Kweli nqaku siza kuchaza iimpawu zeChangos, ukuba ziphi, iintlobo ezikhoyo kunye nokuba injani indawo yokuhlala yale primate, amasiko kunye nemikhwa, kunye neenyaniso ezinomdla malunga nezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo ezikuyo. iindawo ezininzi zeplanethi.. Siyakumema ukuba ulifunde eli nqaku.
Yintoni iChango?
Inkawu okanye inkawu ibizwa ngokuba sisilwanyana esanyisayo kunye nesilwanyana, esabelana ngohlelo lwezoological (taxon) kunye nomntu kwaye ngokwenyama nangokuziphatha lufana nayo ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na esinye isilwanyana emhlabeni. Enyanisweni, iinkawu zizilwanyana ezinikwe ubukrelekrele obuphezulu. Sisalamane esisondeleyo sohlobo lwethu, nangona ingekho kakhulu njengezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezinjengegorila okanye i-chimpanzee.
Ngokwenzululwazi zizilwanyana eziphakamileyo, ezinezinga eliphezulu lobukrelekrele, ezivumela ukuba zibe zizidalwa ezihlala nabantu, zibe nombutho we-hierarchical kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ngendlela yokuqala.
Kukho malunga nama-260 eentlobo zeenkawu okanye iinkawu emhlabeni, uninzi lwazo zi-arboreal. Uhlobo ngalunye lunegama elahlukileyo elisoloko lisetyenziswa ngendlela eqhelekileyo ngokungathi zifana nezithethantonye, njengee-macaques, iimfene, iinkawu, kunye nezinye ezininzi. Igama lenkawu likwasetyenziswa njengesithethantonye senkawu, nangona inzululwazi yezilwanyana ibahlula kuba le yomva ayinamsila.
Iimpawu zeeChangos
Iinkawu zizilwanyana ze-mammalian vertebrate, ezizezomyalelo we-primates kunye neentsapho ze-platyrrhine, ezizinkawu zehlabathi elitsha, kunye ne-cercopithecoids, ezizinkawu zehlabathi elidala, ezahlukileyo kwiinkawu, ezikufutshane nomntu, nazo. baye bafumana igama le-hominoids, njengoko kunjalo nge-orangutan, i-chimpanzee, i-gorilla okanye i-gibhoni. Umahluko kukuba banomsila, i-skeleton yangaphambili kwaye, ngokubanzi, ubukhulu obuncinci.
Indawo yokuhlala
Le nkawu ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezinjengoMbindi noMzantsi Merika. Indawo yokuhlala yenkawu yindawo efudumeleyo kunye nehlathi elifumaneka kummandla we-equatorial, nangona uhlobo ngalunye luye lwakwazi ukulungelelanisa kwiimeko ezithile kwii-savannahs kunye namahlathi.
Kwilizwekazi laseMelika, iinkawu zininzi kakhulu kwiindawo zoMbindi Merika, eMzantsi Merika naseMexico. Ukuba sibakhangela eYurophu, siya kuzifumana kwindawo yaseGibraltar, kodwa ngokukodwa, sinokuyifumana kumahlathi aseAfrika naseAsia.
Ukuguquka kwemvelo
Ukunqongophala kokuqonda ingcamango yendaleko yeentlobo zikaCharles Darwin kuye kwakhokelela kwinkolelo ethandwayo yokuba inkawu sisalamane sokhokho womntu, xa ngokwenene sisihlobo esikude.
Into ebonakala iyinyani ngokwesayensi yeyokuba zonke iiprimates ziya kuvela kwisinyanya esinye, esishiye ecaleni zonke ezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo zakhwela emithini, malunga ne-65.000.000 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngeli xesha, ubomi babuninzi kwiintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo kwaye zaqala ukuziqhelanisa neendawo zokuhlala ezintsha, ezifana ne-arboreal.
Le protoprimate yayinokuba nguyise wee-lemurs, iilori kunye neentlobo ezifanayo, ngaloo ndlela inika ithuba kwisebe lendaleko elikwaziyo ukuvelisa ubukho bezilwanyana zokuqala ezinomsila, malunga nezigidi ezingamashumi amane eminyaka eyadlulayo, kucingelwa ukuba isiganeko esinjalo senzeka kwilizwekazi laseAsia.
Ukuziphatha
Iinkawu zizilwanyana sociable, baphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo ecwangciswe hierarchies kwaye babe nekhono ukubonelela umsa, inkampani kunye nengqalelo ngokuhambelana ezikhumbuza ukuziphatha kwabantu. Amaqela azinzile alawulwa ngamandla, ubudlelwane obungapheliyo malunga nendoda okanye iqela lamadoda athathwa njengeenkokeli. Iimazi zinomkhwa wokuhlala bonke ubomi bazo kwiqela labo lokuzalwa.
La maqela eenkawu ayazi kwaye athobele amanqanaba oluntu, apho umntu ngamnye unesikhundla esithile kwaye abelane ngemikhwa efana nokuhlambalaza, esebenzisa lo mkhuba njengendlela yokuqinisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo.
