Iintaka, njengezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana, zineempawu ezifanayo ezizidibanisa zibe yiklasi enye, uninzi lwezi mpawu zixhaphakileyo zinento yokwenza neentsiba zazo, amathambo azo, iigizzards zazo kunye nemilomo nemilenze yazo, kwesi sithuba siza kubona iimpawu zeentaka ukufunda okungakumbi ngezi zilwanyana.
Iimpawu eziphambili zeentaka
Iintaka zabelana ngeempawu ezininzi kunye nezinye iintlobo ezindizayo, nangona kukho igenera kunye ne-subfamilies ngaphakathi kolu didi lwezilwanyana, ezinye zazo ziya kucaciswa ngezantsi, ziqala ngenyaniso yokuba ziyizilwanyana ezinomqolo ezinokuhamba kunye neziphelo zazo eziphezulu (amaphiko kunye namaphiko) kwaye uhambe okanye uxhume kunye nezisezantsi. Zinamaphiko njengemveliso yenguqu yohlobo ngalunye, nangona kunjalo ezinye zinokubhabha kwaye ezinye azikwazi, ezinye zineentsiba ezide kakhulu kwaye ezinye zifutshane kakhulu, ezinye zikhulu kwaye ezinye zincinci kakhulu.
Ngokutsho kwembali, imvelaphi yale klasi iqala kwi-theropod dinosaurs, ezo zezo zibipedal, kwenzeka ukuba ezi zilwanyana zasinda ekutshabalaleni kwazo zonke ezinye iintlobo zeedinosaurs ezazihlala emhlabeni ngelo xesha, kodwa ngemitha ezasala ezintakeni zavela emhlabeni, enyanisweni ukuzohlula enye kwenye kwakungasoloko kuyinkqubo elula eyayisebenzisa i-morphology ukuzehlula.
Uphawu lwesibini olufanayo olunokubonwa kukuba zonke zikholisa ukufukama, zondla amantshontsho azo ngaphakathi kwendlwane nangaphandle ngomlomo wazo, ziyafuduka xa imozulu itshintsha amaqondo obushushu, zikhwelana kwaye zizala ngamaxesha athile onyaka kwaye ziyahamba. zigcinwe ngokwamaqela okanye imihlambi, ngokucacileyo ezininzi zezi kwabelwana ngazo nezinye iindidi ezifana nezilwanyana ezanyisayo.
Olunye uphawu oluphambili kukuba ezi zilwanyana zilula ngobunzima, nangona ezinye zazo zikhulu kakhulu kwaye zinobunzima obungaphezu kwe-150 yeekhilogram, inxalenye enkulu yazo inokulinganisa iigram kuphela kwaye ibe yincinci kakhulu, eyenza ukuba indiza ihambe kwaye inyuse isantya. , nangona isantya sikwanento yokwenza nokumila kwamaphiko ayo.
iintsiba zeentaka
Okokuqala, into ezahlula kwezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana kukuba ulusu lwazo alufumi kodwa lomile kwaye zineentaka ezingafaniyo nolunye uhlobo lwezilwanyana, oku kuzivumela ukuba zibhabhe nangona kukho ezingakwenziyo kwaye nazo ziyazivumela ukuba zibhabhe. shushu ukuze balawule ubushushu bemizimba yabo. Zibonisa iintsiba zazo ukuze zilingane namaqabane ohlobo lwazo, ukuze zichonge kwaye zizahlule enye kwenye, kwaye zide zizifihle kumhlaba.
Zonke iintaka ziphalaza iintsiba zazo ngokunjalo Iinyoka eSpeyin baluphalaze ulusu lwabo, baphinde bacocwe okanye bazilungise ngokwabo imihla ngemihla ngomlomo ukuze basuse ubumdaka okanye amasuntswana angafanelekanga ukuba abekho. Ngokuphathelele ukubhabha, phantse zonke ziyakwazi ukubhabha, kodwa malunga ne-60 yeentlobo ezikhoyo azikwazi ukwenza oko.Kuyabonakala ukuba ezo zihambayo zinokwahluka ngokobumo kuba uhlobo ngalunye lunokulungelelaniswa kwi-physiognomy yalo eguqula indlela yalo yokubhabha. kwaye inika nganye isimbo.
Kukho umahluko ekubhabha ngenxa yokumila kweentsiba:
- Iintsiba ezimfutshane: Iintaka ezinentsiba ezimfutshane zinokuba yinkukhu, i-partridges
- Iintsiba ezinde: Eminye imizekelo yezi ntaka yingcungcu, iipikoko, iziqongqothwane, amaxhalanga, oongqatyana, phakathi kwezinye.
