Amabhabhathane luhlobo lwezinambuzane ezinokuthi, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwazo, zingothusa abantu ngemibala yazo emangalisayo, kodwa ngaba uyazazi? ibhabhathane le monarch? Aba baziwa ngokuhlala kuMntla Merika, nangona lakufika ixesha lokufuduka benza oko kwimifula emikhulu, bajoyine ukuze bafunde ngakumbi ngeli bhabhathane linomdla.
Olu hlobo lwebhabhathane lwaziwa njengelona lihle kakhulu ehlabathini, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo zalo, lenza iindlela ezinkulu zokufuduka ngexesha elithile lonyaka. Oku kufuduka kwabonwa okokuqala ziingcali zezinambuzane zaseKhanada uFred noNorah Urquhart, kunye naziingcali zendalo uKenneth C. Brugger kunye noCatalina Trail malunga nenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Iimpawu zeMonarch Butterfly
Ezi zinambuzane zineempawu ezahlukeneyo ezenza ukuba zizodwa kwiintlobo zazo kunye nobukumkani bamabhabhathane, ke ezi zezinye ze iimpawu ze amabhabhathane, Imiboniso yokuqala eyenziwe ngamabhabhathane e-monarch yaqala kwizifundo yisazi sendalo saseSweden uCarlos Linnaeus xa wayebhala umsebenzi wakhe othi Systema Naturae ngo-1758, kwincwadi ethi Monarch Butterflies kuthethwa ngayo phantsi kwePapilio genus.
Emva kweminyaka engama-22, ngonyaka ka-1780, uJan Krzysztof Kluk waqalisa ukusebenzisa eli bhabhathane njengemodeli yokufunda yohlobo olutsha lwe “Danaus”, olu luhlanga ekulo namhlanje. Noko ke, ibhabhathane alizange libizwe "inkosi" de izifundo zakhe zapapashwa ngo-1874, yingcali yezinambuzane zaseMelika kunye nepaleontologist uSamuel Hubbard Scudder. Kulo msebenzi yena ngokwakhe walichaza eli bhabhathane njengelikhulu nelilawulayo.
Olu hlobo lwamabhabhathane luyinxalenye yolu hlobo i-ditrisio lepidoptera ezibhekiselele ngokuthe ngqo kwintsapho yakwaNymphalidae. Ubude beli bhabhathane bujikeleze i-10 okanye i-11 cm, kunye nobunzima obusondele kwi-0,50 kunye ne-075 g, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba amabhabhathane amabhinqa alolu hlobo abhityile kodwa amaphiko awo anomjikelezo omkhulu wemithambo, kuba Kwelinye icala, inkunzi nayo inkulu kakhulu kwaye ikhupha iipheromones ngamaphiko akhe.
Bayakwazi ukuhlala ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezili-9, oku kukhuthazwa kukuba bevela kwisizukulwana esifudukayo baye bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngokulula neendawo ezahlukeneyo, oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo amaxesha angama-10 anethemba ngakumbi kunezinye iintlobo zamabhabhathane ahlala ngaphantsi kakhulu. .
Inkqubo yeMetamorphosis kwibhabhathane yemonarch
Olu hlobo lwamabhabhathane, njengazo zonke ezinye, kufuneka ludlule kwizigaba ezi-4 zotshintsho ukuze lube yibhabhathane, ezi zezi: iqanda, umbungu, ichrysalis kunye nebhabhathane. Kwaye kukuba xa sele iphumile eqandeni, ziqandusela ngoko nangoko ukuze zibe ngumbungu, zondle kwaye zityebe zide zibe ngumbungu, kulandele oku kwisigaba se-chrysalis, zijikelezwe yingxowa eya kukhusela. inkqubo elandelayo eya kuba libhabhathane.
Inkqubo nganye iya kuba nexesha elahlukileyo lokuqhuba elilandelayo, yonke into iya kuxhomekeka ikakhulu kwiqondo lobushushu kunye nexesha lonyaka ezinokufunyanwa ngalo. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, la mabhabhathane emonarch ngawona aphila ixesha elide xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo, kuba ayafuduka abizwa ngokuba “sisisizukulwana sikaMethusela”.
Ukutya
Ngokuqhelekileyo la mabhabhathane azalelwa emaphandleni okanye kwiindawo ezivulekileyo apho kufumaneka khona ingca kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo, kodwa umbuzo ngulo. Atya ntoni amabhabhathane emonarch? Ekubeni bengumqhaphu kukutya kwabo kokuqala, xa sele beqanduselwe emaqandeni baze babe yimibungu, batya iintsalela zeqokobhe leqanda emva koko batya kwezo zityalo zivelisa umqhaphu.
Kodwa ukondla ibhabhathane imonarch xa bebadala batshintsha ngokupheleleyo, kule meko badla incindi yeentyatyambo ezahlukeneyo, incindi ukuba pIbonelela ngawo onke amandla ayimfuneko ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yakho Ukufuduka, oku kuba iincindi zizityebi kwiswekile kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze baphile.
Ngokufanayo, xa ziqalisa inkqubo yazo yokufuduka ziye zimise kwiintyatyambo ngencindi ukuze zifumane amandla; Lakuba lifikile ixesha lasebusika, benza inkqubo yokufukama engantsonkothanga kwaphela, ekubeni betyile oko kuyimfuneko ukugcina amanqatha, nangona kufuneka balale kwindawo enamanzi akufutshane ukuze baphume baye kusela kancinci.
