Ngale posi unokufunda okuninzi malunga ne UbuBhuda beZen, ukusebenza kwayo, ngaphezu kwemvelaphi yayo yaseTshayina kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwisikolo saseJapan esisondelelene nokucamngca kunye nokunye okuninzi kweli nqaku elinomdla.Ungayeki ukuyifunda!
Yintoni iZen Buddhism malunga nayo?
Sisikolo seZen okanye iMahayana Buddhism enemvelaphi ngexesha lobukhosi bamaTang eyaziwa ngokuba yiChán ekubizweni kwaloo lwimi xa kubandakanywa izikolo zaseJapan zeZen, le filosofi intsha yaziwa ngegama elithi Zen, elisisifinyezo se igama likaZenna.
Eli gama ekubizweni kwalo ngesiJapan kukwahluka kwegama lesiTshayina elithi Cháná elisuka kwigama lesiSanskrit elibhalwe njenge dhyana elibhekisa kuCando kwaye lithetha ukufunxwa kwengqondo kunye nomnye wootitshala bolu qeqesho lwemvelaphi yaseJapan uDaisetsu Teitaro suzuki.
Uyithelekisa negama elithi zazen, elithi ngolwimi lwesiMandarin laziwa ngokuba zuóchán, eliguqulelwa kwiSpanish ngokuthi UkuHlala Ukucamngca.
I-Zen Buddhism ibonakalisa ukucamngca ngelixa ihleli njengowona mgangatho uphambili ekusebenzeni kwayo, eyaziwa ngegama elithi zazen, ngenjongo yokuqonda ubume bengqondo, kuba oku kuyimfuneko ukuva ubume obuyintetho emele le ndlela yemihla ngemihla. ubomi ngobungqina babanye abantu buthetha ukubuyela kwimeko yendalo yokubakho.
Ke ngoko, iZen Buddhism ityekele ekuhlukaniseni inxalenye yengqondo kwaye igxile ekuqondeni okuthe ngqo okwaziwa ngegama elithi Prajña ngokukhokelwa ngutitshala oyingcaphephe kwizinto zokomoya, kuba idluliselwa ngokusuka entliziyweni ukuya entliziyweni ukusuka kutitshala ukuya kumfundi ukuziqhelanisa.
Ngokumalunga nokufunda kweZen Buddhism, ukufundwa kweengcinga ezinxulumene neTathagatagarbha, Yogachara, Lankavatara Sutra, Huayan kunye neBodhisattava iyadingeka kwi-introspection kunye nokufunda okuhambelana neengcinga zePrajñaparamita kunye neMadhyamaka.
Impembelelo ye-apophatic kunye ne-heterodox ingcinga yobuchule beZen nayo iyabonwa. Apho ukuziqhelanisa kwakhe kubonakaliswa kukucamngca okuhleliyo njengeyona ndawo iphambili yokufikelela ekukhanyeni.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba u-Shakyamuni Buddha wavumela ukuvuswa kwe-Zen posture kwi-XNUMXth yenkulungwane ye-AD, ngoko ke amava athunyelwa ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana ukusuka kootitshala ukuya kubafundi babo, benza i-Zen Buddhism.
Ukongeza, iZen Buddhism ifikelele eNtshona ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX ngokuziqhelanisa nekarati, ubugcisa beentyatyambo, imisitho yeti yayo kunye nezitiya zaseJapan ezimangalisayo, apho uninzi lwamagcisa adumileyo, iinkcuba-buchopho, ababhali kunye neentanda-bulumko bazibandakanya nolu qeqesho. ngokusebenza kwayo okusivumela ukuba siguqule isimo sethu sengqondo ngokumanyana nendalo iphela.
Imvelaphi yaseTshayina yeZen Buddhism
Yayisaziwa okokuqala kweli lizwe liyintsomi ngeenguqulelo ezenziwe nguAn Shigao owazalelwa eFloruit kwidolophu yaseCirca ngonyaka we-148 waza wafa ngonyaka we-180 kwidolophu ye-CE ukongezelela kuKumarajiva owathi. wazalwa ngo-334 waza wafa ngowama-413 CE.
Babephethe ukuguqulela iitekisi ezininzi ezinxulumene nokucamngca kwemfundiso ye-yogacaras kwi-Dhyana Sutras yeSikole saseSarvastivada sedolophu yaseKashmir phakathi kwe-XNUMXst kunye ne-XNUMXth inkulungwane AD.
Kubalulekile ukuqaqambisa iinguqulelo ezibhekiselele kukucamngca ngesiTshayina ebenempembelelo enkulu eyenziwe nguAnban Shouyi Jing kwiSutra ye anapanasmrti, uZuochan Sanmei Jing malunga neSutra ehleli udhyana samadhi kunye noDamoduoluo Chan Jing owayephethe ukuguqulela iDharmatrata. dhyana Sutra.
Ngale mibhalo yokuqala, impembelelo yabakho kwiZen Buddhism ukusukela ngelo xesha ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuba ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX inkosi egama linguRinzai Torei Enji yabhala amagama ambalwa ebhekisa kuDamoduoluo Chan Jing, apho wathatha imbono yomnye. umbhali uZuochan Sanmei Chan Jing njengoko wayecinga ukuba umbhali uDamaduoluo Chan Jing ubhalwe nguBodhidharma.
Kukho iiyantlukwano ezithile malunga negama elithi dhyana kuba kwiBuddhism yaseTshayina linxulunyaniswa neendawo ezine zokucamngca ngelixa kwiZen Buddhism ivezwa njengeendlela zokucamngca ezilungiselela ukuziqhelanisa ne-dhyana, ukudibanisa iindlela ezintlanu ezibalulekileyo kukucamngca njengoko zinjalo.
I-anapanasmrti enxulumene nokukhumbula ukuphefumla ilandelwa yi-patikulamanasikara apho umntu ucamngca ukunikela ingqalelo kwizinto ezingcolileyo emzimbeni. Qhubeka nokucamngca kukamaitri okubhekiselele kububele bothando. Ilandelwa kukuzola konxibelelwano olulishumi elinambini lwepratiyasamutpada kwaye ekugqibeleni yimfihlakalo kuBuddha.
Ngokwembono yenkosi yaseChán egama linguSheng Yen, ezi zenzo zintlanu zaziwa njengeendlela ezintlanu okanye amanyathelo okuthomalalisa ingqondo ngokucamngca ukuze kugxilwe kwaye kuhlanjululwe ingqondo esekelwe kwezi zenzo.Izigaba ze-dhyana.
Ukongezelela, le nkosi ye-Chán isebenzisana nokuphunyezwa kweziseko ezine zokukhumbula ingqondo eyaziwa ngegama elithi smrtyupasthana, ukongeza kwiingcango ezintathu zenkululeko ezaziwa ngamagama athi sunyata ngaphandle kwentsingiselo okanye i-animitta kunye negama elithi apranihita ngaphandle komnqweno, elihambelana neBuddhism. Ngaphambi kwexesha kunye neMahayaba egcina isithethe.
Inyathelo lokuqala ukuzijonga
Ngokuphathelele uphando lukaJohn R. McRae malunga nefilosofi ye-master Chán, ifumaneka kwiSikolo seNtaba yaseMpuma. Apho indlela igxininisa ukugcina ubume bengqondo ngaphandle kokuxengaxenga ekugxininiseni.
Ukuqonda kunye nokukhanyisa ngokuziqhelanisa okungaqhelekanga kuba kwakungekho manyathelo okulandelwa ukufezekisa ukucamngca, kodwa kunoko kwakungemizekelo ye-heuristic ngenjongo yokutyhila ubume bengqondo.
Imibhalo enxulumene neChán Meditation
Ngokutsho kweencwadi zokuqala zokucamngca kukaChán, imizekelo yokucamngca efana ne-Mahayana Buddhism yafundiswa, enye yazo eyaziwa kakhulu yi-Treatise kwizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuhlakulela ingqondo apho kuchazwe khona imiyalelo yeSikolo seNtaba yaseMpuma. .
Oku kufuna ukubonwa kwediski yelanga efana kakhulu neSutra yoQhagamshelwano lweBuddha Amitayus. AmaBhuda aseTshayina athatha imbopheleleko yokuzenzela eyawo imifuziselo yokufundisa kunye nemibhalo, enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo yileyo kaTiantai Zhiyi ohlonitshwayo.
Ukuba yaba yenye yeencwadi zokuqala ukuxelisa iTso-chan-i eguqulelwe kulwimi lwesiCastilian njengeMigaqo yokucamngca ehleliyo eyabhencwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Iimodeli eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukucamngca
Ngezantsi siza kuchaza ezinye zeemodeli ezifanelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kukucamngca:
Ukunyamekela ngokupheleleyo umoya
Ngexesha lokucamngca okuhlala kusetyenziswa kwiZen Buddhism, abantu bathatha indawo yokuhlala kunye negama elithi lotus position.Oku kufuna isikwere okanye umqamelo ongqukuva kwimethi ethambileyo ukuze umntu ahlale kuyo.
Ngenjongo yokukwazi ukuqeqesha ingqondo, abafundi beZen Buddhism bajongene nokubala ukuphefumla okuthathiweyo, kuquka ukuphefumla kunye nokuphefumla, kungenziwa ukuya kwinani leshumi kwaye inkqubo yokubala iqaliswe kwakhona de ingqondo izolile.
Kukho iiyantlukwano ezifana nezo zeenkosi zeZen kule meko i-Omori Sogen evumela ukuphefumla okubanzi nokunzulu kunye nokuphefumla ukuvumela umzimba ukuba ucamngce ngokuphefumla ngokwesiqhelo. Ingqwalasela kufuneka igxile kumandla aphuma ngaphantsi kwenkaba.
