Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba yintoni na iimpawu zemitha yelanga? Kweli nqaku sinempendulo ebonisiweyo yale nguqu inomdla. Fumana nathi iimpawu zemitha yelanga, yintoni ingozi yayo, iziphumo kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Yintoni imitha yelanga?
Imitha yelanga iqondwa njengaloo mthombo unamandla ophuma ngaphandle kwamajukujuku kuphela, wona wona uphuma kwiplanethi yesijikelezi-langa elikuyo ilanga. Le mitha yelanga ekhankanywe ngasentla yenziwa ngenxa yokudibana kwenyukliya kumbindi welanga. Le mitha yenyukliya inomsebenzi wokuvelisa uhlobo lwemitha ye-electromagnetic ekwaziyo ukuveliswa ngamaza omoya. Ukuza kusasaza ngesantya sokukhanya.
Amaza, kwelinye icala, amele enye yeendlela ezisisiseko zokuhanjiswa kwamandla. I-wave ibonakaliswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ubude balo kunye nesantya salo, ubude be-wave ngumgama phakathi kwe-crests, i-frequency linani le-crests eyenzeka ngomzuzwana, kwaye isantya samaza sisantya se-wave elinye. .
Ithetha ntoni ngemitha?
Ukusasazeka kwemitha kuchazwa njengokugqithiswa kwamandla akhutshwa ngamaza ombane omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Oku kuveliswa kuhlobo lomthombo obonelela ngemitha yemitha ekhutshelwa kwezinye izikhokelo ezijoliswe kwiindawo ezininzi.
Amaza wona, anamandla kunye nesixhobo sokuwela kunye nokugqobhoza kwindawo yesijikelezi-langa, ekwazi ukugqobhoza emhlabeni. Onke amaza ayakwazi ukuhamba ngesantya esimalunga namakhulu amabini anamashumi alithoba anesithoba amawaka anamakhulu asixhenxe anamashumi alithoba anesibini amawaka eekhilomitha. Zombini ubude kunye nobuninzi obubonisa amaza ngenene zigqithisekile ukuze kuchazwe ezi ziguquguqukayo zilandelayo:
- Amandla
- Ukungena
- Ukubonakala
- Kwaye amandla
Ilanga rhoqo
Lo mba ubhekisa kumthamo wamandla elanga akhutshelwa kwisijikelezi-langa somhlaba. Loo mandla anokulinganiswa ngeeyunithi zexesha kunye nomphezulu. Le nkqubo yenziwa sisimo esingaphezulu somoya ojikeleze umhlaba kwinqwelomoya eqhelekileyo ngokuthe nkqo kwimitha evela kwenkwenkwezi yethu.
Iintlobo zemitha yelanga
Imitha yelanga ibonakala ngokuqulathe iintlobo ezi-3 ezaziwayo-kakuhle okanye izitayile zemitha, zithathela ingqalelo iimpawu zazo kunye neziphumo, ekubeni nganye kwezi zineembonakalo ezahlukeneyo zamandla. Ezi zihlelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Imitha enikezela, iququzelele kwaye inike ubushushu. (I-infrared)
- Imitha ekhuphayo kwaye iveze ukukhanya (okubonakalayo)
- Imitha ye-ultraviolet
Ezi ntlobo zintathu zemitha esiqhele ukuyiqonda ngokulula, nangona kunjalo, imitha ye-ultraviolet ihlala yohlulwe kwezinye iindidi esiya kuzikhankanya ngokukhawuleza, ezi zilandelayo:
- Ezo mitha ezikwaziyo ukungena kwiatmosfera yethu esemhlabeni ngokulula kakhulu, ezi zibizwa ngokuba; Imitha ye-UV.
- Loo mitha, ngokungafaniyo neyangaphambili, ivelisa iingxaki ezinkulu zokungena kwiatmosfera yethu. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-UVB
Olu didi lwemitha ye-ultraviolet ludla ngokubonakaliswa ludidi olufutshane lwamaza, yiyo loo nto lungenako ukungena kwi-atmosfera kuba i-ozone idla ngokuyifunxa ngokukhawuleza.
Iimpawu zemitha yelanga
Imitha yelanga isasazwa phezu kobubanzi be-spectrum engaqhelekanga ukufumaneka kwi-frequency enye, kunye nombala oluhlaza okotshani, olona lubalaseleyo lwemitha yemitha lugxile ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo ngaphandle kwe-atmosfera.
Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kwenza indawo encinci ye Umbane we-Electromagnetic, oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu, kwaye ngokwemvelo, kubalulekile nakwindalo. Olu lolunye nje kwiindidi ezininzi zemitha yombane.
Umzimba womntu, kodwa hayi iliso lomntu, unokubona ezinye iintlobo zemitha ye-electromagnetic. Ngokomzekelo, xa sifikelela kwinto eshushu, imitha ye-infrared ithwala amandla aloo nto esandleni sethu. Ngaloo ndlela ukuvakalelwa kobushushu kukubona ukukhanya kwe-infrared ngaphaya kwendawo ebonakalayo.
Ukuba siselangeni ixesha elide sifumana ilanga, unobangela wokungakhululeki kwethu yimitha ye-ultraviolet. Ngale ndlela sinokuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba wethu ukwabhaqa imitha ye-UV. Kukho iifestile ezimbini kuphela zemitha ye-electromagnetic, ukukhanya okubonakalayo kunye namaza erediyo. Zonke ezinye iintlobo zemitha yemitha zifunxwa, ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye, ngumoya osingqongileyo.
Imitha ye-photosynthetic iyaguquguquka ukusuka malunga namakhulu amane ukuya malunga namakhulu asixhenxe e-NM. Esi sixa silingana nemitha yemitha ebonakalayo, etolikwa njenge-40% yemitha jikelele. Kulo mitha kukho ulwahlulo esiya kulubona ngezantsi:
- I-orenji ibala elibomvu ukusuka kumakhulu amahlanu anamashumi alithoba ukuya kumakhulu asixhenxe nm
- Buhlaza amakhulu amane anamashumi alithoba ukuya kumakhulu amahlanu anamashumi amathandathu nm
- Umthubi uhamba ukusuka kumakhulu amahlanu anamashumi amathandathu ukuya kumakhulu amahlanu anamashumi alithoba nm
- I-Blue-violet isuka kumakhulu amane ukuya kumakhulu amane anamashumi alithoba nm
- Njengoko idlula kwi-atmosfera yomhlaba, imitha yelanga idlula:
- Ukucamngca
- Ukuphindaphinda
- Ukungena
Ngale ndlela, enye yeempawu eziphambili zemitha yelanga kukuba ihamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukuze ingene kwaye ifezekise injongo yokufikelela kwindiza yasemhlabeni.
ibhalansi yemitha
Yonke imihla umhlaba ubethwa ngumkhenkce, kangangemizuzu elishumi elinesine. Ukongeza koku, iatmosfera inoxanduva lokucoca imitha yelanga, ivumela ukuba idlule ide ithintele ukungena kwayo, nto leyo ebangela ezi ziphumo zilandelayo:
- Iyakwazi ukusasaza imitha ngenxa yokusasazwa kunye nobukho beegesi ezikhoyo kuyo kunye namafu ayinxalenye yesakhiwo sayo sekhemikhali. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba ine-78% ye-nitrogen, umthamo we-21% oksijini, ezinye iigesi zenziwa yi-Aragon kunye ne-0,9% ye-carbon dioxide ene-0,03% kunye nezixa ezahlukeneyo zamanzi. , kunye nothuli kunye nezinye izinto ezincinci ekumisweni .
- Ezinye iziphumo eziveliswayo esinokuthi sizikhankanye kukufunxa okuwela kwiqondo lokunyuswa kweqondo lobushushu, nangona kunjalo oku kudla ngokuba yinto encinci kancinane ngokubhekiselele kukukhanya okubonakalayo, kwaye oko kuphumela elubala ngokupheleleyo ngokubhekiselele kwimitha yelanga.
- Inxalenye enkulu yemitha yemitha iyakwazi ukuwela kwaye ingene kwiatmosfera yoMhlaba ngaphandle kokwahluka. Le radiation ekwaziyo ukungena ngokulula nangokupheleleyo ngempumelelo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-net radiation. Ngoko ke, amandla afumaneka ngokupheleleyo ahambelana nomlinganiselo wesahlulo sesine kuphela samandla aqhelekileyo alawula ukukhutshwa.
Ngelixa indawo esezantsi yeatmosfera iyindawo esichitha kuyo phantse lonke ixesha lethu, ebizwa ngokuba yitroposphere, inobunzima obuphakathi kweekhilomitha ezilishumi elinanye. Izalisekisa umsebenzi wokufunxa imitha ye-UV, ikwafunxa umphunga wamanzi. Lo msebenzi iwenzayo, ukulawula ukuhluza imitha ye-UV, imele inyani ebaluleke ngokwenene kumjikelo obalulekileyo wobomi.