IMonarch Butterfly Habitat
Kuyo yonke le nto usenokuba uyazibuza, lihlala phi ibhabhathane imonarch, esi sinambuzane sifumaneka ikakhulu kummandla waseAfrika, emva koko siye sanwenwela eMntla nakuMzantsi Merika ukuya kutsho eNtshona Yurophu nakwezinye iindawo zaseOceania. Ngokuqhelekileyo zinokubonwa rhoqo kumazwe njengaye EKhanada, eUnited States, eMexico, ekugqibeleni eHawaii, eNew Guinea, eIndiya, kwiiSolomon Islands, eNew Zealand, eOstreliya nakwiiCanary Islands. Ngezihlandlo ezinqabileyo uye wangena eYurophu. Enye imfuneko abanayo xa behlala kwindawo kukuba akukho mozulu ibandayo, bayabuthanda ubushushu, ngoko bafuna iindawo ezinemozulu etshisayo.
Aziphatha njani amabhabhathane emonarch?
Musa ukukhohliswa yindlela ezi zinambuzane zincinane ngayo, ekubeni la mabhabhathane ethabatha uhambo olukhulu lokufuduka, ecinga ukuba awabhabhi kwindawo ephakamileyo kangako, anokubhabha phezu kwamachibi athile abalulekileyo abekwe eMelika ukuze afumane imozulu eshushu ayithandayo. kakhulu xa ixesha lekwindla lifika, into eyenziwa yinxalenye enkulu yezilwanyana zasendle zehlabathi, ukuba bashiye indawo yabo yokuthuthuzela baye kwiindawo ezibafaneleyo.
Ngokungathi oko akwanelanga, olu hlobo lwamabhabhathane e-monarch aneepateni zonyaka kubo bonke ubomi babo ngokwendawo apho baye banenkqubo ye-metamorphosis, umzekelo abo basuka kwimpuma yoMntla Melika bafuduka ekupheleni kwenyanga ka-Agasti ukuya eMexico kwaye Michoacán. Kubo, olu luhambo oluhle olunokuthi luqhube ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezi-2 apho amabhabhathane ebhabha ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-6000 ukuya kuthi xhaxhe kwindawo enemithi. oyamel, emva koku naxa kufika ixesha lasentwasahlobo, abuyela emantla. Ngelixa amabhabhathane aphuhliswe kwindawo esentshona, afuduka ngexesha lasebusika ukuya kumanxweme aseCalifornia, eMelika.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
Indlela amabhabhathane e-monarch azala ngayo iquka izigaba ezimbalwa ekufuneka zenziwe ngexesha lentwasahlobo, ngaphambi nje kokuba kuqaliswe inkqubo yokufuduka yokufukama, kwinqanaba lokuqala, ibizwa ngokuba "yi-aerial" ekubeni indoda ilandela. imazi aze amthathe, kulandele oku kuqalisa inqanaba "lomhlaba" ukuba emhlabeni indoda ikhwelana naye kwaye ichumise imazi ngokusebenzisa i-spermatophore. Emva kokuba oku kwenzeke, imazi iya kwindlwane yokuzalela kwaye ibeke amaqanda ayo ngaphakathi kwezityalo ze-milkweed. Emva kokuba izigaba ezi-4 ze-metamorphosis zidlulile malunga nenyanga enye, iqanda sele libe libhabhathane imonarch.
Ngaba iMonarch Butterflies isitshabalalisi?
Ngenxa yokuba amabhabhathane eemonarch aqhuba iinkqubo zokufuduka kwigquba elikhulu, abantu abaninzi baye bawajonga njengesitshabalalisi ekufuneka basilwe, nangona le nkqubo yokufuduka ibonwa "njengento esongelwayo" yiManyano yeHlabathi yeNdalo kunye neMithombo yeNdalo ngokwayo. IUCN ngokwayo, ngendlela efanayo baye baqwalasela ezi ntlobo "njengento esengozini yokuphela". Akulula kwaphela kula mabhabhathane ukwenza iinkqubo zawo zokufuduka xa imozulu ichasene nawo, amarhamncwa afana parakeets kwanezibulali-zinambuzane ezisetyenziswa ngabantu, kufuneka uziqonde!
Indlela yoKhuselo yeMonarch Butterflies
La mabhabhathane mancinci anendlela enika umdla yokuzikhusela kumarhamncwa awo, anemibala eyahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba akulo: tyheli nomnyama xa ezingubungu, kunye nombala o-orenji nomnyama xa ekwisigaba sawo sobudala, le mibala iyawalumkisa. amarhamncwa anetyhefu, le nkqubo yokufakwa kwemibala yokulumkisa amarhamncwa yindlela eye yavela ukutyhubela iminyaka, ekubeni iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ezinetyhefu zinemibala eqaqambileyo kwaye amarhamncwa sele esazi ukuba isenokuba yingcamango embi ukuzitya.
Baqala ukuphuhlisa le ndlela yokuzikhusela kuba bekwisigaba sombungu, kuba batya kakhulu izityalo ze-Asclepias, ezizizityalo ezinetyhefu, nangona kunjalo, nangona ziyakwazi ukuzikhusela kwezinye izilwanyana, azikhuselekanga ngokupheleleyo. ukuba zisidlo sangokuhlwa kwezinye iintlobo ezikhuselweyo kule tyhefu njengezinye iintaka, i-thickbills, i-tigrillo kunye nezinye. izilwanyana zasendle.