepanda okanye ibhere elikhulu lelosapho lwebhere kwaye libizwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuba yi-Ursidae. Iirekhodi zefosili zibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba iipanda zeza njani na ukuhlala kwezinye iindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, nakwiindawo ezingqongileyo ezahlukeneyo, ngaphandle koku, uphononongo lwegenome luvelise omnye umdla onomdla; ukuba olu hlobo lweebhere luye lwaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwama-40.000 eyadlulayo. Ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezingaziwayo ezifana namarhamncwa amatsha, iimeko zemozulu, njl.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngezinye izilwanyana ezisehlabathini, ungalibazisi ukuqhubeka ufunda la manqaku:
Izilwanyana ezanyisayo