Ke ngoko, kwiZen Buddhism, ukuphefumla kwe-diaphragmatic kusetyenziswa apho ukuphefumla kufuneka kuqale kwindawo esezantsi yesisu ukuze le nxalenye yomzimba wethu ibonakale, kufuneka yandise kancinci kwaye ngokwemvelo phambili ngelixa ukuphefumla kusenziwa. Ngokusebenzisa esi sixhobo siluncedo ukuphefumla kuya kubathambile, kucothe kwaye kunzulu.
Ngoku, ukuba ukubalwa kokuphefumla kwiZen Buddhism kuba ngumqobo ekwenzeni i-samadhi, isiqhelo sokuva isingqi somoya ngokwemvelo ngelixa ingqalelo igxile kuyo iyacetyiswa.
Ukuhlala Ukucamngca kunye nokuKhanya okuthe cwaka
Kwi-Zen Buddhism, ukucamngca okuhleliyo kuhambelana nokuKhanya okuThulileyo, ngokwemigaqo yolu qheliselo kunxulumene nesikolo seCaodong yemveli kwaye kuphenjelelwa sisithandi sobulumko sobugcisa uHongzhi Zhengjue owazalwa ngonyaka we-1091 waza wafa ngonyaka we-1157 ngubani. wayephethe iincwadi ezininzi ezithetha ngalo mkhuba.
Ivela kuqheliselo lwaseIndiya lobuBhuda ngomanyano lwesamatha kunye nevippasyana eyaziwa ngokuba yiyuganaddha. Enye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu kukucamngca okumbaxa-mbili okungenanto eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Hongzhi practice.
Apho umntu ophethe ukucamngca enoxanduva lokuqonda ukuphelela kwezenzo endaweni yokugxila kwinto enye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ukuzicingela, ukuqiqa, ubumbano lwesihloko okanye into.
Yenye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiZen Buddhism, ngakumbi kwifilosofi yeSoto, apho yaziwa phantsi kwegama elithi shikantaza, elithetha ukuhlala nje okanye isithethantonye sayo, ukuhlala nje.
Oku kuthetheleleka kunokufumaneka kwiFukanzazengi eguqulelwe kwisiSpanishi Imiyalelo eCetyisiweyo jikelele yeZazen ukusukela oko iZen Buddhism inendlela eyahlukileyo kwiBuddhism yaseTshayina.
Iimpawu eziphambili zikaHuatou kunye noKoans
Kulawulo lweTang kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo ukufunda izihloko ezinxulumene neemfundiso zeZen Buddhism ngeengxoxo okanye amabali apho ubudlelwane phakathi kwenkosi yeZen nabafundi bakhe babucaciswa, nto leyo evumela umbono womqeqeshi ukuba ubonwe. Ngokubhekiselele kwiiKoans, bavumela ukuba babonise ingqiqo engeyiyo yombono eyaziwa ngokuba yi-prajña.
Kamva, kwinzala kaSóng, indlela entsha yokucamngca yaye yathandwa kakhulu ngemifanekiso efana neDahui, enembopheleleko yokuqwalasela eli binzana ngokulidibanisa negama okanye ibinzana, oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kwizizwe ezifana neKorea, iChina neJapan. Ummeli wayo ophakamileyo yinkosi yemvelaphi yaseKorea uChinul owazalwa ngonyaka we-1158 kwaye wafa ngonyaka we-1210.
Ukongeza kwezinye iinkosi ezifana noSheng Yen kunye noXu Yun, ngoko ke kwiZen Buddhism Master Rinzai wenza i-abstract yegama elithi Koan, elawula ukuphuhlisa isimbo sakhe ngezifundo ezisemthethweni ngokuziqhelanisa neyona nto ilula ukuya kweyona inzima.
Ngokufanayo, udliwano-ndlebe lwangasese olubizwa ngokuba yi-daisan, sanzen okanye i-dokusan kulindeleke ukuba baqaphele ukuqonda kwabo kokomoya ngeempendulo abazivezayo ukuze bakhokele umfundi, ngoko ke ukusebenzisana kubalulekile kwi-Zen Buddhism, nangona le ndlela yesenzo inokungaqondwa.
Kwi-Zen Buddhism, uphando lwe-Koan lunokwenziwa ngelixa ucamngca ngendlela ehleliyo ukongeza kwi-Kinhim ukhetho olubhekiselele kukucamngca ngelixa uhamba kunye nokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngenjongo yokufumana indalo yokwenyani ngokukhululeka kokugqibela. ukususa ungcoliseko.
Nianfo Chan
Inxulumene nenkumbulo kaBuddha kwaye isetyenziselwa ukucamngca ngokuphindaphinda igama likaBuddha Amitabha ngelixa kwisizwe saseChina, ubuBuddha obunxulumene neLizwe elinyulu, ibinzana elithi Nāmó Āmítuófó kufuneka lifundwe, elilixabiso ku-Amitabha. Okufanayo kwamkelwa ngala manani alandelayo aseTshayina uYongming Yanshou, uTianru Weize kunye noZhongfen Mingben.
Ekupheleni kobukhosi bakwaMing, ezi zenzo zadityaniswa kunye nokucamngca kukaChan ngabantu uHanshan Dequing kunye noYunqui Zhuhong.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ikwasetyenziswa kwisikolo saseJapan ngokuziqhelanisa nembutsu kōan kwimfundiso yeObaku.
Ubuhle kunye nezibhambathiso ezenziwa kwiZen Buddhism
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-Zen Buddhism iyingxenye ye-Mahayana Buddhism echongwa kunye nentanda-bulumko ye-bodhisattva ecinga ukuba isebenzise iimpawu ezinqamlekileyo ukuze zifezekiseke ngokwemiqathango yegama layo elithi paramita, Ch. bōluómì, Jp. I-Baramitsu idityaniswe nesibhambathiso se-bodhisattva.
Ezi mpawu zibalaseleyo zibandakanya imiba emithandathu yokuziphatha edibanisa imimiselo emihlanu, isisa, uqeqesho lokuziphatha, amandla okanye umgudu, umonde, ubulumko kunye nokucamngca. Enye yeencwadi ezivumela ukufundiswa kwakhe ziimfundiso ze-Avatamsaka Sutra apho iidigri zebhumi kwindlela eya kwi-bodhisattva zibaliswa kwakhona.
Ezi pāramitās zisetyenziswa kwiincwadi zokuqala ze-Chan kwi-Zen Buddhism enesihloko okanye eyaziwa ngokuba ngamaNgeno amabini kunye neZiqhelo ezine zeBodhidharma Ingcamango evumela umkhuba osesikweni kunye nomkhosi wokuba umntu abeke amatye amathathu ekusebenzeni.
Ezi zihlobene noBuddha okanye ukhanyiso, i-Dharma ibhekiselele ekuqondeni okupheleleyo kunye ne-sangha ehambelana nobunyulu obusisiseko kunye ne-Chinese Buddhist practice kwi-Zen Buddhism i-zhairi yokuzila ukutya okanye iguqulelwe kwiintsuku zokuzila ukutya zaseSpain njengenxalenye yoqeqesho.
Ukulima ngokwasemzimbeni kwiZen Buddhism
I-karate kunye nezifundo zomkhosi nazo zinxulunyaniswa neZen Buddhism ngenxa yemibhalo eyenziwe ngolu hlobo lobomi, isukela emva kwempembelelo ye-Monastery yaseShaolin e-Henan, ukuphuhlisa ukusungulwa kobugcisa be-gongfu.
Ngoko ke ekupheleni kobukhosi bakwaMing obu bugcisa bokulwa babuxhaphake kakhulu ukwenziwa kwaye kuncwadi lwelo xesha bunokuphawulwa ngokunjalo nomkhosi onyanzelisayo wendlu yeemonki iShaolin ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibini apho kwakusenziwa umthambo womzimba onxulumene nobuTao.
Njengokuphefumla kunye nezenzo zokulima amandla ezaziwa ngokuba yi-qígong, ephucula amandla angaphakathi ngokubonga kwimithambo yonyango yempilo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide, eyaziwa ngegama elithi yangsheng, ukuvumela inkululeko yokomoya.
Omnye wabameli bayo abakhulu kwizenzo zobuTao nguWang Zuyuan owazalwa ngo-1820 waza wasweleka ngo-1882 njengoko wayengumphengululi omkhulu kunye nomphathiswa owayefunda kwimonki yaseShaolin enesihloko esithi Illustrated Exhibition of Internal Techniques apho iziqwenga ezisibhozo zelaphu ezinobukhulu obukhulu. impembelelo yonqulo evela kumnombo kaMing.
Njengoko kungqinwe kwi-Zen Buddhism, ukwamkelwa kwemisebenzi yokulima yangaphakathi kwisithethe sikaShaolin ukwenzela ukulungelelanisa umzimba wenyama kunye nokuvumela ukugxininiswa kokusingqongileyo ukuqonda ngokomoya. Ngoko ke ubugcisa bokulwa bunoxanduva lokunika isiqhelo kubugcisa bokulwa kunye negama elithi budō
Ewe, iZen Buddhism kwisizwe saseJapan yamkelwa yindlu kaHojo ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, omnye wawona manani anempembelelo ngumfundisi uRinzai Takuan Sōhō ngenxa yemibhalo yakhe ehambelana nale nkcubeko edityaniswe ne-budō ukwenza izenzo zokulwa. amaSamurai awayeyingcungela emkhosini eyalawula ilizwe kangangeenkulungwane.
