La UGeorge Isaac biography Inembali ende, apho iye yaba kwaye inikwe isikhundla sokuba ngomnye wamanani abalulekileyo kwimibongo yaseColombia kunye neenoveli. Wayengumbhali ozinikele kuhlobo lothando olwaluphila ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa kweColombia.
Ubomi bukaJorge Isaac
Kwibhayografi kaJorge Isaac Ferrer kufunyenwe ukuba wazalelwa kwisixeko saseCali, eKholombiya, ngoAprili 1, 1837; abazali bakhe yayinguGeorge Henry Isaacs, owayengumYuda oliNgesi owayefudukele eColombia, kwaye unina wayenguManuela Ferrer Scarpetta. Uninzi lweenkcukacha zobuntwana bakhe azaziwa, wayengunyana wesihlanu wabazali bakhe kwaye izifundo zakhe zenziwa okokuqala eCali, emva koko ePompayan kwaye ekugqibeleni iminyaka emininzi, phakathi kwe-1848 kunye ne-1852, e-Bogotá.
Intsapho yakhe yahamba nobunzima bezoqoqosho ngezihlandlo ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yemfazwe yombango ngelo xesha, eyenza uJorge Isaac wabuyela eCali ngaphandle kokukwazi ukugqiba izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphakamileyo. Kamva waqalisa kwihlabathi lezopolitiko apho wayechasa ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lukaJosé María Melo, yaye ngowe-1854 wathabatha inxaxheba waza walwa kumaphulo eCauca kangangeenyanga ezisi-7.
Ngowe-1856, kwiminyaka emibini kamva, watshata noFelisa González Umaña eneminyaka elishumi elinesithoba. Kwandula ke ngonyaka wama-860 wathabatha izixhobo kwakhona ekhusela urhulumente olondolozayo waseMariano Ospina Rodríguez; nangona kunjalo, emva kokufa kukayise ngo-1861 wathatha amashishini osapho, kwaye kwangaloo nyaka wamiselwa njengomhloli ophantsi wemisebenzi yokwakha kwindlela esuka eCali ukuya eBuenaventura nguNjengele Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera.
Ngoxa wayesenza ezi zinto, wosulelwa sisifo seengcongconi waza waqalisa ukubhala imibongo yakhe yokuqala kummandla waseDagua, eqalisa ngokubhala imidlalo yembali kunye nencwadi yakhe ethi María, ekhumbuza amaxesha olonwabo awayekwishumi elivisayo. Kwakhona iingxaki zakhe zezoqoqosho zamnceda wafumana i-echo ngomsebenzi wakhe woncwadi.
Kulo myalelo, ngo-1864 wayehlala eBogotá njengomthengisi, edala unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kwabantu boncwadi besixeko. Wafunda imibongo yakhe kumalungu endibano ethi "El Mosaico", yaye agqiba ekubeni axhase ngemali upapasho olubizwa ngokuba yiPoesías. UJosé María Vergara y Vergara nguye owasungula umsebenzi wokubhala kaJorge Isaac.
Ngonyaka we-1867, umatshini wokushicilela uJosé Benito Gaitán wapapasha incwadi ethi María, eyinoveli eyaphela inika uJorge Isaac udumo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ungquzulwano lwakhe lwezoqoqosho lwaqhubeka kwaye ngelo xesha wayelisekela leqela le-conservative, kwaye watshintshela kwiqela lenkululeko ngo-1869.
Kwi-biographie kaJorge Isaac, kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba wayenomdla omkhulu ekuhlaziyweni kweziseko zemfundo kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nale nto wayephethe izikhundla ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nokufundisa, waza waya kujongana namagunya ecawa yaseColombia ukhuselo kubukho bemfundo yoluntu.
Wabamba isikhundla sokuba ngummeli waseColombia eChile, isikhundla awasinikwa ngowe-1871 waza wahlala kwelo lizwe de kwangowe-1873. Emva koko wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele eColombia apho wazinikezela khona ekulungelelaniseni imfundo eCali, wangenelela kwimicimbi yezobupolitika. yeCauca waza waqalisa inqanaba lomsebenzi omninzi, ekwathatha inxaxheba kwiDabi leChancos.
Ngokufanayo, kwi-biography kaJorge Isaac kugxininiswe ukuba wayebambe isikhundla somphathi jikelele we-Primary Public Instruction kwilizwe laseCaua ngo-1875 kunye naseTolima phakathi kwe-1883 kunye ne-1884. eCauca kunye neSebe lezeMali; Wayelisekela kwi-Chamber of Representatives yaseCauca kwaye ngaphezu kwayo yonke into wayengumkhuseli wemigaqo yenkululeko.
Ngomnyaka we-1880 yena ngokwakhe wabhengezwa njengeNtloko yezoLuntu kunye neMilitary yelizwe lase-Antioquia, kodwa ukuzama ukuguqula umbuso kwasilela kuba akazange afumane inkxaso eyaneleyo kwiqela lakhe nakuRhulumente, ngoko ke ukususela ngoko wagxothwa kwiNqununu kwaye wayishiya. waza waya kuhlala nentsapho yakhe eIbagué.
Kamva, ngo-1881, uRafael Núñez wammisela njengonobhala weKomishoni yeNzululwazi, kwaye waphuhlisa umsebenzi onzima njengomhambi, ingqondo kunye nomkhenkethi, ethatha uhambo olwahlukeneyo ukusuka eSantafé de Bogotá ukuya kwilizwe laseMagdalena apho wafumanisa izinto ezininzi ezintsha malunga nezimbiwa. kunye nezinye izinto; Kwakhona wahlola inxalenye yejografi yaseColombia ehamba kummandla osentshona, iintlango zaseAracataca kwaye watyelela iSierra Nevada kunye neLa Guajira.
