El ixhalanga Yintaka edla inyama efumaneka eMelika, eAfrika, eAsia, eIndiya, eYurophu nakwamanye amazwe ehlabathi, zaziwa ngokubeka amaxhoba azo esibhakabhakeni, zilindele ukuba zife kwaye zizitye ngemilomo yazo eyomeleleyo nexhathisayo. . Kule post uya kufunda kancinci malunga nokuzala kwabo, ukondla, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Ukutya
Ivulture yintaka enkulu kakhulu kwaye inzima, le ntaka yintaka edla inyama, enomlomo omkhulu, ayilingani kunye nosilarha; Intamo yayo ende yeze igqunywe ziintsiba ezincinci ezimhlophe eziyenza ibe nenkangeleko ekhethekileyo, iyakwazi ukwahluka kwaye kuphawulwe ukuba emazantsi ayo inentsimbi yomqala eshinyeneyo nemangalisayo eneentsiba ezintle ngokusebenzisa esi silwanyana.
Olunye lwezona ntlobo ziphambili zamaxhalanga lixhalanga elibizwa ngokuba yi-griffon vulture, ebizwa ngokuba yintaka kumazwe aliqela. iintaka ezidla umzi Eli gama linelo gama ngenxa yeethoni ezimdaka ezahlukeneyo kunye nezahlukeneyo ezifumaneka kuwo wonke umzimba wayo. Uphawu olwahlukileyo lweempawu zaso kukuba unamachokoza amabini amancinane anempandla esifubeni sakho, ezi zibonakalisa ulusu olurozi lwesilwanyana kunye nobunzulu bemo yaso.
Izixhobo
Ezi, ngaphezu kweentsiba zabo ezikhangayo, zineenzipho ezinkulu, ekuhambeni kwexesha ziye zaphulukana namandla angaphambili eentaka ezizingela inyama, ezi nzipho zinemiphetho emibini emide nezibhityileyo kwizikhonkwane ezisetyenzisiweyo, kodwa okoko nje kunjalo, oko inokubonisa ukuba ixhalanga aliziphilisa ngokuzingela. Abona bantu banzima kakhulu badla ngokuba phakathi kwe-120 yeesentimitha kunye namaphiko angaphezulu kweemitha ezi-2 kunye nesiqingatha, kunye nobunzima obuphantse bube yi-11 yeekhilogram.
Ezi zilwanyana, nje ngeengoma zazo, kulula ukwahlula ezo zingabantu abadala kwezo bezikhula. Owangaphambili ubonisa umbala ogqwethekileyo ngakumbi kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha ubeka umphetho wawo wonke kunye nomlomo onombala wethambo.
Kweli nqanaba lihambele phambili, i-iris yeliso ibonakaliswa ngombala waselwandle ngelixa, kwelinye icala, ezo zincinci zidla ngokubonisa imibala eyahlukileyo eyomeleleyo, njengakwintsiba yazo, entle emdaka ngokukhanyayo, kwaye koku. Isigaba umlomo usamile Umnyama kwaye unamehlo amnyama. Ezinye iingcali zithi umahluko omncinci kubukhulu kunye nokumila kokakayi.
Imikhondo ebonakalayo enokunceda ukwahlula amadoda kwabasetyhini yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-dimorphism ngokwesondo, nto leyo kule meko kunzima ukuyicacisa, kulula ukuyiqonda xa ibhabha ngokupheleleyo, kuba i-silhouette yabo xa isemoyeni. ibonwe ngamaphiko amakhulu eencam ezingqukuva ezigqityiweyo kwiintsiba kwaye zahlulwe ngendlela enika owona mbono udumileyo weentlobo.
Kulapho ke iintsiba zamaphiko kunye nezo zomsila omfutshane omile okwefeni zibemnyama ngokupheleleyo, imigca emhlophe ixhaphakile kwaye intsalela yentsiba imdaka kakhulu kweyona incinci kwaye imnyama kumancinci.
Ezi zilwanyana aziqhwabezi amaphiko azo naluphi na uhlobo, ekubeni kubonakala ngathi zikhululekile ukuba zihambe kwaye injalo, imitha yelanga yokuqala ifudumeza inkitha ethile yomoya othi, ngenxa yokungafani kobushushu kunye noxinzelelo, imisinga eyaziwayo yokunyuka kweqondo lobushushu, ubutyebi bendalo obukwaziyo ukuxhaphaza ezi ntaka.