Kwanesi sikolo saseRinzai sithatha ubuchule bamandla kwinkcubeko yeTaoist eyaziswa nguHakuin owazalwa ngo-1686 waza wafa ngo-1769 owathatha ubuchule kwi-hermit egama linguHakuyu.
Ngubani owamvumela ukuba aphilise iingxaki zempilo ezahlukeneyo ngokuziqhelanisa ngamandla kwezi ziqhelo ezaziwa ngegama elithi naikan, egxininisa ingqondo kunye namandla abalulekileyo e-ki ebekwe kwindawo engaphantsi kwenkaba.
UbuGcisa obunxulunyaniswa nale nkcubeko
Phakathi kwabo sinokukhankanya i-calligraphy, ukupeyinta, imibongo njengoko kunjalo kwi-Haiku, i-ikebana equka ubugcisa baseJapan bokucwangciswa kweentyatyambo kunye nomthendeleko weti njengesithethe sokulungiselela oku kuxutywa kwaye eziyinxalenye yezenzo ezenziwayo. ngaphandle kwiZen Buddhism ukuqhelanisa umzimba ngokuphindaphinda izenzo ukuze ubuyele ngoku ngokuziqhelanisa.
Iimonki ezaziphethe ukupeyinta ubugcisa bamandulo baseTshayina ukuze babonakalise ukuqonda kokomoya ngokubona, bengumzekelo woku, yayinguMuqi Fachang noGuanxiu.
Ukongeza kuHakuin, owayephethe ukucacisa i-corpus ye-sumi-e, imizobo ebhekiselele kwi-inki kunye nokuhlamba, kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-Zen Buddhism ngokuziqhelanisa nokuzivocavoca ukuphinda ukuzola kwengqondo.
Ukurhoxa okwenziwa kobu buchule ukongeza kwiSiko
Oku kurhoxa kwiZen Buddhism kuhlala kuqhutywa ngamanye amaxesha kwezinye iitempile ezibhekisa kubo ngolwimi lwaseJapan, obu buchule bubizwa ngokuba yi-sesshin ngamaxesha aphakathi kwamashumi amathathu ukuya kwamashumi amahlanu emizuzu apho ikhefu lithathwa ukongeza kwizidlo njengenxalenye yenkqubo yoku. qhelisela izinyanya.
Kuba yintoni enokungqinwa kwiitempile kunye nezindlu zoonongendi kunye namaziko apho kuqhutywa khona ezi zithethe zokwaluka kunye nemingcwabo yeZen Buddhism apho kuculwa imibongo, iivesi okanye iisutras, imingcwabo isesinye sezizathu zokuba uninzi lwabantu lusondela kule nkcubeko.
Phakathi kwezi sutras kwiZen Buddhism, i-Heart Sutra yaziwa kunye ne-Lotus Sutra, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Avalokiteśvara Sutra ekubeni kukho amawaka emibongo enxulumene neenkonzo zale nkcubeko kunye nezenzo eziphindaphindayo eziba zizithethe.
Elinye lamasiko aziwayo kwaye aqhele ukwenziwa rhoqo kwiZen Buddhism inxulumene nomsitho kaMizuko kuyō, oguqulelwa kwiSpanish njengomntwana wamanzi owenziwa xa kuphunyelwa sisisu okanye kubhubhe usana olungekazalwa, nto leyo eyayidume kakhulu kwinzala. I-Ming kunye ne-Qing nangona kwisiseko samaBuddha asikho.
Enye izithethe ezikholisa ukwenziwa kwiZen Buddhism zizivumo okanye inguquko ekwabonwa kwiChinese Mahayana Buddhism enokubonwa kwisicatshulwa esinegama lika Emperor Liang Repentance Ritual eyabhalwa nguMaster Baozhi al ngokufanayo nezinye. imibhiyozo efana nesithixo samaKami kwisizwe saseJapan kunye nangomhla wokuzalwa kukaBuddha.
Iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo
Inxulumene ne-mantras ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo kwi-Zen Buddhism yokucamngca njengendlela yokukhusela ububi, umzekelo wayo i-mantra yoKhanya, exhaphake kakhulu kwaye ivela kwihlelo leShingon.
Ezi zenzo zixhaphake kakhulu kwi-Zen Buddhism ukususela kwi-Tang Dynasty, ngoko kunokungqinwa kwimibhalo yayo kunye namaxwebhu abonwa kwi-monastery yaseShaolin ukususela ngenkulungwane yesi-1264 ngokusebenzisa i-mantras kunye ne-dhāraṇī, ngoko ke omnye wabameli bayo abaphambili. UKeizan Jōkin owazalwa ngo-1325 waza wafa ngo-XNUMX.
Oko kungqinwa kwisikolo saseSoto sibonga kulo mlinganiswa nakwiZen Buddhism uMyuan Eisai ubonwa owazalwa ngonyaka we-1141 waza wafa ngonyaka we-1215, wayengumchwephesha weBuddhism efihliweyo ngaphezu kokubhala malunga neso sihloko kunye okufanayo. kwenziwa amasiko kule ndawo njenge homa apho amadini enziwa kumlilo ongcwele.
Iimfundiso kunye nezibhalo ezinxulumene nale nkcubeko
Le nkcubeko ye-Zen Buddhism inxulumene nenyaniso yangaphakathi kunye nesithethe sefilosofi, ngakumbi imfundiso ye-Mahāyāna yokulandela indlela ye-bodhisattva enento yokwenza nendlela yokulandela kunye neesutras zibaluleke kakhulu kule nkcubeko yakudala .
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-Zen Buddhism isekelwe ngokusondeleyo kwi-Mahāyāna Buddhism ngokwemibhalo yamandulo ephandiweyo, nangona kwiNgoma yobukhosi ngonyaka we-960 ukuya ku-1297 le nkcubeko ithethwa ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo ngelo xesha nakwelo xesha. aphezulu kuba kusithiwa kuchasene nobukrelekrele ukuthintela amagama okanye amabinzana ukuba amiselwe ngexesha lokuhlala ukucamngca.
Ekubeni i-Zen Buddhism inxulumene nokukhanya kukaBuddha ngokuphindaphinda izenzo ezivela kwimbono ukongeza kwi-Sutra ethile kwaye kungekhona ngeengcamango.
Ekuqaleni komnombo weTang, izikolo zamaBhuda zazinxulumene neSutra ethile njengoko kunobungqina kwimbali ngokujonga oku kulandelayo:
- Srimaladevi Sutra kwimeko yesikolo Huike
- Ukuvuswa koKholo okwenziwa siSikolo saseDaoxin
- Lankavatara Sutra yi Eastern Mountain School
- I-Diamond Sutra kunye ne-Platform Sutra yi-Shenhui School
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba enye yeSutras esetyenziswa rhoqo yiSutra yoKhanya oluPheleleyo, nangona ifuneka kwi-Zen Buddhism ukuba inikele ingqalelo ngoku kwaye ithembele kubulumko bemvelo bomntu njengenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo. iimpawu ezibalulekileyo neziye zanempembelelo enkulu kubuBhuda kwilizwekazi laseAsia.
Uncwadi olunxulumene neZen Buddhism
Ngenxa yesithethe sayo esibanzi malunga neZen Buddhism, inani elikhulu leencwadi ezinxulumene nesi sihloko zinokungqinwa, eyona nto ibalulekileyo yile ilandelayo:
- Unyango kumaNgeno amabini kunye neZiqhelo ezine, ezibalelwa kwiBohhidharma
- I-Platform Sutra yenziwa nguHuineng ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX
- Iirekhodi zothumelo, ezifana ne-Anthology ye-Patriarchal Hall Zǔtángjí, 952 kunye neeRekhodi zokuThunyelwa kwesibane ezaqulunqwa nguTao-yün ezapapashwa ngonyaka we-1004.
- Uhlobo lwe-YÜ - lü olubandakanya imizobo yeenkosi kunye neengxoxo zokuhlangana kwabo, umzekelo woku iya kuba nguLin - ji yü - lü owaziwa ngokuba yiRekhodi yeLinji kwiNdlu yobukhosi.
- Ingqokelela ye-Koan phantsi kwesihloko esithi I-Gateless Barrier kunye ne-Blue Cliff Record.
- Imibhalo yeprose kunye nemisebenzi yefilosofi yemvelaphi yaseTshayina njengemibhalo kaGuifebg Zongmi
- Umbhalo weZen waseJapan uShōbōgenzō nguDōgen kunye nesibane esingunaphakade seZen ebhalwe nguTōrei Enji
- Isicatshulwa sesiKorea Izicatshulwa ezivela kwiQokelelo yeDharma kunye neRekhodi yokuSebenza okuKhethekileyo kunye namanqaku obuqu kaJinul
Iintsomi zikaChan
I-Zen Buddhism eyaziwa ngolwimi lwesiTshayina njenge-Chán yaqala kwesi sizwe, esahlulwe sangamaxesha amaninzi ngabameli baso abaninzi, apho inqanaba leklasikhi linokuhlukaniswa kunye nelizwe le-post-classical.
IProto – Chán c. 500 ukuya kuma-600 apho uBukhosi baseMazantsi nabaseMntla c. 420 ukuya kuma-589 kunye nomnombo wamaSui c. 589 ukuya 618 CE. Emva koko i-Early Chán ibonwa ebonakala phakathi kweminyaka engama-600 ukuya kuma-900 yobukhosi baseTang.
I-Chán Ephakathi c. 750 ukuya kwi-1000 apho Imvukelo yaseLushan ijongwa kude kube ziiDynasties eziHlanu kunye nexesha lobuKumkani obulishumi. UChán kwinzala yeNgoma c.950 ukuya ku-1300.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-postclassical state, ubukhosi bakwaMing phakathi ko-1368 no-1644 buyabonakala, bulandelwa yi-Qing dynasty phakathi kwe-1644 ne-1912, kwaye kuyo inkcubeko enkulu yokudibanisa ubuBhuda ibonwa, emva koko inqanaba lokugqibela libonwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX xa. Ihlabathi laseNtshona liboniswa lingena kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia liziqhelanisa neembono zalo kwilizwe laseNtshona.