Ixesha elide
Umndilili wobomi benkawu uyahluka ngokweentlobo ezihlala kuzo. Olona hlobo luncinci lunokuphila ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eyi-10, kanti ezona ntlobo zininzi zinokuphila ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
Ukutya
Ukutya iinkawu yahluka kakhulu, kunokuthiwa ukuba preponderantly omnivar, nangona bakhetha iziqhamo, imbewu, amaxolo, izinambuzane kunye neentlobo eziqhelekileyo ogama yokuhlala ifumaneka kwi-treetops. Nangona kunjalo, akuqhelekanga ukuba ezinye iintlobo zizingele iimpuku kunye neentaka ezincinci, okanye zide ziphange ezinye iintlobo zeenkawu ezincinci.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
Iinkawu, ngokweentlobo zazo, zinokuba nesithembu okanye zibe nomfazi omnye de zife. Ngokomjikelezo wobomi babo, banokufikelela ekukhuleni ngokwesondo kwiinyanga ezili-18 okanye malunga neminyaka eyi-8, kwaye ixesha labo lokumitha liphakathi kweenyanga ezi-4 kunye ne-8, kwaye ngexesha lokubeleka, okuqhelekileyo kunomntwana omnye okanye ababini.
Ukufuduswa kweChango
Iinkawu zinamalungu aqhelene nemithi, okwenza iinyawo nezandla zabo zibe nenqanaba elifanayo le-prehensile, oku ngenjongo eyodwa yokukwazi ukubambelela emasebeni ngokuqinileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba banokuhamba ngesantya esikhulu kunye nokukhawuleza. Kodwa xa zisemhlabeni othe tyaba, kwelinye icala, ukuhamba kwazo kuba nzima kuba azinanyawo zithambileyo, njengabantu, ukuzixhasa.
Ukwahluka kweChango
Kukho ngaphezu kwe-270 iintlobo ezaziwayo nezirekhodiweyo zeenkawu, malunga ne-135 kwihlabathi elidala kunye ne-135 kwihlabathi elitsha, ngoko ke zilungelelene kakhulu. Ezi zisusela kwiinkawu ezincinci kunye nezindala ezifana neAmerican Marmoset, ukuya kwiintlobo zobukhulu kunye namaphiko amakhulu njengenkawu yesigcawu okanye imfene edumileyo.
Umahluko womzimba, ngakumbi kwizinto ezinxulumene neenwele, umlinganiselo kunye nezinye iimpawu ziphezulu kakhulu, ngoko ke ezo ntlobo zendalo ziyakwazi ukwahlula kwaye ziqhele ukuba yimifanekiso yezilwanyana kunye ne-biodiversity yemimandla eyahlukeneyo ezihlala kuyo.
Iimfene zehlabathi elitsha
Ziinkawu zePlatyrrhinni zeParvorden kunye neentsapho zeCebidae, i-Aotidae, i-Atelidae, iCallitrichidae kunye nePitheciidae, njengoko kunjalo ngeenkawu zesigcawu, i-wler, i-squirrel, i-marmosets kunye ne-tamarin. Bayinzala yeenkawu zeHlabathi eliDala, kwaye nangona bekungenakwenzeka ukuba bazi ngokuthe ngqo ukuba bafika njani eMelika, yintoni enokwenzeka kukuba ookhokho bokuqala bafika eMzantsi Melika kuqala, ngenxa yeziqithi ezazihlala eMelika. Ulwandlekazi lweAtlantiki malunga nezigidi ezingama-40 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.
Ngaba uChangos uyacinga?
Ngokophononongo lwakutsha nje lweenkawu phantsi kwe-anesthesia kucetyiswa ukuba banendlela emiselweyo yokusebenza kwengqondo. Kwaye olunye uphononongo lwee-ake macaques olwapapashwa ngo-2009 lwabonisa ukuba bacinezela umsebenzi we-neural kwi-posterior cingulate cortex ngelixa bezama ukwenza umsebenzi othile.
Olunye ulingo olwenziwa ngeechimpanzi, ezizezona primates zikufutshane ebantwini, lukwacebisa ukuba ubuchopho babo bunokuzisa iinkumbulo zabo ngoku. Kodwa akukho zifundo ze-positron emission tomography ezisele zenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba iinkawu zinohlobo olufanayo lomsebenzi wengqondo ongagqibekanga njengabantu.
Isimo soLondolozo lweChango
Iintlobo ezininzi zeenkawu zisongelwa okanye zisengozini, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwendawo yazo yokuhlala, ngenxa yokugawulwa kwemithi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi okubashiya ngaphandle kwamakhaya abo. Ukongezelela, imizekelo yazo emininzi izingelwa njengeendondo okanye itshatyalaliswe ngamafama, abayibona iyingozi kwizityalo zabo. Kuzo, iintlobo ze-25 zibhekwa njengengozi enkulu, ngakumbi eMadagascar, kunye neentlobo ze-6, iVietnam eneentlobo ze-5, kunye ne-Indonesia eneentlobo ze-3.
Ukuba ulithandile eli nqaku, unokuba nomdla wokufunda: