Las iimpawu zokufuduka Babonisa ukuhlukahluka kweenguqu ezibandakanya inani leenjongo eziphawuleka kakhulu, enye yazo kukuphuculwa kweemeko zoqoqosho, isenzo sabo esiphambili kukudluliselwa ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye, apha unokufumanisa izizathu zabo, iintsingiselo kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Inkcazo
Ukufuduka kwenziwa ziimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezikuchaza njengokuhamba kwentshukumo eyenziwa ngabantu ukusuka kwindawo ethile ukuya kwenye. Ngenjongo yokuhlala kwindawo ngokusisigxina. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, imfuduko imele inkalo engaphaya kwengqondo enefuthe elikhulu kumacandelo olwakhiwo lwabemi ngokubanzi.
Ngoko ke, kukho amagama ama-2 anceda ukuqonda ukufuduka, phakathi kwabo sifumana ukufuduka, oku kwenzeka ukususela kwixesha apho umntu elungiselela ukungena kwisizwe. Ngelixa ukufuduka kusisiphumo sokushiya ilizwe elithile. Abo bafudukela kwamanye amazwe baziwa ngokuba ngabaphambukeli, yaye abo bafudukayo babizwa ngokuba ngabafuduki. Ukusuka kwesi sikhondo le miba ilandelayo:
- phakathi kwemimandla: Abo bafudukela kummandla omnye wesizwe. Umzekelo: ukusuka eFlorida ukuya eTexas.
- I-Intracontinental: Abo bafudukela kwilizwekazi elinye, umzekelo weVenezuela ukuya eArgentina.
- I-Intercontinental: Abo basuka kwelinye ilizwekazi baye kwelinye. Umzekelo ukusuka eUnited States ukuya eTshayina.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kukuzithandela. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba umntu enze isigqibo sokwenza isenzo esinje. Kwezinye iimeko kuba yimfuneko, kuxhomekeke kwimeko kunye nezizathu.
Ukufuduka ngokulinganayo, kwiminyaka edlulileyo kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo eyenziwa, ngenxa yemigaqo yokubambisana kwehlabathi, ngakumbi nangakumbi, namhlanje abantu abaninzi banethuba lokufuduka kwilizwe ngeenjongo zobuqu ukuze bafezekise umgangatho wobomi obungcono.
Akuthathwa njengemfuduko, abo bantu baqhuba imisebenzi ngeenjongo zokhenketho, okanye abo bahamba ngomsebenzi, logama nje ukuhlala kwabo kungahlali ngokusisigxina elizweni, abafumani similo somphambukeli.
Kangangeminyaka emininzi uluntu luye lwafuduka. Enkosi kwezinye iinkqubo zezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo okanye zasemkhosini, bonke abantu banokugqiba ekubeni bafudukele kwiindawo ezintsha. Le yimeko yeMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi, apho abantu abaninzi baseYurophu, ngakumbi abo basuka eSpain, bafudukela kwindawo Ilizwekazi laseMelika, ngenxa yezizathu eziqatha ezabakhokelela ekubeni benze isigqibo sokulushiya uhlanga lwabo baye kungena kwelinye.
Kula maxesha ophuculo, ummi wokufuduka uchatshazelwa kakhulu ngamagama ezopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, inyathelo elichaziweyo lixhomekeke kwimithetho kunye nemimiselo ekufuneka abantu bayithobele ukuze bafaneleke, kwaye bakhethe ukuhlala kwilizwe, apho ukufuduka kulinganiselwe ngokusemthethweni.
Iintlobo zokufuduka
Kukho intlaninge enkulu yeentlobo zokufuduka kwabantu. Zonke zinomlinganiso ohlukileyo kunye nekhonkrithi, ngokusekelwe kwimimiselo ethile echaza kwaye ichonge. Ezinye zazo esinokuzikhankanya ziquka:
- imfuduko yangaphakathi: Ibhekisa kwezo ntshukumo zenziwe ngabantu kwisizwe esinye.
Imfuduko yangaphandle: ibhekisa kwabo bantu bafudukela ngaphandle kwemida yelizwe labo, oko kukuthi, ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye. - imfuduko yamazwe ngamazwe: kwakhona ukusuka kwelinye iLizwe ukuya kwelinye.
- ukudluliselwa kwabemi: kwenzeka xa abalawuli belizwe benyanzela abantu ukuba basishiye isizwe.
- imfuduko ethintelweyo: Ikhula ukususela kwixesha apho abemi belizwe benza isigqibo sokufudukela kwindawo entsha ngenxa yeengxabano zomkhosi.
- ukufuduka kwekhonkco: ziqhutyelwa ngamaqela abantu, phakathi kwabo ingaba liqela lentsapho elithatha isigqibo sokufudukela kwindawo efanayo nookhokho babo.
- ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe: Ivelisa kwakhona ngamaxesha amafutshane, kwaye ngendlela engaqhelekanga, oko kukuthi, ukusuka kummandla ukuya kwisixeko esilikomkhulu, ukusuka kwisixeko ukuya kwi-megalopolis.
- ukufuduka ngamaxesha: Olu lufuduko olulawulwa ngumda wexesha elithile. Le yimeko yabo bantu bafudukayo ngenxa yezizathu zomsebenzi.
- Ukufuduka kwesetyhula okanye ukubuya: Kwenzeka xa umntu esiya kwelinye ilizwe aze emva kwexesha elithile abuyele kwilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa.
Iimbangela zokufuduka
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba ukufuduka kuphuhliswe, izizathu zingahluka, kwezinye iimeko ezinye zinzima ngakumbi kunabanye, nangona kunjalo yinyaniso engenakukhunjulwa. Ezinye zezi zizathu zezi zilandelayo:
- Ezoqoqosho Ngeentshukumisa zokufumana imithombo emitsha yengqesho, umgangatho ongcono wobomi, izizathu zokufunda, phakathi kwezinye. Oku kubonisa enye yezinto eziphambili iimpawu zokufuduka inani labantu, yiyo loo nto abantu abaninzi beshiya ilizwe labo lokuzalwa ngenxa yeemeko zoqoqosho.
- Ezentlalo: Ukungakhuseleki sesinye sezizathu zokuba abantu basoloko befuduka besuka kwelinye ilizwe besiya kwelinye. Oku kukukhangela ukhuseleko kunye nentlalontle yoluntu.
- Imigaqo-nkqubo: Ziphephe iingxabano zezopolitiko, imizabalazo karhulumente, ukungabikho kolungelelwaniso kunye nolawulo lwezibonelelo.
- Inkcubeko: Imfundo inendima ebalulekileyo kulo mba. Ukunqongophala kwamathuba yenye into ebalulekileyo. Amasiko esizwe anokuba yinkalo enomtsalane kwabo balangazelela ukutyelela ilizwe ngenjongo yokuhlala apho.
- Okusingqongileyo: Xa ilizwe lingenazo iimeko zemozulu nemekobume ezincomekayo, abemi baya kuchaphazeleka ngokwenene, yaye abemi balo abaninzi baya kukhangela indlela yokufudukela kwenye indawo.
- Eminye imiba: Ubukho bezinye izinto eziphuhliswayo kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo kwilizwe linokwahluka, nangona kunjalo, sisigqibo somntu kunye nesigqibo sokuthatha isigqibo sokushiya elinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye njengomphambukeli, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba imida. abaninzi.
Iziphumo zokufuduka
Iziphumo zisenokungabi ngoko nangoko. Nangona kunjalo ngokusebenzisa i iimpawu zokufuduka sinokubona ukuba ilizwe elixinene kakhulu linokuzisa imiphumo eyintlekele nefikelela kude. Phakathi kwabo ukugcwala kwabantu, kunye ne Iziphumo zempembelelo yokusingqongileyo, ukungabikho kolawulo lwentlalo phakathi kwezinye izinto. Kwezinye iimeko (hayi kuzo zonke) inxalenye yabemi abafudukela kwiLizwe idla ngokutshintsha isantya semimandla ethile, imeko yecandelo labasebenzi, ukungakhuseleki kunye neminye imiba yezomthetho.