Ngokuphathelele imvelaphi yayo
UbuBhuda beZen beza kwisizwe samaTshayina buvela kuMbindi Asia naseIndiya, buziqhelanisa nenkcubeko yelo lizwe ngokuphathelele iingcamango zobuConfucius nobuTao, abalandeli babo bokuqala bengabo bacinga okwesibini, yaye babamkela obu buchule ukongezelela ekudibaniseni. kunye neTaoism ingabameli bayo okokuqala iSengzhao kunye neTao Sheng.
Abo babona emizimbeni yabo izibonelelo zeZen Buddhism ukuze bazuze olu qeqesho kwabanye abantu abanomdla kwimpilo yomzimba, ingqondo kunye nomphefumlo wabo.
Proto–Chán
Ngokubhekiselele kweli nqanaba, c. 500 ukuya kuma-600, ubuBhuda beZen baphuhliswa emantla esizwe saseTshayina, ngoko babusekwe kuqheliselo lwe-dhyana, olunxulunyaniswa nabalinganiswa uBodhidharma noHuike, kodwa ulwazi oluncinci lufumaneka kubo kuba luyaziwa ngabo iintsomi ezabhalwa kumnombo wamaTang.
Enye yezona zinto zifanelekileyo yincwadi enesihloko esithi I-Entrances ezimbini kunye neZiqhelo ezine ezinokubonakaliswa eDunhuang kunye nokudalwa kwayo kuthiwa yi-Bodhidharma.Kwaye kwachazwa ukuba la manani ayephethe ukuhambisa i-Lankavatara Sutra, nangona kungekho nto ibhaliweyo. Itsho njalo.Inokuqinisekisa.
Early Chan
Olu hlobo lwe-Zen Buddhism lunxulumene nesiqalo sokuqala se-Tang Dynasty ngonyaka we-618 ukuya kwi-750 apho ummeli omele uDaman Hongren owazalwa ngonyaka we-601 ukuya kwi-674.
Ukongeza kwindlalifa yakhe uYuquan Shenxiu ukusukela ekuzalweni kwakhe ngonyaka wama-606 de kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngonyaka wama-706, bathanda isiseko sesikolo sokuqala seZen Buddhism esasisaziwa ngegama leSikolo saseMpuma.
Kukweli ziko apho uHongren angena khona ukufundisa izenzo zokukhusela ingqondo ngokubhekiselele kwindalo kaBuddha ngokusebenzisa izenzo eziphindaphindiweyo ezikhokelela ekucamngceni. Ngokuphathelele uShenxiu, wayengomnye wabona bafundi babalaseleyo beNkosi uHongren, kangangokuba wayenomdla kwizinto awayezenza kangangokuba umfundi wamenyelwa kwiNkundla yoBukhosi yaseMpress Wu.
Ekuqaleni wayegxekwa ngenxa yeemfundiso zakhe ngokuthe ngcembe, walandela neemfundiso zika-Master Huineng owazalwa ngo-638 waza wafa ngo-713, enye yemibhalo yakhe ephambili yi-Platform Sutra, wajamelana nayo. Umbono wokuvuswa kancinci kancinci kweBuddhism iZen ngokukhanya ngequbuliso.
Middle Chan
Ibandakanya iminyaka engama-750 ukuya kwi-1000 eqala nge-An Lushan Rebellion eyaqala ngonyaka wama-755 iphele ngonyaka ka-763 ukuya kuthi ga ekupheleni kwexesha lee-Dynasties eziHlanu kunye nezikumkani ezilishumi ezenzeka phakathi kweminyaka engama-907 kude kube sekupheleni konyaka. Ama-960 okanye ama-979 ngeli xesha kwenziwa izikolo ezitsha zeZen Buddhism.
Enye yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yayiyisikolo saseHongzhou esimelwe nguMazu Daoyi owazalwa ngonyaka we-709 waza wafa ngonyaka we-788. Kukho nabanye abameli beli nkcubeko njengeBaizhang.
Huangbo kunye Shitō. Zazisekelwe kwimbonakalo yobuqu yokuqonda ukongezelela ekuchaseni amazwi avumayo nokugxininisa incoko phakathi kwenkosi nomfundi ngothotho lwemibuzo neempendulo.
Kuphawulwe ukuba ngeli xesha kwacaciswa ukuba ingqondo nguBuddha kwaye ikhokelela ekukhanyeni ebonisa utshintsho lweparadigm. Omnye wabameli abaphambili beli xesha, uLinjí Yixuan uthathwa njengomseki wesikolo saseLínji Rinzai, esiphelisa ubukhosi baseTang, sibaluleke kakhulu ngaphandle nangaphakathi kwisizwe sasempumalanga.
Kukwabalulekile ukugqamisa elinye lamanani eZen Buddhism, njengenkosi uXuefeng Yicun, othe wathetha ngencoko yababini yomhlangano kwaye kulapha apho kujongwa ukukhula kwayo, kuba ulwimi olungenangqondo lusetyenziswa ukongezelela kokungengabo. izenzo zomlomo ezibonakaliswa kwimiqondiso yocwangco efana nokukhwaza nokubetha.
Esinye sezenzo ezaziza kusetyenziswa yayikukubhala iingxoxo zodliwano-ndlebe okanye iintlanganiso ezingeyonyani yaye zinxulunyaniswa namanani angaphambi kweZen Buddhism.Enye yezi zibhalo zibaluleke kakhulu yiAnthology yeHolo yoBusolusapho eyapapashwa ngonyaka wama-952 apho Babhala iintsomi zokudibana kaninzi kunye nomlibo wokuzalwa wesikolo saseChán okanye seZen usekwa kule ncwadi.
Nangona kubalulekile ukugqamisa intshutshiso enkulu eyenzeka eTshayina Anti-Buddhism ngonyaka ka-845, yabhangisa iZen yemetropolitan, kodwa isikolo saseMazu sakwazi ukusinda kwesi siganeko sibi kwaye sasinguye owathatha indima yobunkokeli kwiTang. ubukhosi kwiZen Buddhism. .
UbuBhuda beZen kwiNtlawulo yeeNgoma
Lo bukhosi beNgoma bususela kunyaka wama-950 ukuya kowe-1300 apho ubuBhuda beZen bathatha uhlobo lwabo olupheleleyo ngokuphuhlisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kweekoan kunye nokuqonda eyona nto iyiyo yembali ngenxa yamabali antsonkothileyo exesha legolide lomnombo weTang.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iZen Buddhism yaba lelona hlelo likhulu kwisizwe saseTshayina, ukongeza ekomelezeni amakhonkco kunye norhulumente wasebukhosini, owavumela ukwakhiwa kweetempile ukuba kwandiswe ukongezelela ekubeni semthethweni ngokwamanqanaba, inkokeli yayo ephambili yayisisikolo saseLinji. apho Bafumana elona nani likhulu labaphengululi abasemthethweni abaziwa ngegama elithi shí dàfū ababebumba inkundla yakomkhulu.
Apho, kwelo ziko, uncwadi lwetyala likawonke-wonke elaziwa ngegama elithi yong'an lwaphuhliswa kwaye lwandiswa, apho iintsomi zokuhlangana phakathi kweenkosi kunye nabafundi zisekwe njengakwixesha legolide lendlu kaTang. Ke ezi gong zajongwa yile nkcubeko yeZen Buddhism njengomboniso wokukhanyisa ingqondo.
Ngenkulungwane ye-1091, ukhuphiswano phakathi kwezikolo zaseCaodong kunye neLinji lwaqala ngenxa yenkxaso yabaphengululi abasemthethweni, omnye wabo yayinguHongzhi Zhengjue owazalwa ngo-1157 waza wasweleka ngonyaka we-XNUMX wesikolo saseCaodong esathi cwaka. Ukukhanya okanye ukucamngca okuzolileyo usebenzisa igama elithi mòzhào njengendlela yokuziqhelanisa wedwa enokwenziwa ngabaxhasi abaqhelekileyo.
Kwangaxeshanye, ummeli wesikolo saseLinji Dahui Zonggao, owazalwa ngo-1089 waza wafa ngo-1163, wafaka igama elithi k'an-hua chán, eliguqulelwe kulwimi lwethu lweSpanishi njengobugcisa bokuqwalasela igama lokuqala. , olwenze ukucamngca kwakukwingxaki ukuba yeyiphi kula mathambeka amabini ekufuneka ilandelwe.
Kwindlu yobukhosi beNgoma kukho i-concordance phakathi kwe-Zen Buddhism kunye ne-Pure Land apho ummeli wayo yayinguYongming Yanshou owazalwa ngonyaka we-904 waza wafa ngonyaka we-975.
Wasebenzisa umsebenzi kaZonming ukuqinisa imilinganiselo yobuTao kunye neConfucianism ukuze ihambelane nentanda-bulumko yobuBhuda. Ngoko ke isikolo seZen sasineempembelelo ezivela kwiNeo-Confucianism kunye neTaoism, umzekelo woku yayisisikolo saseQuanzhen.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ngeli xesha uncwadi lwexabiso elikhulu leekoan lwenziwa, njengeSithintelo ngaphandle komnyango kunye neRegistry yeBlue Cliff, apho impembelelo yeklasi yengqondo yesizwe saseTshayina ibonakala.
