Funda ngeli nqaku umdla konke malunga ngobomi bukaMario Benedetti, umbhali, imbongi, nombhali wemidlalo yeqonga, kwakunye nomsebenzi wobugcisa.
Biography Mario Benedetti
UMario Orlando Hardy Hamlet Brenno Benedetti Farrugia, umbhali, imbongi, umdlali wemidlalo kunye nentatheli. Kwi-Biography kaMario Bendetti ucacisa ukuba umbhali wazalelwa kwi-Uruguayan Capital City yesebe elingaziwa laseTacuarembó, ngoSeptemba 14, 1920.
Ungunyana wamazibulo kaBrenno Benedetti kunye noMatilde Farrugia, owathi, enamathele kumasiko abo aseTaliyane, wambhaptiza ngamagama amahlanu eentsapho.
Ubuntwana
Kwi-1928, uBenedetti waqala izifundo zakhe eziphambili kwi-Colegio Alemán kunye ne-Liceo Miranda, izifundo zakhe zesibini zaphazamiseka ngenxa yeengxaki zezoqoqosho.
Uthe xa eneminyaka eyi-14 waqala ukusebenza eWill Smith, kwiSA Automobile Parts Company, apho wayesebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana: nomthengisi, icashier, stenographer, accountant. Ngowe-1939 wayengunobhala wentloko yesikolo saseRaumsolica, ngaloo ndlela eseka inxalenye enkulu yentsapho yakhe. Emva koko wafudukela eBuenos Aires, eArgentina apho naye wahamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi, kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into wafumanisa ukuthanda kwakhe izibongo.
Umkhondo
Ngo-1941 wabuyela eMontevideo kwaye kamsinya nje emva koko wafumana isikhundla kwi-Ofisi yoCwangciso-mali Jikelele yeSizwe ukusuka ku-1945 ukuya ku-1974. Wayeyinxalenye yesemina kaMarcha njengomhleli, apho wayebambe iqonga elinomdla lokucingisisa kunye nohlalutyo oluphambili kwinkcubeko. I-River Plate, apho wakhuthaza izizukulwana ezithathu zobuntu obunolwazi lwalolu hlobo loncwadi, apho uBenedetti wayeza kuthatha izikhokelo njengomlawuli kwi-1954.
UBenedetti wayelilungu leGeneration ye-45, kunye no-Idea Vilariño kunye noJuan Carlos Onetti phakathi kwabanye.
Ngomhla wama-23 kuMatshi 1946, watshata nesithandwa sakhe, uLuz López Alegre awayemazi kwasebuntwaneni, kwangokunjalo wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala. Incwadi Yemibongo UEva Ongafanelanga .
Umxholo wayo woncwadi uqokelele iincwadi ezingaphezu kwamashumi asibhozo, uninzi lwazo lwaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabini. Kumxholo wentando yakhe, waseka iSiseko esiya kuthwala igama lakhe "Mario Benedetti" ukukhusela indalo yakhe kunye nokunika inkxaso kuhlobo loncwadi kunye nokuthethelelwa kwamalungelo abantu.
Umsebenzi wakhe
Wazibandakanya neqela lokubhala lesemina kaMatshi ngo-1945, apho yahlala de kwangowe-1974, unyaka eyavalwa ngawo ngomyalelo kaJuan María Bordaberry, owayeyirhuluneli. Ngowe-1954 waqeshwa njengomlawuli woncwadi weveki nganye.
Ukupapasha kwakhe okokuqala incwadi yemibongo ethi, UEva Ongaphelelwayo, waxhaswa ngezimali ngobuncwane bakhe, kuquka ukuhlela nokushicilela, yaye yimibhalo engama-500 kuphela eyashicilelwa ngowe-1945.
Isincoko sokuqala
Ekubuyeleni kwakhe eMontevideo, ngowe-1948 wathabatha ulwalathiso lwephephancwadi loncwadi UMarginalia kwaye umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wesincoko uyazalwa adventure kunye noveli (1948), waza wayigqiba incwadi yakhe yokuqala yamabali amafutshane enesihloko Ngomso (ngowe-1949), awathi wawongwa ngeBhaso leSebe Lemfundo Yoluntu. Kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba uMario Benedetti waqatshelwa ngamaxesha amaninzi ngebhaso elikhankanywe ngasentla.
Ukwavunywa njengelungu leBhodi yoHlelo lwephephancwadi iNombolo ngonyaka we-1950; le yenye yeemagazini ezibalulekileyo zelo xesha. Wazimanya ngenkuthalo intshukumo echasene neSivumelwano soMkhosi eUnited States kwaye ulawulo lwakhe kulo mbutho yayikukusasaza imibongo ka-(1950), eyapapashwa yenye yeemagazini ezibalulekileyo ngelo xesha.
Incwadana yakhe yokuqala
Inoveli yakhe yokuqala inesihloko ngubani kuthi kwaye ibonakala ngo-1953, nangona oku kwamkelwe kakuhle ngabagxeki, akuzange kube yimpumelelo ekulindelekileyo kuba ayizange iphawuleke phakathi kwabantu kwaye kwafuneka ilinde umba womthamo wamabali. Montevideons (1959), apho uBenedetti azisa iimpawu ezintsha zengxelo.