- Iintsiba zeRudimentary: Ezi zezo zilinganisa ukuba neenwele.
- Ezingenantsiba: Iipenguins ngowona mzekelo kwiintaka ezingenantsiba, azinantsiba kwaye azinawo amaphiko okubhabha, ngokwenene ngamaphiko azivumela ukuba zidade ngokukhawuleza.
Amaphiko nawo amisela uhlobo lokubhabha ezikwenzayo, indlela ezikhangeleka ngayo kunye nendawo yokuhlala apho zigcinwa khona:
- Yalatha: Iintaka ezinamaphiko amxinwa kwaye athe ngqo zibhabha ngokukhawuleza xa zithelekiswa nezinye iintlobo.
- Ajikelezwe: Ezo zinamaphiko abanzi nangqukuva zihlala kwindawo ekufutshane kwaye azikhawulezi kangako ukubhabha.
- Ngemo yeminwe: Kukho iintaka ezinamaphiko okweminwe, njengamaxhalanga. Zinazo kwiincam zamaphiko azo kwaye yenza kube lula kuzo ukubhabha phezulu.
abaninzi baya kufunyanwa iintaka zeempawu Ngenxa yemibala yazo eqaqambileyo, eneneni imibala iyinto ekhethekileyo kwiintaka ezingenakuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zobukumkani. Ewe kukho izilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga ezinemibala emangalisayo kodwa iintaka zinenani elikhulu lemibala eyahlukileyo kwiklasi yazo yonke.
Ngokuphathelele ukufuduka kweentaka, kukho ezinye ezifuduka ngakumbi kunezinye, kodwa ezo zihamba rhoqo zibhabha zihambelana nezinye iintaka ezibhabha kwiqela. Oku zikwenza xa amaqondo obushushu etshintsha ngokwamaxesha onyaka, ekubeni ezinye zingakwazi ukumelana nobusika obubanda kakhulu okanye ihlobo elishushu kakhulu, ngoko ziyafuduka ziye kwezinye iindawo ngoxa ixesha lonyaka lidlula. Bayenzela nokukhangela ukutya kwezinye iindawo xa bekwinkqubo yoku Ukuzala kwiiNtaka.
Emva kwemfuduko ukhangela iindawo zokuhlala ngelixa lidlula ixesha lonyaka, iindawo ezigqibeleleyo zokwakha iindlwane zazo kunye namantshontsho azo azakuzalwa. Uhlolisiso olwenziwayo ukuze kufunyanwe indlela abaziphatha ngayo xa beseluhambeni luye lwafikelela kwizigqibo ezibonisa ukuba basebenzisa ilanga ukuze bazikhokele, ukongezelela kwivumba nenkumbulo abagcina kuzo iimbekiselo eziye zazibona kuhambo lwangaphambili, bambi baye bazibona kuhambo lwangaphambili. ikwanobuntununtunu kumasimi ombane.
amathambo entaka
Ngokuphathelele amathambo abo, abanye babo banezikhewu emathanjeni ezibavumela ukuba babe nokuhamba okungcono kunye nokukhanya kwemizimba yabo, ngelixa umqolo wabo une-vertebrae eninzi kwindawo yentamo ukuze babe bhetyebhetye ngakumbi, konke oku kukuthanda ukuphucula. ukukwazi ukubhabha kunye nokuhamba abanako. Iminwe yeentaka (ezine) iyahlula ngokwamaqela amaninzi:
I-anisodactyls zezo zineminwe emithathu ngaphambili kunye nomnye ngasemva, ngelixa i-syndactyls ibonakala idibanisa iminwe. I-zygodactyls, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ineminwe emibini phambili kunye neminwe emibini ngasemva, i-pamprodactyls ineminwe emine ngaphambili, evimbela ukuba bahambe okanye baqhube kwindawo ethile. Ekugqibeleni, i-heterodactyls ineminwe emithathu nesine ekhomba phambili kunye neminwe enye kunye nemibini ekhombe ngasemva, ngokungafaniyo ne-zygodactyls, eneminwe emibini nemithathu ngaphambili kunye neminwe enye kunye nesine ngasemva.