Iingenelo zale nkqubo yokubhabha ziyabonakala ukuba ezi ntaka zinzima ziqhubela phambili esibhakabhakeni zisebenzisa amandla amancinane yaye, ukuba imozulu iyavuma, zihamba uhambo olude zifuna ukutya, ngaloo ndlela zikwazi ukuzahlula kwiindlwane zazo ezingaphezu kwe-100. iikhilomitha. Imisinga eyahlukeneyo isetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zelo xesha, ezinye zisetyenziselwa ukufumana ukuphakama.
Umoya wasekuseni ngumthombo wendalo kwaye ngokwenene uyasebenza kwaye uqhelekileyo ezintabeni. Imisinga yomoya engqubana kwiintlambo nayo iyasetyenziswa kwaye nangona eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokushukuma iqhutywa ngamanqanaba atshintshanayo okunyuswa okujikelezayo okulandelwa ziindlela ezide ezithe tye apho ngokuthe ngcembe ziphulukana nobude, kodwa Bayifumana njani le misinga yomoya baze bafikelele umgama omde kangaka esibhakabhakeni?
Kuye kwaqinisekiswa ukuba amanye amaxhalanga alindele umhlaba ongaphezulu kwe-3.000 yeemitha zokuphakama kwaye nokuba anombono ochaneke kakhulu, ahlala ewufumana ngombono ophuhlileyo wobugcisa. Ukubona kubaluleke kakhulu kuwo onke amaxhalanga, phakathi kwawo lo ngumgaqo wegolide kuba kwintsebenziswano eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungalahlekana, ke ngoko, bonke abantu kwiqela baya kuzama ukufumana ummelwane okufutshane.
Ngamanye amazwi, baluka uthungelwano lwamaxhalanga adibeneyo kwaye ukuba imini ilungile, kuya kuba ngumcimbi wexesha ngaphambi kokuba umntu afumane into abayifunayo bonke. Amaxhalanga aziwa ngokuzigcina ngokubakho kwezinye iintaka, ezingqonge inkokeli yepaki ukuze zifumane ukutya. Abokuqala ukuzingela phantse basoloko beneempondo, amahlungulu, njl.
Olunye uphawu olumangalisayo nolunomdla lwendalo kukuba ngaphambi kokutya inyama ezingelwayo, phantse isoloko ibangela umdaniso obethayo malunga nenyama. Babonisa iipeki, ukutyhala, kunye nokukrwempa xa bezingela kwaye baphawule imigaqo ebekwe yindlala, enokuthi ivule amaphiko abo ngokubanzi ukukhulisa ubungakanani bazo kwaye ngaloo ndlela boyikise, baqhubele phambili kwaye bazolule iintamo zabo, okanye babonise iinzipho zabo ezibuthathaka ngaphambili njengophawu lwesisongelo. .
Zonke ezi zizicwangciso eziqondakala lula ezoyikisayo kunye nezijekulo. Into ebalulekileyo kumaxhalanga kukubonisa kwaye ahlonitshwe, kwaye ukuba oku kungasebenzi kuyingozi kuwo ekubeni ezona zilwanyana zilawulayo azilibazisi ukuwahlasela ngokuthe ngqo. Embindini wokulwa, ukuveliswa kwamathe kwezi zilwanyana kukubi, konke oku kukubonakalisa ukulungelelaniswa okumangalisayo kokutya kwezi zilwanyana.
Iincindi zayo ezintsonkothileyo zesisu zisebenza njengechiza lendalo ngokuchasene nezifo ezibulalayo zokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza koko, kunokuqwalaselwa ukuba amaxhalanga adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni imeko yezempilo yamasimi ethu kunye nehlabathi, i-ecosystem.
Ixhalanga lizibonakalise lixhomekeke kakhulu kwimihlambi yemfuyo yabantu kwaye, emva kokuba iminyaka emnyama yobhubhani benkomo neehagu yoyiswe, imeko yamaxhalanga iphinde yazinza ngokumangalisayo, nangona ukoyikiswa okuqhubekayo kweentshaba zezi ntaka kunokubangela. amaxhoba amaninzi ukuwa kwaye abenze inxalenye yenkqubo yakho yokutya kuphela.