Ngale ndlela intsha okanye isitayile le noveli ilandelayo enesihloko esithi «Inyaniso" (1960). Yayingulo msebenzi wokugqibela, lowo wamngcwalisa ngokuqinisekileyo kwaye yayisisiqalo somboniso wakhe wamazwe ngamazwe. Le noveli yayinohlelo olungaphezulu kwekhulu, yaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezilishumi elinesithoba kwaye yenziwa imiboniso bhanyabhanya, ithiyetha, unomathotholo kunye nomabonakude, ezihamba ngaxeshanye nokuqondwa okukhulayo kukaBenedetti njengembongi, enye yezona mpumelelo zakhe zaziwa kakhulu. imibongo yeofisi (1956).
UMario Benedetti akazange abonakaliswe kuphela ngokusebenza kwimibongo, amabali okanye iinoveli. Ngo-1964 wasebenza njengomhlalutyi wethiyetha kunye no-co-director wephepha loncwadi leveki lephephandaba. Ekuseni.
Umbhali wayengumsebenzi we-humorist kwimagazini ye-Peloduro, kwaye wayesaziwa ngegama lesidlaliso elithi "Damocles". Ngeli xesha, umsebenzi kaBenedetti wamkelwa ngokubanzi ngokuba nombono obalulekileyo kwi-cinema INkundla Yabantu, uhamba eCuba kwinkomfa yenkcubeko yaseHaana kunye nenkcazo "Ubudlelwane phakathi kwendoda yesenzo kunye neengqondo", le ntetho yamnika ukungena kwiBhodi yabaLawuli baseCasa de las Américas, kwi-1968.
Uqulunqa kwaye ukhokela iziko lophando loncwadi lweCasa de las Américas, apho wasebenza khona de kube ngu-1971. Emva koko waya eMexico ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwi-II Latin American Congress of Writers.
Kwi-biography kaMario Bendetti, inxaxheba yakhe kwiNgqungquthela yeNkcubeko yaseHavana igqamile kunye nenkcazo "Ngobudlelwane phakathi kwendoda yesenzo kunye nengqondo" kwaye waba lilungu leBhodi yabaLawuli baseCasa de las Américas. Ngowe-1968, waseka waza walathisa iZiko loPhando izindlu zoncwadi zaseCasa de las Américas, isikhundla awayeza kusibamba de kube ngowe-1971.
Idatha yezopolitiko
UMario Benedetti ngo-1971, kunye neqela labemi abasondeleyo kumbutho weSizwe wenkululeko - iTupamaro, waqala i-Movement of Independents ngo-Matshi 26, iqela lasekhohlo le-Broad Front, apho umbhali wayeyinxalenye yeBhodi yesiGqeba, de kube. unyaka we-1973; nangona kunjalo, kulo nyaka lo mbutho wayiphazamisa imisebenzi yawo ngenxa yobhukuqo-mbuso olwaseka ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lomkhosi woluntu elizweni.
Ngenxa ye-coup d'état ye-27 kaJuni 1973, wagqiba ekubeni arhoxe isikhundla sakhe eyunivesithi kwaye ngenxa yokungahambelani kwezopolitiko kwafuneka ahambe e-Uruguay, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ahlale eArgentina, ePeru, eCuba naseSpain.
Kuzo zonke iinyanga ezintlanu ehlala e-United States kwaye ngokuhambelana neengcinga zakhe zezopolitiko, ezichasene nokuthanda izinto eziphathekayo, ubuhlanga, ukungalingani kunye nocalucalulo lwentlalo, wajoyina iqela leenkcuba-buchopho ezinxulumene ne-Cuban Revolution.
Ngenxa yako konke oku ubhala isicatshulwa sakhe sokuqala esibizwa ngokuba Ilizwe lomsila womququ (1960). Ukususela ngoko uye wabandakanyeka ngokukhutheleyo kwezopolitiko.
Enye into ebalulekileyo kwibala lezopolitiko kukuba ukhokela i-Movement of the Independents ka-Matshi 26, eya kuthi kamva idibanise i-Broad Front njengenye indlela kumaqela endabuko: i-Blanco kunye neColorado.
Ukusuka kwimbono yentlalo-ntle, i-biography kaMario Benedetti igxininisa inxaxheba yombhali kwi-II Latin American Congress of Writers, apho wayeyilungu leBhodi yabaLawuli baseCasa de las Américas eHavana. Apho wadala waza wayala iZiko loPhando lwezoNcwadi de kwangowe-1971, xa ebonisa imisebenzi yoncwadi efana ne "Enkosi ngomlilo, ngo-1965", "umhla wokuzalwa kukaJuan Ángel, ngo-1971", "Iileta ezingxamisekileyo, 1973", "La indlu kunye nezitena, Ngo-1977, "Yonke imihla, ngo-1979".