Iigizzards kunye nezikhonkwane
Igiza lilungu lomzimba wabo othi ezinye iintlobo ziphuhliselwe ukucola ukutya ezikutyayo, ezinye zitye amatye ukuze zicole kwaye zisile ngegizzard. Le nxalenye iwavumela ukuba agcine ukutya kwingxowa yawo kwi-dewlap yawo aze ngaloo ndlela akuse apho amantshontsho azo awaphakele khona.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimilomo yazo, le milo yomlomo wabo ayifani nolu hlobo lwezilwanyana, ezinye iintlobo nazo zifana nofudo, i-platypus, i-octopus, phakathi kwezinye. Kodwa iintaka azinamazinyo kwaye oko kuzivumela ukuba zizondle, ukutsala iimazi zohlobo lwazo, zikhangele ukutya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izinto. Kuxhomekeka kwimilo yayo, ubungakanani bayo namandla ayo, le ntaka iya kutya ezinye izinto hayi ezinye, ngokufanayo umlinganiselo wokutya okuya kungena emlonyeni wayo uya kulawulwa zezi zinto.
Kukho iindidi ezininzi zemilomo kwiintaka:
- Kukho imilomo egobileyo nehakiweyo efana neentaka ezitya inyama, ezi zilungele iintaka ezitya iziqhamo kunye nembewu.
- Kwakhona imilomo emile okwemikhonto, ilungele iintaka ezitya izilwanyana zasemanzini.
- Kukwakho nemilomo emide necolekileyo kakhulu ezinokutya ngayo izinambuzane, nayo inokuba mide kwaye yomelele ukuze iintaka zitye inyama yezinye iintaka okanye ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana.
- Kukho imilomo emile okwetyhubhu, ayixhaphakanga kangako kodwa ifunyanwa ziintaka ezinencindi kwaye ngayo ziyakwazi ukufikelela kwiintyatyambo ngokulula.
- Nomlomo ongqindilili nomfutshane oluphawu lweentaka ezidla inyama okanye iintaka ezitya imbewu.
Ezinye iinkalo
- Iintaka azikho mhle kakhulu ngokwendlela yokujoja, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezinokunuka ukusuka kwiimitha ezikude, ezinye iintaka azinangqondo iphuhlileyo.
- Kwelinye icala, ingqiqo yabo yokubona iphuhlile, nto leyo efunekayo ukwazi ukuba babhabha imigama emide. Kodwa iindidi ezifana nokhozi zikwazi ukubona kakuhle ngendlela engenakuthelekiswa nezinye izilwanyana.
- Uvakalelo lwabo lokuva lukwalungile kakhulu kwaye ezinye zazo zineecholocation, njengeentlobo ezininzi zaselwandle.
- Iintaka zabelana ngokufana nabantu kwaye kumalunga nesakhono ezinikwa lilungu lazo lelizwi elibizwa ngokuba yisyrinx, iintaka zinokudibanisa amanqaku amaninzi kwaye zivelise iingoma ezifana nabantu ngelizwi labo.
- Ngokuphathelele ukubhanqa kwabo, banokuba nesithembu kunye ne-monogamous, oko kukuthi, banokuhlala kunye neqabane elinye ubomi babo bonke okanye bavelise kuphela kwaye banokuba namaqabane amaninzi, yonke into iya kuxhomekeka kwiintlobo.
Umahluko phakathi komnye nomnye
Ngaphambili, iimpawu ezabelwana ngazo ngeentlobo ezininzi kwiintsapho zeentaka zikhankanyiwe, nangona kunjalo ziyahluka kakhulu kwaye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- Ngenxa yokumila kwemilomo yawo kunye neenzipho zawo, imeko yazo ekutya ngayo nendlela ezizingela ngayo amaxhoba awo.
- Bahluke ngokuziphatha kwabo, abanye bayafuduka kwaye abanye bangabahlali, ngoko umzimba wabo ulungelelaniswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuchasa okanye ukungatshintshi kweqondo lokushisa. Ukongeza koko, ezinye zihamba ebusuku kwaye ezinye zihamba emini, ngoko zikhuthele ukuzingela nokucula emini okanye ebusuku.
- Ukumila kwemizimba yabo nako kuyabohlula, kukho iintaka ezinkulu kakhulu ngenxa yemilenze okanye iintsiba zazo, umzekelo woku ziipikoko kunye neeflamingo, ingcungcu inokulinganisa i-64 millimeters kwaye inobunzima obuphantse bube yi-3 grams, ngelixa inciniba Iyakwazi. ukulinganisa malunga neemitha ezi-3 kunye nobunzima obungama-155 eekhilogram.