Kungeli xesha apho ubuBhuda beZen butshintshelwa kwisizwe saseJapan, sisebenzisa impembelelo enkulu kwiSeon yaseKorea ngommeli uBojo Jinul, imonki yaseKorea kubukhosi baseGoryeo ngeBuddhism yokucamngca yaseKorea.
Zen zePostclassical
Kwi-Ming Dynasty, i-Zen Buddhism yayibaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba zonke iimonki zaseTshayina zazinxulumene nesikolo saseLinji okanye isikolo saseCaodong njengoko babengabameli abaphezulu bale ngcamango.
Ngenxa yoko kuthethwa ngeli xesha lekhokhodenti phakathi kweZen Buddhism kunye nePure Land Buddhism eyayisaziwa nangegama elithi Nianfo Chán njengoko kunokungqinwa kubulumko bukaZhongfeng Mingben owazalwa ngo-1263 waza wafa ngonyaka we-1323.
Ukongeza kwinkokeli enkulu uHanshan Dequing owazalwa ngo-1546 waza wafa ngonyaka we-1623, ibe yinto ephawulekayo kula mazwe, ngoko kwakukho ixesha apho kwakungekho mahluko mkhulu phakathi kwezi zenzo zimbini kunye neendawo ezininzi zeemonki kunye neetempile. babephethe imfundiso yeZen Buddhism neNianfo Buddhism.
Kulawulo lukaMing, abaphengululi abanoxanduva lokuvuselela nokulungelelanisa ubuBhuda beZen kunye nomkhwa wokufunda iisutras, phakathi kwabo kukho imifanekiso kaDagua Zhenke owazalwa ngo-1543 waza wafa ngowe-1603 kunye noYunqi Zhuhong owazalwa ngo-1535 kwaye. wafa ngo-1615.
Ke ngoko, ekuqaleni kobukhosi buka-Qing, ubuBhuda beZen bubuyiselwe ngenxa yenguquko yabo ngokwenza izithonga nemikhwazo ngenxa yommeli uMiyun Yuanwu owazalwa ngo-1566 waza wafa ngonyaka we-1642.
Ukongezelela, kwapapashwa incwadi ethi Wudeng yantong, ebhekisela ekuhanjisweni ngokungqongqo kwezikolo ezintlanu zeZen, eyabhalwa nguFeiyin Tongrong owazalwa ngo-1593 waza wafa ngo-1662. Le ncwadi yabeka iimonki ezahlukahlukeneyo zeZen kudidi lwe Umnombo ongaziwayo kodwa iimonki ezininzi zesikolo saseCaodong zazingabandakanywa.
Ixesha langoku leZen Buddhism
Emva kokuncipha kobukhosi buka-Qing ukusuka ngo-1644 ukuya ku-1912, ubuBhuda beZen buphinde bathatyathelwa indawo ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX yimpembelelo yanamhlanje, apho uphuhliso lomsebenzi ngenjongo yokuguqula ubuBhuda kubomi bomntu ngegama elithi rensheng fojiao.
Yayimelwe ngamanani amakhulu amabini afana noYuanying (1878 – 1953), Jing’an (1851 – 1912), Xuyun (1840 – 1959), Taixu (1890 – 1947) noYinshun (1906 – 2005). Ngoko ke, aba bameli bakhuthaza lo msebenzi ngenjongo yokunciphisa intlupheko kunye nokungabikho kokusesikweni kwezentlalo kunye nokukhuthaza isayensi yanamhlanje kunye neendlela zokufunda imbali yeZen Buddhism.
Nangona ngeminyaka yee-1960s ubuBhuda bathintelwa ngeminyaka yoo-XNUMX kwiProletarian Cultural Revolution, kodwa kamva ngoo-XNUMXs ubuBhuda beZen baphinda baqaliswa ngamandla amakhulu, bazuza abalandeli ngaphandle kwemida yeli lizwe. abalandeli bolu qeqesho bayajongwa.
Ezinye izizwe zaseAsia kunye nobudlelwane babo nale nkcubeko
Nantsi into encinci malunga neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo zaseAsia ezigcina imvelaphi efanayo:
Ukucamngca
Igama elithi Zen eVietnam liyaziwa ngegama elithi Thiền kwaye laziswa ngexesha lokuhlala kweTshayina phakathi kwe-111 BC kunye ne-939 AD Ngokwesithethe seli lizwe laseVietnam, imonki ngonyaka we-580 ovela eIndiya ogama linguVinitaruchi.
IsiTì-ni-đa-lưu-chi sibhalwe ngolu lwimi.Wafudukela eVietnam emva kokugqiba izifundo zakhe noMaster Sengcan, owayengusolusapho wesithathu weZen Buddhism.Ebudeni bolawulo lukaLý olwadlula phakathi kweminyaka ye-1009 ukuya kowe-1225 Ubukhosi bukaTrần phakathi kweminyaka ye-1225 ukuya kwi-1400 iBuddhism yeZen yaphakama yaya kuthandwa phakathi kwe-elites kunye nenkundla yasebukhosini.
Isikolo seTruc Lam sasekwa ngokumkani waseVietnam apho impembelelo yeConfucianism kunye neTaoism inokubonwa. Kwandula ke, ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, iqela leemonki zaseTshayina elaliphantsi kolawulo lukaNguyen Thieu laliphethe ukuseka isikolo esitsha esinenzondelelo enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yiLam Te, ukusuka apho lanwenwela kwelinye isebe ngesiseko sesinye isikolo igama uLieu Quan.
Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX apho ubuBhuda beZen bulawula. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba namhlanje iLâm Tế Monastery lolona myalelo unelona nani likhulu labalandeli bolu qeqesho.
Olu qeqesho lwangoku lwaseVietnam luyi-eclectic kwaye lubandakanya, luvumela ukuziqhelanisa nokuphefumla nge-nianfo, i-mantras kunye neempembelelo ze-Theravada kunye nokucula, i-sutra oratory kunye ne-Buddhism activism ezinikele kwinkcubeko ye-Zen Buddhism.
Abameli bayo abaphezulu ngutitshala uThiền ogama linguThích Tanh Từ owazalwa ngo-1924 kunye netshantliziyo eligama linguThíc Nhầt Hanh owazalwa ngo-1926 kunye nesithandi sobulumko uThích Thiên – An.
Seon
Yatshintshelwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwisizwe saseKorea ngexesha lobukumkani baseSilla obasekwa phakathi kwenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX neye-XNUMX kuba njengoko iimonki zaseKorea zazisiya eTshayina zafunda okuninzi malunga neZen Buddhism kwaye zaziphethe ekusekweni kwezikolo kwisizwe saseKorea phantsi kwayo. igama leZikolo eziliThoba zeeNtaba.
Utitshala kaKoryo, imonki uJinul, wadibanisa iSeon gue kunye netempile yaseSonggwangsa njengendawo yokufunda kunye nokuziqhelanisa nolu qeqesho lweZen Buddhism ngoMyalelo weJogye. Okubalulekileyo, le monki Jinul.
Kwakhona wayephethe ukubhala iitekisi ezininzi, ukulawula ukudibanisa ingcamango kunye nokusebenza, ukwamkela indlela yeDahui Zonggao, namhlanje indlela yokugcina ukucamngca eSeon.
Nangona kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba iZen Buddhism nayo yacinezelwa kubukhosi bukaJoseon phakathi ko-1392 no-1910, ngoko ke inani lezi monki kunye neemonki lehla kakhulu. Emva koko umsebenzi waseJapan uze notshintsho kunye nohlengahlengiso olutsha kwiSeon yaseKorea.
Phakathi kwabo, kwamkelwa ukuba iimonki zitshate kwaye zibe nenzala, nangona ezinye iimonki ezinje ngoYongseong zazikukhathalele ukujongana nomsebenzi waseJapan, esona sikolo sikhulu eSeon yitempile yaseJogye kwaye ifuna ukungatshati kubefundisi.
Ngelixa isikolo sesibini seSeon kweli lizwe laseKorea nguMyalelo weTaego kwaye kuyo iimonki zinokutshata. Phakathi kwamanani abalaseleyo kwiSeon yangoku yiSeoncheol kunye neGyeongheo, apho impembelelo yabo ifikelele kwihlabathi laseNtshona kunye nezithethe ezitsha eziza kwenziwa, ezifana ne-Kwan Um School.
UbuBhuda beZen baseJapan
UbuBhuda beZen basekwa njengesikolo esahlukileyo de kwayinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibini njengoko uMyoan Eisai wafudukela eTshayina waza wabuyela eJapan ukuya kuqalisa umnombo kaLinji emva kokuba uNampo Shōmyō owazalwa ngo-1235 waza wafa ngo-1308 efunda iimfundiso zikaLinji. e-China ukuthatha uxanduva lokuseka umnombo we-Otokan eJapan oye wasinda kwaye ufana nesikolo saseRinzai.
Kweli lizwe laseJapan ngonyaka we-1215, u-Dōgen, owayephila ngexesha lika-Eisai, wafudukela eChina ukuze abe ngumfundi weTiantong Rujing ongowesikolo saseCaodong, emva koko, ekubuyeleni kwakhe kwisizwe sakhe, wayephethe ukuseka iSōtō. Isikolo, saba lisebe laseJapan leSikolo saseCaodong.
Ngoko ke, izikolo ezithathu ezinesithethe esikhulu seZen Buddhism eJapan yiRinzai, Ōbaku kunye neSōtō. Ukuba nguSōtō omkhulu ngelixa i-Ōbaku incinci kwaye i-Rinzai iphakathi. Ngoko ke ezi zikolo zinokwahlulwa zibe zezinye izikolo ezincinci.