Iintlobo zamaxhalanga
Xa kusithwa amaxhalanga, kubhekiselwa kubini Iintlobo zeentaka abangenalo unxulumano olukhulu omnye komnye, la maqela anokubizwa ngokuba ngawehlabathi elidala nalawo ehlabathi elitsha, kuwo ngamnye kukho uthotho lweeyantlukwano ezinkulu:
- Amaxhalanga eHlabathi Elidala: Aba iya kuba ngamaxhalanga angawosapho I-Accipitridae apho amaxhalanga kunye ne-goshawks nazo zibandakanyiwe, ngokubanzi ezi ntlobo zifumaneka kumazwekazi ase-Afrika, e-Asia naseYurophu.
- Amaxhalanga eHlabathi Elitsha: Eli qela lesibini liquka okubizwa ngokuba ngamaxhalanga aseMelika, aquka iicondor. Enyanisweni, amaxhalanga aseMelika awanxulumananga ngokwenene namaxhalanga eHlabathi eliDala. Babizwa njalo ngenxa yokuba bahlala eMelika.
Ukutya
Iiphiramidi ze-ikholoji yindlela esebenzayo yokuqonda umjikelo wobomi ontsonkothileyo, owokutya nokungatyiwa. Amarhamncwa kunye namarhamncwa amakhulu aphila ubomi obusekwe ekusukeleni, ekuzingeleni nasekubulaleni ezinye izilwanyana ekubeni ezondla kuzo.
Amandla kule meko adluliselwa ngokusisiseko ngokugqithiswa kwenyama, i-ghouls okanye iintaka ezidla umzi Bathwesa umphezulu wephiramidi yetrophic, aba badla izidumbu banamava bazalisekisa umsebenzi obalulekileyo wezempilo kwindalo, ngaloo ndlela bekhupha imithombo eyosulelayo kunye nenkunkuma ukuba into abayenzayo ingcolisa iplanethi.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
ESpain, ikholoni exhasa inani elikhulu labantu bolu hlobo lunezibini ezingaphezu kwama-680 ezibhalisiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwaye ubomi babo buphawulwe ngokunzulu ngexesha lokuzala. Inzondelelo, ukwakha indlwane kunye nokukhulisa amantshontsho kucingela ukuzinikela okupheleleyo malunga neenyanga ezilithoba eziqhubekayo apho kungekuphela nje iimazi ezijongene nokunyamekela amaqanda, kodwa kunye namadoda anomsebenzi.
Ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, abantu abadala abaphumli kwaye indiza ehambelanayo yenye yezinto ezikhethekileyo zexhalanga malunga nokuthandana, kuba ngamanye amaxesha inkunzi nemazi zibambana phakathi kwendiza. Enye ye Iimpawu zeentaka ukuba kuphela ezinye iintlobo, kukuba izibini amaxhalanga sithembeke ubomi kunye nabathandi bafikelela kuvuthondaba zabo imidlalo acrobatic kunye domes ngokuphindaphindiweyo phezu etyeni.
Indlela ezi zilwanyana ezikhetha ngayo ukuhlala kwazo kule mihla inye ngoDisemba xa zilungiselela indlwane, nangona kule ngqiqo zingabakhi abagqwesileyo, kodwa zichitha ixesha kwindawo efanelekileyo yesidleke, zihlala ziphepha ukuqhelanisa nommandla ongasentla. ukukhangela apho kunokwenzeka iindonga ezinophahla kunye nemiqolomba. Xa le nto yakhiwe, babeka iqanda elinye malunga neesentimitha ezili-9.
Indoda nebhinqa babelana ngomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu beqanda alehli ngaphantsi kwe-42 degrees Celsius ixesha elide njengoko oku kunokubaluleka, kwaye nangona ibhinqa liya kuhlala libonisa ukuzinikela okukhulu kulo mba kulo lonke ixesha lokuzala, zombini. abazali Baya kuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo omnye komnye kwaye akukho mvula okanye ikhephu liya kubathintela aba bazali banenkani ukuba bafumane ummangaliso wobomi emva kweenyanga ezimbini ezinde.
Ukuba ukondla kuchanekile, umntwana utshintsha ukubonakala kwakhe ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo, kudlula iikhilogram ezi-2 kwiintsuku ezingama-30 zokuqala. Ukubekw’ esweni kwabantu abadala kubaluleke kakhulu kweli nqanaba lingenakuzikhusela, kuba intshukumo engalungelelaniswanga kakuhle, okanye ukufuna ukwazi nje komntwana, kunokubangela ukuwa kwindlwane ngeziphumo ezibulalayo.
Yonke imihla ilanga elibengezelayo kunye nemitha yalo linokuba nempembelelo enkulu kwaye ukuba songeza kuloo nto imvula kunye nemimoya enamandla yasentabeni, kuya kuba lula ukuqonda ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba ezi zilwanyana zithembele kwikhusi elikhuselayo lemizimba emikhulu. abantu abadala.