Emva kwaloo minyaka inde wayehlala kuyo waza wabhala elubhacweni kunye nomfazi wakhe, ekwakufuneka ahlale eUruguay ukuze anyamekele oomama babo. U-Benedetti wabuyela kwilizwe lakubo ngo-Matshi 1983, ejoyina iphephancwadi elitsha leBrecha njengeLungu leBhodi yokuHlela, ekwazi ukunika ukuqhubeka kwiprojekthi ephazamisekile yaseMarcha.
Uqhubeka ebhala kwaye andise umsebenzi omde wobumbongi ngale misebenzi ilandelayo: Iinkumbulo ezilityelweyo, 1988, Umoya wokugxothwa, iNtwasahlobo ka-1981 eneKona eyaphukileyo, ngo-1982, iSolitudes yaseBhabheli, ngo-1991, imibuzo engacwangciswanga (1986), Ihlabathi endiphefumla ngalo ( 2001), Insomnia kunye ne-dozes (2002), Ikamva lam elidlulileyo (2003), Sala kakuhle kwaye wamkelekile (2005), Ngqina ngokwakho (2008).
Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje impilo yombhali iye yachaphazeleka kwaye uye walaliswa esibhedlele izihlandlo ezininzi. NgoMeyi 17, 2009, wasweleka kwikhaya lakhe eMontevideo, eneminyaka eyi-88.
Njengenxalenye yelifa loncwadi, imbongi kunye nesincoko sikaMario Benedetti, eyayiyinto yokuqatshelwa okubalulekileyo kunye namabhaso, owona msebenzi uphambili woncwadi onesihloko esithi La tregua ugqamile. Kwinkalo yemibongo, imisebenzi efana nale: Amaqhinga kunye neqhinga, Uluhlu lwempahla, Ingqina lakho okanye Umoya wokugxothwa ugqamile, phakathi kwezinye.
Ukuba ungumntu othanda ukufunda kunye nokuphonononga kwibhayiloji yababhali bemisebenzi emikhulu enje ngokubalwa kweMonte Cristo kunye neMusketeers eziThathu, siyakumema ukuba ufunde Alexander Dumas Biography
Okulandelayo siza kucaphula eli nqaku linomdla kwi-biography yentatheli, umbhali, umbhali wemidlalo kunye nombhali uMario Benedetti ingcamango ebalulekileyo nemfutshane:
¨ Ungancami, ndicela unganikezeli, nokuba kutshisa ingqele, nokuba ilanga lizimele, nomoya uthe cwaka, usekho umlilo emphefumlweni wakho, busekhona ubomi emaphupheni akho.
UMario Benedetti wayegqamile kwimibongo. Apha ngezantsi sinika le mathiriyeli ilandelayo ye-audiovisual ethetha ngemibongo ethile yombhali, imbongi, umbhali, umbhali wezincoko kunye nonoveli.
Ukuphelisa le bhayoloji inomdla yentatheli, umbhali wemidlalo yeqonga, umbhali, kunye nombhali uMario Benedetti, sikushiya ukuba uxabise kumxholo wayo omnye weyona misebenzi ibalaseleyo ephawule ubomi boncwadi balo mlinganiswa, njengeNyaniso….
Uphononongo lweNyaniso
ILa Truce libali lobuqu likaMartín Santomé, umhlolokazi oneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ubudala olangazelela ngakumbi nangakumbi umhlala-phantsi wakhe kwangethuba kunye neengcinga, kunye nokungakhathali okuthile, ixesha apho ixesha lokuphumla liya kufika, ukuhlala ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngomsebenzi, kwaye Oko kuya kuthetha ukuba, ixesha elingasileliyo likaYehova kunye nesiphumo sexesha liyaqina kwaye liqina emzimbeni wakhe.
Kuye kwakhankanywa ukuba ungumhlolo, kodwa unabantwana abathathu, abangenalo ubudlelwane obuhle ngaphandle kukaBlanca, intombi yakhe. ubomi bakhe buqulunqwe yinkqubo ebonakalayo, yokudibana, yokucamngca, apho kunokuthiwa inkangeleko yakhe ilusizi kwaye izinikele kwisiqhelo.
Ubomi bakhe buxhatshazwa zizothuso ezincinci zombane ezibonakala njenge-manifesto yothando kuLaura Avellaneda, ibhinqa eliselula elisanda kufika kwinkampani asebenza kuyo kwaye ungumphathi wakhe osondeleyo. Baqala ibali lothando, kweyona ntsingiselo yeli gama, nalapho babonakalisa ulonwabo olufihlakeleyo.
Oku kubaliswe ngasentla yinkcazo emfutshane yomxholo wencwadi apho umbhali abambe imixholo efana nexesha, ukunxibelelana nexesha elidlulileyo, ubudlelwane nokufa, ukuguquguquka kunye namava abi othandweni nasentlalweni.
Izinto eziye zatsalela ingqalelo ekunyaniseni kwabalinganiswa, ngakumbi uMartín, ozibonakalisa njengomntu onyanisekileyo, othobekileyo, onyanisekileyo, ozaliswe lusizi oluchasene nothando lwebhinqa eliselula elihle.