Esazi ngokunzulu ngakumbi nge-anthropology yaseColombia ngenxa yohambo lwakhe, wapapasha ngo-1887 uphando ngezizwe zomthonyama zelizwe laseMagdalena. Kule biography kaJorge Isaac inokongezwa ukuba emva kwekhefu kolu hambo, waqala ukuphinda aqhubeke ngokwenza uphononongo olutsha olusingise kumazantsi e-Cundinamarca, apho wafumanisa khona imiqolomba eyayinentsalela yakudala kakhulu yabantu.
NgoNovemba 1886 wathabatha olunye uhambo, kodwa ngesi sihlandlo etyhutyha imimandla yaseSeville, eAracataca, eFundación, eMontería, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi, apho wafumanisa khona iidipozithi ezinjengeoli nephosphate yekalika. Kamva, uJorge Isaac wathabatha umhlala-phantsi waya kuhlala e-Ibagué nentsapho yakhe, apho wafela khona ngoAprili 17, 1895, yaye akazange akwazi ukugqiba zonke iinoveli awayesebenza kuzo, kwakunye noCamilo noFania. Funda ngakumbi malunga nobomi babanye ababhali abanje Ubomi bukaParracio Celdran.
Obra
Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba i-biographie kaJorge Isaac iye yaphenjelelwa kwiminyaka ngabanye ababhali, abaye basisiseko kulwazi lwakhe, kunye nentshayelelo kaBaldomero Sanín Cano kwi-Complete Poesies ye-1920, kunye nomsebenzi waseJamani Arciniegas Genius.
Njengakwibhayografi kaJorge Isaac, umsebenzi wakhe woncwadi unesiqalo kwaye oku kuqala xa incwadi yakhe yemibongo yapapashwa ngo-1864, kwaye inoveli yakhe ekuphela kwayo ebizwa ngokuba nguMaría yapapashwa ngo-1867, ithathwa njengenye yezona ncwadi zibalulekileyo okanye ezibalaseleyo. Uncwadi lwaseLatin America lwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Inoveli kaJorge Isaac isekwe kumava othando ahlukeneyo, antywiliselwe kwithoni entle kwaye ebalisa ngokugqibeleleyo amabali othando abuhlungu kaMaría kunye nomzala wakhe uEfraín. Yile ndlela ke ngoMeyi wonyaka we-1867 lo msebenzi wobugcisa uvela kwisixeko saseBogotá, inoveli eyafumana impumelelo ekhawulezileyo, apho kuye kwafuneka senze iinkupho ezingaphezulu kwamashumi amabini kulo lonke ixesha lenkulungwane.
Ukulandela lo mgca wezimvo, le yinoveli evunyiweyo kakhulu ngabagxeki boncwadi bamaxesha onke, kwaye bayibeka njengeyona noveli yothando ibalaseleyo kwiLatin America, enike i-biography kaJorge Isaac indawo entle kakhulu kunye nendawo ebalulekileyo kwimbali yoncwadi. yeeklasikhi zehlabathi jikelele.
Kumxholo wenoveli uMaría, kukho abalinganiswa ababini, u-Efraín noMaría, abahlala kunye iinyanga ezininzi, kodwa emva kwexesha elithile u-Efraín kufuneka ashiye iNtlambo aze ahambe eLondon ukuze agqibe imfundo yakhe aze aqhubeke nezifundo zakhe. nto leyo emnyanzelayo ukuba ahlukane nomzala wakhe uMaría, amthanda ngokunzulu.
Xa uEfraín ebuya kolo hambo olwabangela ukwahlukana kothando lwakhe olukhulu, kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva, uMaría ufile. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ngumsebenzi onokuhlalutywa kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo, abanye abagxeki baqinisekisa ukuba yayiyinoveli ebomini bokwenyani nguJorge Isaac, kwaye ukuba umlingiswa kaMaría ngokwenene wayenguMaría Mercedes Cabal owayehlala kwi-hacienda « El Paraíso» kwaye owathi kamva waba ngumfazi kaMongameli Manuel María Mallarino.
Kwelinye icala, le noveli inokuthathwa njengesandulela senoveli yesiCreole eyavela phakathi kweminyaka yee-1920 kunye neyee-1930, kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha iye yaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezingama-31. Kungenxa yale nto nangaphezulu, kokubini eColombia nakumazwe amaninzi aseLatin America, uJorge Isaac waba ngumntu owaziwayo, owamenza ukuba angene kwimisinga yobuntatheli kunye nezopolitiko. Kwindima yentatheli, wayala ngo-1867 iphephandaba iLa República, apho amanqaku angemiba yezopolitiko apapashwa.
Kwinoveli yakhe uMaría, ukunyaniseka kunye nokuthandana kweetekisi zakhe kuyaphawuleka, ezi zimbini zemisinga yoncwadi ehlala inxibelelana ngaphakathi komsebenzi. Umjelo wothando uxhomekeke kwimvakalelo kunye nexesha elidlulileyo, kwaye kweyesibini yangoku ebhekisa kwinyani, ibonisa iimpawu ezininzi zenoveli ye-Hispano-American kunye nokufunyanwa komhlaba waseMelika kuyabonwa.