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala abazali baya kuba yiyo yonke into kwixhalanga elincinci, ukuzisa ukutya okulindelwe ixesha elide kunye nokulindela ixesha elide kugcinwe ngobusuku babo, kwaye emva kokuba ixesha lokuzala liphelile, iindlwane ezilahliwe kunye neentsalela ezisasazeke kwindawo zikhumbuza. ukuba inkululeko yabantu abancinci, iinqwelomoya zabo zokuqala, nangona zixakile, kungekudala zibakhokelela ekuphononongeni iikona ezikufutshane phambi kwehlabathi.
Ekupheleni kweli nqanaba, balungiselela ukwenza uhambo olude lokufuduka ukuya eAfrika, okanye ubuncinane yiloo nto uninzi lwezi zilwanyana zenzayo, ucelomngeni oluya kufuneka ukuba luyibambe ngokugqibeleleyo imithetho yomoya, efuna, ngokufanayo, igalelo elikhulu lokutya okuqinisekisa ukuxhathisa kwakho.
Ukusebenzisa amaphiko kubalulekile kwaye amaxhalanga ayayazi loo nto, yiyo loo nto le nto iba sisenzo semihla ngemihla kwezi zilwanyana, zishiya ubuntwana ngasemva zingena kwixesha lokufikisa eliya kuthi emva kweminyaka emine lifikelele kuvuthondaba ngobushushu babo bokuqala, mzuzu apho baya kukhangela khona. kwiqabane baze bazame ukolula usapho lwabo ezintabeni okanye kwanendlwana eyababona bezalwa baze bazala.
ULeonardo Vulture
Iintlobo igyps fulvus Njengoko inzululwazi isazi i-griffon vulture, iintlobo zayo zinwenwela kuwo wonke ummandla we-arctic okhanyayo kunye nomntla-ntshona we-Afrika, ukuya kumbindi we-Asia, i-Arabia kunye ne-Iran. Inani elibalulekileyo labantu base-Iberia, entshonalanga, limele i-95% yabemi baseYurophu bonke, ngelixa eSpeyin ngoku isanda ngokucothayo kwaye nangona ingaqhelekanga kakhulu ukuba ezi zilwanyana ziqhelane neendawo ezinxwemeni, kutshanje ziye zafikelela kwiiBalearic Islands. nto leyo ethetha isiganeko esibalulekileyo.
Ukunqunyulwa kwemilambo nazo zonke iindidi zeentaba ziye zakhiwa ngokutsha ngempumelelo kule minyaka ingama-30 idluleyo, oku kuye kwabangela ukuba kweminye imimandla udidi lwazo lwangaphambili lwezilwanyana ezisengozini luthatyathelw’ indawo zizinto ezibangela umdla ngokukhethekileyo.
Ukhuseleko olunikezelwa yile ndlela yokuphila eyingozi yexhalanga yenye yezitshixo zempumelelo yayo njengohlobo, ngale ndlela bakhetha ezona ndonga zithe nkqo kunye nemiphetho ebalaseleyo yokuhlalisa kwiindawo ezikholisa ngokwenene ezi zilwanyana, ekubeni bona baya kufuna intuthuzelo yabo nalapho baziva bekhululekile.
Kwiindawo zabo zokuhlala, kufuphi nabo okanye naphi na apho amabala amhlophe anokubonwa nakweliphi na ilitye, intaba okanye nasemhlabeni, kuyafana nokuba amaxhalanga ahlala khona kuba la mabala abangelwa kukuqokelelana kwelindle kwaye oku kuyindlela elula yokuqonda. naphi na. Kudla ngokuba mnandi ukubona ezi ntaka zokwenyani ziphila mgama, ezibomi bazo obunxulunyaniswa ngokunzulu neenqaba ezinkulu zamatye ezijinga esibhakabhakeni ezimelwa njengeendlwana zazo.
Nangona kukho iimeko ezimbalwa zokuhlalisana kweqela ngaphakathi komyalelo weentaka ezidliwayo ezidliwayo (into ethi ezinye iintlobo ezingena kwiqela leentaka zabelana ngayo). iiraptors zasebusuku), ixhalanga lithatha ngokufanelekileyo izibonelelo ezinikelwa bubomi eluntwini, olu hlobo lwenza iibhanti zokwenyani apho iintaka ezininzi zihlala khona.