Ukuba neSōtō iitempile ezimbini eziphambili iSōji-ji enothungelwano olubanzi kakhulu kwaye i-Eihei-ji ilandelwa yiRinzai eneetempile eziphambili ezilishumi elinesine ngelixa i-Ōbaku inetempile enye egama linguManpuku-ji.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiitempile eziphambili zeRinzai, zininzi kwaye zihambelana nenkqubo yeeNtaba ezintlanu, ezi zilandelayo ziyiNanzen-ji, iMyoshin-ji, iDaitoku-ji Tenryū-ji kunye neTofuku-ji, phakathi kwabanye.
UbuBhuda beZen eNtshona
Ngokuphathelele kubuBhuda beZen de kwayinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kwakuncinci okwaziwayo kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, okwanikelwa ngamabali aqhutywa ziimishini zamaKristu ezazifudukele kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ngoko kwiingxelo zabo bagqabaza ngezithethe nesimo sengqondo ngaphandle koku. ukwandisa ngakumbi ngesihloko.
Ukongezelela, iNkundla Yokuncina Amakholwa yayiphethe le nkcazelo, nangona impembelelo yayo inokubonwa kwizenzo ezenziwa ngabalinganiswa bobuKristu, phakathi kwabo kukho amaJesuit abalaseleyo.
Xa inkulungwane yama-1893 iqalisa, uqheliselo nokufundisa kobuBhuda beZen bangena ngokuphandle kwihlabathi laseNtshona yaye ngonyaka we-XNUMX kwisixeko saseChicago kwisiganeko esibizwa ngokuba yiPalamente yeHlabathi yeeNqulo, imonki uShaku Soyen ijongene nokunikela intetho ephathelele. uMthetho wesizathu nesiphumo ofundiswa phantsi kwemithetho kaBuddha.
Kamva le ntetho yaguqulelwa nguDaisetsu Teitaro Suzuki waza uSoyen ngokwakhe wancomela uPaul Carús ukuba alawule ukuguqulela imibhalo esuka kwezinye iilwimi ezinjengesiPali, isiSanskrit, isiTshayina nesiJapani. Ke ngoko, lo mguquleli wayenoxanduva lokusasaza ubuBhuda beZen okokuqala njengonjingalwazi waseyunivesithi kwaye kamva njengomhlohli kunye nombhali wencwadi kwihlabathi liphela.
Enkosi kwiinguqulelo kunye neenkomfa zikaSuzuki apho wanxulumanisa ukuqonda le nkcubeko kunye nokuzaliseka komntu, wakwazi ukuphembelela iinkcubabuchopho ezifana noJung noEinstein, uPicasso, kunye noHeidegger kunye nenani elikhulu lamanani abameli bembali yangoku. .
Phakathi iinguqulelo zakhe ezintsonkothileyo inokufumaneka Lankavatara Sutra, nto leyo nangoku isalathiso kwindawo yezemfundo namhlanje, kwakunye nemisebenzi efana Izincoko kwi Zen Buddhism eziye zafundwa bonke abantu abafuna ukuphonononga kulwazi olu. Ngexesha lokufa kwakhe kwiitempile eziphambili zaseJapan kwatshiselwa isiqhumiso ngembeko nokumncoma.
Ngokubhekiselele kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ifashoni entsha eyaziwa ngokuba yi-counterculture yabonwa ngenxa yomyili wayo owayila eli gama libizwa ngokuba nguTheodore Roszak apho kusekwa khona imilinganiselo kunye nezithethe okanye iindlela ezichasayo eluntwini, njengoko kunjalo kwisizukulwana. ukubetha.
Kungelo xesha apho iingcali zeZen Buddhism zibonwa eYurophu nase-United States, phakathi kwazo sele sikhankanye uShunryu Suzuki, emva koko uPhilip Kapleau noAlan Watts bafunyanwa.
Abo babenoxanduva lokuseka iZen Buddhism eNtshona, ngoko ke kwenziwa izifundo zokufunda ngemvelaphi kunye nolwazi lwabo ukuze lusekwe kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona, kuqwalaselwe izikolo ezininzi eYurophu, eOstreliya naseMelika.
Kwimeko yaseYurophu, inethiwekhi yamaziko e-Zen Buddhism avulwe yiJapan Taisen Deshimaru, engokwesiko leSōtō, ivelele. Ngokubhekiselele eUnited States, amakhulu amaziko anxulumene neSikole saseRinzai kunye neSōtō asekiwe.
Imizekelo yabo yiMagnolia Zen Centre ehlala ePensacola kunye neZaltho Foundation eyasungulwa nguClaude AnShin Thomas. Kanye namanye amazwe afana neKorea ngenxa yesikolo saseChogye.
Imigaqo eyisekelayo
Kweli nqaku uya kukwazi ukufunda imigaqo elishumi eyinxalenye esisiseko yeZen Buddhism, ifilosofi yobomi edityaniswe nobuchule bokubona ngaphakathi kobume bethu ukuze abantu bazikhulule kumakhamandela engqondo. ngokuphunyezwa kwezixhobo zokukwazi ukoyisa ezo zikhokelela ekubandezelekeni kwaye umntu uvame ukujongana.
Hlala apha kwaye ngoku
Lithuba lodwa onalo, awukho omnye umzuzu ngaphandle kwelangoku kuba izinto ezadlulayo sele zenzekile kwaye kushiyeke iinkumbulo kuphela, endaweni yoko ikamva alikenzeki kodwa yingqondo esebenzayo endaweni yokuthatha ithuba langoku.
Nika Ingqalelo Kuyo Yonke Into Oyenzayo
Oku kuphunyezwa ngokugxininisa, ngoko ukuba wenza okuthile, ufanele ukonwabele enoba kukubhala, ukwenza umthambo, okanye kwimeko yokuba uphulaphule ingoma, yonwabele oko ukwenza ngokunikela ingqalelo endaweni yokubhadula engqondweni yakho.
Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka ugxile kumsebenzi owenzayo, njengokufunda eli nqaku linomdla kwiZen Buddhism, liyinxalenye esisiseko yokucamngca kwintshukumo.
Nyaniseka kwiimvakalelo
Nangona ibonakala iphindaphinda, kuya kufuneka umamele intliziyo yakho kuba ikuvumela ukuba uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuze uzive ukhululekile, kuba iimvakalelo zizalathisi ezikuvumela ukuba ulungelelanise iinjongo zemvakalelo ebalulekileyo.
Zithande
Kukwisihlandlo sokuqala imvakalelo ekufuneka uzive ngayo kuwe ukuze ufezekise impilo-ntle kwaye ikuvumela ukuba unxulumanise uthando ngentlonipho kuba ugqibelele kanye ngale ndlela uyiyo.
funda ukukhulula
Ukukhulula yenye yezinto ezisisiseko kwiZen Buddhism kwifilosofi yayo yobomi obupheleleyo, kuba amaqhina abopha umntu kwaye akavumeli ukukhula okunempilo kunye nokufunda kumava amatsha anokuthi avele.
Ekubeni amava ayisiseko sokufunda, kuyimfuneko ukukhulula kwaye sifunde ngaphandle kokuvumela amava ukuba asongamele, ekubeni yonke into idla ngokuguqula, ngoko ke ukubaluleka kokuyeka ukuhamba.
Nyaniseka Kuwe Nakwabanye
Ukunyaniseka sesinye seziseko zeZen Buddhism ngokuqaphela imida enayo ukongeza kwimpumelelo kunye neempazamo zayo, ukuyivumela ukuba yakhe ubudlelwane obuqinileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo ngokuziqhelanisa neli xabiso likhulu.
Yithathele ingqalelo iminqweno yakho
Iminqweno yakho isenokuba kwindawo ebalulekileyo xa usenza izigqibo, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuyonwabela inkqubo ngoxa iminqweno yakho izaliseka, iyimfihlelo yolonwabo nemvisiswano yobomi.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8O_F4xeCuGE
Yiba noxanduva lwakho kunye nehlabathi
Oyena mntu ubalulekileyo kukhathalelo lwakho nguwe, ngoko ungalibazisi ukuzikhathalela wena kunye nehlabathi njengoko sonke singabendalo kwaye sonke siyiyunithi enye kwaye siqhagamshelwe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, khathalela indawo yakho ngamaxesha onke, indawo yakho, uxanduva lwezenzo zakho ukuze kubekho utshintsho lwangaphakathi lokwenene kwaye ngaloo ndlela utshintshe ihlabathi.
Sukuchasa uBomi bangoku, Phumeza kunye Nabo
Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba kukho ukuchasana okuncinci kwiinguqu ebomini, kuya kuba lula kakhulu ukunandipha ubomi obupheleleyo kwindawo esimele siphile kuyo, sikhumbule ukuba sibanye kunye nendalo yonke kwaye ngendlela enye okanye enye ubomi kwaye ukufa kukho kwaye kufuneka ulandele isangqa ngendlela ehambelanayo.
Yifumane Paz Ingaphakathi
Sisiphelo sale filosofi ye-Zen Buddhism ngokucamngca ukuze ukwazi ukulawula ingqondo, uxolo aluxhomekeke kuyo nayiphi na indawo okanye nawuphi na umntu ngakumbi kuba kuxhomekeke kwikhulu leepesenti kuwe ngonxibelelwano nobume bakho bangaphakathi ngokusebenzisa ezi zinto. imigaqo efuna ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo de ibe ngumkhwa wemihla ngemihla ukuze uzonwabele.
UbuBhuda beZen kwiscreen esikhulu
I-Zen Buddhism ijolise kukucamngca ihleli kwindawo yentyatyambo yelotus njengoko ihlala ibonwa kwimifanekiso eboniswa ziinethiwekhi zentlalo kwaye ikuvumela ukuba wazi ngalo mzuzu ukukunceda ukhulule uxinzelelo, ixhala, umsindo kunye noxinzelelo oluphunyeziweyo. ngokuphindaphinda izenzo ezivumela ukufikelela kwimigaqo elishumi echazwe ngasentla.