Imitha yelanga iyichaphazela njani impilo?
Njengoko sisazi, i iimpawu zemitha yelanga balawula ukuvelisa iziphumo ezingalunganga kwilungu elibizwa ngokuba yisikhumba, sabantu. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba kunamandla kangakanani ukukhanya kwelanga, kwaye yiyiphi inqanaba lamandla asebenzayo amaza elanga esikhumbeni. Nantsi eminye yomonakalo owenziweyo:
- Imitha yemitha ye-ultraviolet ngokubanzi inokukhokelela kumhlaza eluswini lomntu.
- Ezinye iingxaki ezibangelwa imitha yelanga yimpembelelo yamehlo, ekubeni ukuchaneka kwabo kukukhanya kwelanga kunokubangela iimeko ezinkulu ezinjengokulahleka kokubona.
- Ulusu lelona lungu lichaphazelekayo, ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwimitha ye-ultraviolet kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu, oguqulela kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ubomvu besikhumba
- I-Manchas oscuras
- Imibimbi
Ngenxa yokukhuselwa kocweyo lweozone, inxalenye enkulu yemitha ye<em>ultraviolet ayikwazi ukungena emhlabeni. Kungenjalo, ukuba besingenalo olu khuseleko luxabisekileyo, umonakalo neziphumo beziya kuba mbi kakhulu. Kwintsimi yeyeza, isayensi ikwazile ukuphumeza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezixhotyiswe ngemiqadi ye-laser ukwenzela ukuyisebenzisela ukuphelisa kunye nokuphilisa amanxeba. Ngale ndlela, ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezilandelayo:
- Psoriasis
- Vitiligo
- amaqhuqhuva esikhumba
Yintoni ukubaluleka kwemitha yelanga?
Ngaphandle kweziphumo ezahlukeneyo esizichaze ngaphambili kwiziphumo zemitha yelanga, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqaqambise eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu malunga nobukho bayo kubomi kunye nentlalontle yeplanethi ngokubanzi. Phakathi kwemiba ethe yakwazi ukuyiqaqambisa ngokubaluleka kwayo, siya kukhankanya oku kulandelayo:
- Amandla elanga amele utshintsho olubaluleke kakhulu: Amandla elanga ngowona mthombo wamandla kwaye, ngenxa yoko, injini ehambisa indawo esingqongileyo. Amandla elanga esiwafumana ngemitha yelanga anoxanduva ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwimiba ebalulekileyo yobomi njengale:
- Ifotosynthesis kwizityalo: Ukugcinwa kobushushu beplanethi buhambelana nobomi bomoya. Amandla elanga afikelela kumphezulu womhlaba makhulu ngokuphindwe kayi-10.000 ngaphezu kwamandla asetyenziswa ngoku ngabantu bonke.
Ukuba ubukho bamandla akhankanyiweyo abukwazanga ukungena kwindawo ejikelezileyo yeplanethi yethu, iziphumo ziya kuba zibi kakhulu, kuba kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ukuba ngaphandle kweempawu ezithile ezihlala ziqhutywa ngeempembelelo ezimbi ezenziwa ngaphezu kwazo zonke ebantwini. , kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ubukho babo emhlabeni bunenqanaba elifanelekileyo lokubaluleka.
Imitha yelanga ineenzuzo ezilungileyo ezithanda iindlela ezithile zempilo yabantu, phakathi kwazo esinokuzikhankanya:
- Vitamin D ukuvuselela
- Inceda ukuhamba kwegazi
- Inceda ukuvuselela inxalenye yengqondo elawula imo
Ezi zezinye zeenzuzo eziziswa imitha yelanga eluntwini, singasathethi ke ngezinye iziphumo ezilungileyo ezivelisa emhlabeni, ukwandisa iinkqubo zolimo, ubunjineli, kunye nezinye iinkalo ezifana nezakhiwo. Ngelo xesha, imele enye indawo yamandla ngokubhekiselele kumanzi okufudumala.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, iimpembelelo zemitha yelanga isinika ingqiqo ngokupheleleyo kwaye iyingqayizivele, engaqatshelwanga kuphela ngemiphumo yayo emhlabeni, kodwa ibonelela ngeempawu ezintle kwiindlela ezithile zendalo zabantu. Ke ngoko, isifundo sakhe sinomdla kwaye sigqibelele, enkosi kwabanye izazinzulu ezibalulekileyo kwimbali, njengoIsaac Newton, namhlanje siyazazi izinto eziguquguqukayo ezenza imitha.