Ngokuziqhelanisa uya kukwazi ukudibanisa nawe kunye nehlabathi njengoko kuchazwe nguZen Buddhism kwaye isikrini esikhulu asizange sibaleke ukwenza iifilimu apho le nkcubeko inikezelwa kuthi ukudibanisa umntu kunye nendalo njengoko kunokubonwa kwiifilimu ezilandelayo. :
Enye yazo buBulumko obuQinisekisiweyo obukhokelwa nguDoris Dörrier u-Erleuchtung Garantiert ngo-2000 owathiwa thaca eJamani. Unokubukela ifilimu enkulu ebizwa ngokuba Kutheni i-Bodhi-Dharma iye eMpuma? nguYong-Kyun Bae ngo-1989 owathi thaca eMzantsi Korea.
Enye yeefilimu yiNtwasahlobo, iHlobo, uKwindla, uBusika… kunye nentwasa hlobo nguKim Ki waseMzantsi-duk ngo-2003 yaboniswa eJamani apho ibali lomfundi kunye nomfundisi-ntsapho wakhe libaliswa, eyedwa entabeni kwindlu ebekwe. kwisiqingatha sechibi apho amaxesha obomi ahamba phakathi kwemidlalo yabo.
Ungabona kwakhona ifilimu i-Un Buda ngu-Diego Rafecas evela kwi-2005, evezwe e-Argentina, nangona kukho ezinye iifilimu oye wabelana ngazo njengentsapho ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba iqhinga labo libhekisela kwi-Zen Buddhism, njengoko kunjalo Kun fu Panda, iSaga yeeMfazwe zeNkwenkwezi, uBuddha omncinci, iminyaka esixhenxe eTibet, iMatrix, iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga, uMthi woBomi, phakathi kwabanye.
Iinyani ezinomdla zeZen Buddhism
Kubalulekile ukugqamisa kweli nqaku ukuba iZen Buddhism yintandabulumko yobomi kuba kule nkcubeko akukho thixo uthile unqulwayo kwaye ayigxininisi ekuguquleleni abantu kwimfundiso yayo kuba uBuddha emva kokufunda iingcinga ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo ngokufunda ukucamngca ukukhulula. umntu ngokwakhe ekubandezelekeni kwaye afikelele kwinkululeko yokomoya.
Le ntanda-bulumko yeZen Buddhism icacisa ukuba yonke into inesiqalo nesiphelo, kuquka nathi bantu, ekubeni ingumthetho oyinxalenye yendalo, ekubeni ingeyonto ehlala ihleli, ekubeni sibandezeleka sizama ukwenza yonke into ifane emsebenzini; ebomini, impilo yesibini.
Apha kuyasicaciselwa ukuba yonke into inesiqalo nesiphelo, ngoko ke ukuyamkela loo nto kusenza siphile ngemvisiswano nobomi endaweni yokuzonyanya. Enye yeengongoma zakhe eziphambili kwiZen Buddhism kukuphila ngamaxesha onke ngoku apha kwaye ngoku.
Ewe, sinomkhwa wokuzulazula kwiingcinga zexesha elidlulileyo esele zenzekile kwaye azinakutshintshwa okanye kwixesha elizayo elingekude lingekaqinisekiswa kwaye kukule filosofi yobomi esifundiswa ukuba sinikele ingqalelo kwimisebenzi esiyidingayo. siqhuba ngokuzibophelela kwekhulu leepesenti.
Ekubeni ubomi buya kwahluka kakhulu ukuba sinikela ingqalelo kukutya esikutyayo kunambitha ukutya ngakunye ngexesha elifanelekileyo okanye kwincoko esiba nayo nabanye abangeneleli ukuze sisebenzise ithuba lokonwabela izenzo zethu ngoku, nto leyo ekuphela kwayo. inyaniso ekhoyo. Njengoko kunokubonwa kwisicatshulwa esilandelayo esibhalwe nguThich Nhat Hanh:
“…Ubomi bunokufunyanwa kuphela kulo mzuzu, kodwa iingqondo zethu azifane zihlale kweli xesha langoku. Kunoko, sisukela ixesha elidlulileyo okanye silangazelela ikamva. Sicinga ukuba siziziqu zethu, kodwa eneneni asikhe sidibane nathi ngokwethu. ”…
“…Iingqondo zethu zixakeke kakhulu zibaleka iinkumbulo zezolo okanye amaphupha angomso. Ekuphela kwendlela yokunxibelelana nobomi kukubuyela kumzuzu wangoku. Nje ukuba uyazi ukuba ungabuyela njani kulo mzuzu wangoku, uya kuvuka kwaye ngaloo mzuzu ubunyani bakho bufunyenwe. ”…
Ngoko eli nqaku lisibonisa ukuba ukucamngca kuyigalelo eliphambili leZen Buddhism, luthutho oluvumela ukuba ufikelele ekukhululweni kwengqondo. Ewe, ikuvumela ukuba wazi iingcinga zakho, ukuvumela ukugxila okukhulu. Ukongeza ekuqondeni ukuba siyinxalenye yento yonke kwaye iqala ngokuphefumla.
Ukuze uzive uBuddhism beZen, kuyimfuneko ukuziva inkqubo, ebonakaliswa kakhulu kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, kuba ukufikelela kwinjongo akusisiphumo, kodwa yinkqubo oye wayenza ukuyifezekisa, eyimfihlelo. yolu qeqesho.
Zen Buddhism kunye nenkcubeko eNtshona
Ngoku ubuBhuda beZen bunokubonwa eNtshona kodwa bungqinwa ngepinki engaqhelekanga nanjengesampulu yentsomi yaloo nkcubeko yamandulo kodwa omnye wootitshala bayo uTaisen Deshimaru uyayichaza ngamazwi akhe le sicatshulwa kwimbali yayo:
“…kunzima, ndiyazi. Kodwa ukwenziwa kwansuku zonke kusebenza kakhulu ukwandiswa kwengqondo kunye nokuphuhliswa kwe-intuition ... ivelisa amandla amakhulu, ikwayi-posture yokuvusa ... kukugxininiswa kuphela kwi-posture, ukuphefumla kunye nesimo sengqondo somoya. .."
Amanyathelo okufuneka uwathathe ukuze ucamngce kolu qeqesho
Ngokumalunga nokuma kwakho, kufuneka usebenzise i-zafu, engumqamelo ojikelezayo apho kufuneka uhlale kwaye unqamle imilenze yakho kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-lotus ngenjongo yokuba amadolo ahlale emgangathweni ngelixa umqolo kufuneka uthe tye.
Isilevu kufuneka sibe ngaphakathi kwaye intamo yolulwe ukuze impumlo ibe kwicala elithe nkqo njengenkaba. Kuthiwa batyhala umhlaba ngamadolo ngelixa bezama ukuphatha isibhakabhaka ngeentloko zabo.
Izandla kufuneka zibekwe ngale ndlela ilandelayo: beka isandla sasekhohlo kwisandla sakho sokunene kwaye iintende zijonge phantsi, izithupha ziyathintana zilinganisa umgca othe ngqo kwaye kufuneka ziphumle ezinyaweni ngelixa usenza i-sutras okanye iingoma.
Amagxa kufuneka akhululeke kwaye incam yolwimi kufuneka ichukumise inkalakahla kwaye ukujonga kufuneka kube kumgama wemitha enye ngokunxulumene nomhlaba ngaphandle kokujolisa ukujonga kuyo nayiphi na into.
Enye yeengongoma ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kukuphefumla kwiZen Buddhism ngesiSanskrit, yaziwa ngegama elithi anapanasati kwaye lenziwa xa kuvela isimo esifanelekileyo.Kule nto, kufuneka umisele isingqisho esicothayo kunye nendalo, ube yinto ethambileyo enzulu kunye nokuphelelwa ixesha elide. .
Emva koko umoya umele uvuthelwe ngeempumlo ngokucothayo ngendlela ethuleyo uthelekiswa nokuphefumla kweenkomo okanye usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa apho ukuphefumla kubonwa esiswini.
Isimo sengqondo siyafuneka ukuvumela imifanekiso, iingcinga kunye nolwakhiwo kudlule ngokungathi ngamafu esibhakabhakeni ngaphandle kokuwagweba ukuze aphele de afikelele kwingqondo ebizwa ngokuba yi-hihiryo, obubunyulu obungathandabuzekiyo.
Oku kuza kunye nokuma kunye nokuphefumla kweZen Buddhism kwaye kufuna ukuziqhelanisa okuninzi ukufezekisa, yiyo loo nto uguquko kumzimba wenyama lubonakaliswa kunye nokuphuculwa kokujikeleza kobuchopho.
Iimpawu eziphambili zoBukho
Ukusuka kwimbono ye-Zen Buddhism iimpawu zobukho zithathu kwaye zaziwa njengedlulayo, ukungabikho kobuqu kunye nokunganeliseki.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiTransience, inxulumene nokutshintsha rhoqo, kuba akukho nto inokuthi ihlale ifana ngonaphakade. Ke ngoko, ixesha lokudlula kufuneka lamkelwe, eliba yiZen Buddhism ukufikelela enyanisweni ngokuguqulwa kwenkqubela phambili, ukuqonda ukuba yonke into iyimbonakaliso.
Ukungabikho koBuqu ngokubhekisele kweli gama kuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mphefumlo ongafiyo kumntu ngamnye kuba, ngokwengcamango yeZen Buddhism, umntu wenziwe ngezinto ezintlanu ezibalulekileyo: umzimba, ingqiqo, imvakalelo, ukuqonda. kunye nemisebenzi yengqondo.
Ukunganeliseki kubhekiswa ekubandezelekeni ngumgangatho wesithathu wobukho. Ihambelana nokuzalwa, ukufa, ukubola, amaxhala, intlungu, Ukuzila, ukuphelelwa lithemba kunye nobukho ngokwabo.
Ukubandezeleka kuvela kwiingcinga zomntu ngokwakhe kunye neemfundiso zeZen Buddhism zijolise ekuncedeni ukuba adlule kwingqondo yakhe, kuba olu tshintsho lobuqu luphunyezwa njengendlela yodwa umntu anokufumana ngayo ulwaneliseko lokwenene kuye. kwaye ke ngoko nehlabathi.
UBuddha wafundisa ukuba umthombo wokubandezeleka ungaphakathi kuye yaye enethemba wagqiba kwelokuba kukho okuthile okunokwenziwa ukucombulula ukunganeliseki kwabantu. Ke iZen Buddhism ivumela izitshixo kuyo ngokusebenza kwayo kwemihla ngemihla.
Iinyaniso ezine eziveliswe yiZen Buddhism
Kwi-Zen Buddhism ukubandezeleka kubonwa ukongeza kwizizathu zabo kunye nento oyifunayo ukuze ufezekise ukunyangwa koku kuphazamiseka ngeenyaniso ezine ezibekekileyo. Eyona nto iphambili bubukho bokunganeliseki, obungenakuphepheka, emva koko kulandelwa ngumnqweno okanye umnqweno njengengcambu yoko kucingelwa ukunganeliseki, ekubeni ijika ibe yintlupheko ekhohlakeleyo ekubeni iphazamisekile ngokufuna ukufezekisa omnye umnqweno.
Inyaniso yesithathu ihambelana nokuphelisa umnqweno ukuze kungabikho ntlungu, ngoko i-Zen Buddhism ikufundisa ukuba wamkele ihlabathi njengoko linjalo ukuze kungabikho ukunganeliseki ngenxa yokulinganiselwa okunobungqina kwihlabathi njengoko kunjalo. Ngoko ke, ngokuyamkela loo nto, umntu uzuza ingqondo elungeleleneyo ukuze anandiphe inkqubo yokuphumeza iminqweno aze amkele ukuba kuya kubakho eminye engayi kuzaliseka.
Inyaniso yesine inxulumene nokusebenza kunye nokuziphatha ngokwemigaqo yokuziphatha, uqeqesho lwengqondo kunye nobulumko obufunyenwe kwi-Zen Buddhism ngohambo lweendlela ezisibhozo, ezi zilandelayo:
- Intetho Echanekileyo
- isenzo esichanekileyo
- Ukuphila Ngokufanelekileyo
- Umzamo ochanekileyo
- Ingqondo echanekileyo
- Ukugxila Okuchanekileyo
- Iingcamango Ezichanekileyo
- Uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo
Uqheliselo lwemihla ngemihla lweZen Buddhism
Ngokuziqhelanisa nemihla ngemihla yolu qeqesho, i-paradigm yenkohliso iyaphulwa, kuba kwisithethe samaBhuda inkohliso iyaziwa ngegama likaMayan, ngoko ke ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo kuvumela umntu ukuba afikelele kwinkululeko ngokuma komzimba owaziwayo ngegama lentyatyambo yelotus.
Kubantu baseNtshona, esi sikhundla sinzima ukufezekisa kuba asiyazi imizimba yethu kwaye ngokwenza lo mkhuba we-Zen Buddhism siphula umfanekiso okhohlisayo owaziwa ngegama le-ego. Ke ivumela abantu ukuba basondele kwiimvakalelo zabo kunye neemvakalelo zabo ukuseka ibhalansi ye-harmonic phakathi komzimba, imvakalelo kunye nengqondo.
Ewe, kolu qeqesho, amandla alawulwa ngokudibanisa ingqondo nomzimba okokuqala ngokuthula ukuze sikwazi ukuzifumana silapha kwaye ngoku ngokucamngca, ukuseka unxibelelwano nendalo kuyo yonke into.
Ekubeni sonke siyinxalenye yendalo kwaye kwi-Zen Buddhism kubalulekile ukuba siphile kunye nezinto ezisisiseko zendalo ezifana namanzi, umhlaba, iinkuni eziphuma kumbono obalulekileyo, ukuqonda ubomi bemihla ngemihla ukuze sifumane iinyaniso ubomi obusinika zona. ingaphakathi layo.
Ngokudibana nabanye ngemigaqo efana noxolo, ukuzibophelela kunye nomanyano ukuya ngaphaya kokukhohlisa, ukoyisa imiqobo enoxanduva lokuyinikezela, njengoko inkosi uMenzan Zuiho echaza ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ngale sicatshulwa :
"... Ekubeni abantu bemfanyekiswe yingqondo ekhohlisayo, abakwazi ukubona umzimba opheleleyo wenyani ngokucacileyo kwaye ... baqonde izinto ngokulungileyo okanye ezimbi, ukuba okanye ukungabikho, ubomi okanye ukufa, izidalwa eziqhelekileyo kunye noBuddha ...".
“…Ukuba amehlo ethu ebevuliwe besiya kuqonda ukuba ulwazi okanye imbono esiyifumana kumava ethu asiyiyo yonke into eyinyani. Esi sizathu sokuba kungabikho mntu unokuzikhulula kwiinkohliso ngaphandle kokuba aqale achithe ukungazi ... "
Oku kunokufezekiswa kuphela ngokwefilosofi yeZen Buddhism xa inqanaba ngalinye libekwe ngendlela echaphazela umzimba wethu, ukukwazi kwethu ukuziva iimvakalelo kunye nemeko apho ingqondo yethu ikuyo ukuze sikwazi ukuya ngaphaya kokukhohlisa kwaye singene ihlabathi lomoya.
Njengoko kungqinwa kwibali elenziwe nguKatsuhiko Yazaki emva kokuchitha iveki ecamngca kwindlu yeemonki yaseZen yaseKido, echaza ngamazwi akhe into ayicingayo njengegama elithi I:
"... Abantu, ngokwahlula ihlabathi lendalo, indalo yomntu kunye nemvelo yabo kwabanye, babanjwe kwiinkohliso ukukhusela i-ego yabo. Siyalibala ukuba le ndalo yonke, njengoko uVivekananda ebenokuthi, ayikho into engaphezu kwendawo yokuzivocavoca apho umphefumlo usetyenziselwa khona ... "
Amabinzana agqamayo kule nfilosofi
Ukongeza, kubonwa kule filosofi yobomi beZen Buddhism inani elikhulu lamabinzana athe aduma kwimbali ngenxa yabameli bawo abaphezulu abakwaziyo ukwenza impembelelo ngaphandle kweenkulungwane, njengoko kunokuboniswa kweli nqaku ukuze u angakubona ukubaluleka kwawo Ngokubhekisele kumandla wamazwi akhe:
“Xa ingqondo iyeka ukushukuma, kuxa ingena kwi-nirvana. I-Nirvana imalunga nohlobo lwengqondo engenanto. Xa ukungazi akukho, abo babizwa ngokuba ngamaBuddha bafumana i-nirvana. Xa kungekho okubizwa ngokuba ziimbandezelo, i-bodhisattvas yiyo engena kwindawo yokuvuka. "
Bodhidharma. Usolusapho wokuqala weZen
"Ukuthetha inyaniso, inyaniso yeZen yinyaniso yabo bonke ubomi, kwaye ubomi buthetha ukuphila, ukukwazi ukuhamba, ukwenza kwaye kungekhona nje ukubonakalisa."
Daisetsu-Suzuki
“Intyatyambo iyawa, nokuba siyithanda kangakanani na; yaye ukhula luyakwazi ukukhula, nangona singaluthandi.”
Dogen Zenji
“Xa umfundi elungile, kuya kuvela umfundisi-ntsapho”
Zen.
Sele uyazi ngale nkcubeko ye-Zen Buddhism ekuvumela ukuba wonwabe apha kwaye ngoku uhlala ngoku, ayifuni ukusindisa umphefumlo wakho njengoko kwezinye iinkolo apha malunga nokuba yinxalenye yendalo. Ukwenza oku, ngokuphindaphinda ukucamngca, kunokukukhokelela ekukhanyiselweni ukwazi ukuba ngowanaphakade kuphela onokuba yinyani kuba ezinye ziyinkohliso.
NgeZen Buddhism unokuhamba nendalo ngokumamela ukufikelela kuxolo lokwenyani ngokuqaphela ukubakho kunye nayo yonke into esingqongileyo. Ukongezelela ekubeni lunqulo, yintanda-bulumko yobomi ukwamkela ubuhle bokungafezeki, ekubeni kungekho nto ipheleleyo yaye akukho nto iya kuhlala ngonaphakade. Ke ngoko ukufunda ukonwabela iinkcukacha ezincinci.
Ubomi yinkqubo yemihla ngemihla yezithethe ezenza ukuba izenzo zivakale ngokuxelelwa kweeanecdotes ezisivumela ukuba sibe banye nendalo, kuba yonke into enolwakhiwo ikwixesha elidluleyo, kungoko ukubaluleka kokucamngca kwaye kwenziwa ngokudibeneyo ukugcina inkuthazo. sebenza ngokuzolileyo.
Ukuba ulifumene linomdla, eli nqaku elithi "Yintoni iZen Buddhism kunye neethiyori zayo ezahlukeneyo" Ndiyakumema ukuba undwendwele la makhonkco alandelayo: