La ngobomi buka-Agustin de Iturbide akhawunti yokuba wayeyindoda yasemkhosini kunye nepolitiki yemvelaphi yaseMexico, wayeyinxalenye yemfazwe yaseMexico yokuzimela. Naye, wayeneenjongo ezichaseneyo zoMgaqo-siseko weCadiz.
Ubomi buka-Agustin de Iturbide
La ngobomi buka-Agustin de Iturbide isixelela ukuba wazalwa ngoSeptemba 27, 1783 ePadilla Tamaulipas eMexico. Wakhula njengendoda yasemkhosini kwaye waphuhla kwezopolitiko zaseMexico.
Yayiyinxalenye yexesha lokuqala leMfazwe yaseMexico yokuzimela. Kuloo nkqubo, wayephethe ulwalathiso lomkhosi wasebukhosini, ngenjongo yokuphelisa abavukeli.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wasebenza njengomlawuli kwi-triennium yenkululeko eSpain, ngenjongo yokulwa noVicente Guerrero, owayengumlingiswa owenza njengesikhokelo sabavukeli baseSierra Madre del Sur.
Kwangaxeshanye, ibalasele ngokuba neengcamango ezichasene ngokupheleleyo nezo zazikuMgaqo-siseko waseCádiz. Imeko eyakhokelela ekubeni ajongane nabavukeli kwimiba echasene nalo mgaqo-siseko.
Ngendlela efanayo, kwabhengezwa kwiSicwangciso sase-Iguala ngoFebruwari 24, 1821. Kwakhona ngaphakathi kwi-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, kufuneka kuchazwe ukuba ngo-Agasti waloo nyaka iSivumelwano saseCórdoba sasayinwa, apho Wathatha inxaxheba njengo. kunye noJuan O Donojú. Kusemva koku kufumaneka inkululeko, kanye nge-27 kaSeptemba waloo nyaka.
Urhulumente wethutyana
Ngokwengxelo engobomi buka-Agustín de Iturbide, nguye owayelawula ulawulo lukarhulumente wokuqala ngesikhundla sethutyana eMexico. Emva koko, ngoMeyi 18, 1822, iqela labemi balapho lamvakalisa njengomlawuli. Kungemva koku ukuba ngoMeyi 19 waloo nyaka, iCongress ithathe isigqibo sokumnyula ngokusemthethweni, inikezele ngotyalo-mali olundilisekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, kwiinyanga ezimbini kamva, kwathiwa nguAgustín I.
Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba ngoDisemba 1822 iintshukumo zabavukeli zaqulunqwa ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-Veracruz Plan, eyandulelwa nguAntonio López de Santa Anna. Umlinganiswa owayenemibono yeriphabliki yabavukeli kwezo zolawulo lwasebukhosini.
NgoFebruwari wonyaka olandelayo, ukusayinwa kweSicwangciso seCasa Mata senziwa, oku kwabangela ukuba amaRiphabhlikhi kunye namaBourbonists amanyane ngenjongo yokoyisa ulawulo luka-Agustín de Iturbide.
Emva kwazo zonke iimeko ezibangelwa ngabavukeli, unquma ukuhoxisa eYurophu ngoMatshi waloo nyaka. Nangona wayengekho eMexico, iCongress yaseMexico inquma ukuhlukanisa u-Agustín I njengomngcatshi; konke oku ekubeni warhoxa kwisikhundla sakhe ngokuchasene nemithetho yommandla waseMexico. Ngale ndlela wabizwa ngokuba lutshaba lukawonke-wonke lwaseMexico, elumkisa ngelithi kungabikho mntu ufanele amncede abuyele kweli lizwe.
Le meko yayingaziwa nguAgustín de Iturbide, ngoko wabuyela kwintsimi yaseMexico ngoJulayi 19, 1824, ngenjongo yokubonisa urhulumente ukuba ufuna ukuqulunqa icebo lokuphinda awuthabathe umhlaba wama-Aztec.
Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba akufika kwizibuko laseTamaulipas, wavalelwa entolongweni, ukuze ekugqibeleni abulawe.
Ushiyekile
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokutsho kwebhayiloji ka-Agustín de Iturbide, ngowe-1838, kwagqitywa ekubeni kuthuthwe amathambo akhe eTamaulipas aye kwisiXeko saseMexico, ngenjongo yokumbeka kwiCawe yaseSan Felipe de Jesús, ngokukodwa kwiCathedral yeMetropolitan. . Kulapha apho amathambo akhe ngoku anokubonwa ngaphakathi kwi-urn eyenziwe ngeglasi.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba igama layo lihambelana ngokuthe ngqo neflegi yendawo yaseMexico. Ukongeza koku, i-Iturbide yayiyinxalenye yesitanza samazwi okuqala oMhobe weSizwe waseMexico, ixesha elide. Noko ke, oku kwapheliswa ngowe-1943.
Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba ngaphandle kweenjongo zakhe ezichaseneyo, i-saber awayisebenzisayo kumboniso woMkhosi weTrigarante ingaphakathi kwiholo yeCongress. Ukuhlonipha kunye negama lakhe kunye nelo labavukeli i-Iturbide yayinenjongo yokulwa.
Ukuzimela
Ngokutsho kwe-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, wayengumntu obalulekileyo, owayeyinxalenye yokuzimela kweMexico. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba izigaba ezamkhokelela ekubeni athathe inxaxheba kule nkqubo eyakhokelela ekubeni ummandla waseMexico ukhululeke.
Ubomi buka-Agustín de Iturbide kubantwana
La Ubomi buka-Agustín de Iturbide kubantwana, isixelela ukuba le ndoda yayingumntu obalulekileyo kwimbali yaseMexico, yakhula njengejoni kwaye inxalenye enkulu yobomi bayo yachithwa kwiinkalo zezopolitiko zesizwe sakhe. Ungalibali ukuzazisa ngamanqaku anje Biography Guadalupe Victoria
Ukongeza koku, wayemele ukuba nguye owayalela imikhosi ye-Trigarante Army, apho wakwazi ukufumana inkululeko epheleleyo kunye nokuzimela kwizandla zaseSpain zommandla wama-Aztec. Kwelinye icala, ibalaselisa ukukhula kwakhe kwezopolitiko njengomlawuli wokuqala ukulawula iMexico.
I-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide ibonisa ukuba lo mlingiswa obaluleke kakhulu wazalwa eValladolid ngo-1783. Kwakhona, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba yena ngokwakhe wafela ePadilla kwindawo yaseTamaulipas ngo-1824.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba wayengunyana woyise ofudukayo waseBasque, owayenookhokho besizukulwana esihloniphekileyo. Emva koko, unina wayengumfazi omhle owayenemvelaphi yaseMichoacan.
Uphuhliso kwibhayografi ka-Agustín de Iturbide
Ngeminyaka eyi-17, ngokutsho kwe-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, uthatha isigqibo sokujoyina i-infantry esebenza kwisixeko apho wazalelwa khona waza wakhulela khona. Emva koko, uqhubela phambili ukutshata noAna María de Huarte eneminyaka eyi-22.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ngenxa yobume bakhe bomkhosi, ngaphambi kokukhuthaza izenzo zokuzimela, wasebenza phantsi komyalelo weenkokeli zemvelaphi yaseSpain. Kukule ndawo apho athi afumane ukubaluleka anako njengoko iminyaka yakhe njengejoni idlula. Uyakwazi ukoyisa ngokuchasene nabavukeli abaninzi nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni agqame phakathi kwabanye.
Ngomnyaka we-1813 u-Viceroy Félix María Calleja, ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe omhle, unquma ukumisela u-colonel, owamkhokelela ekubeni abe nobunkokeli bemikhosi yaseCelaya. Emva kwemisebenzi yakhe emihle eofisini, unikwa ulawulo olupheleleyo lweGuanajuato, eyaba yenye yemimandla elawulwa kakhulu zizenzo zemvukelo.
Ibhayografi ka-Agustín de Iturbide, kwelinye icala, ibonisa uloyiso olunxulumene nezicwangciso zomlinganiswa ezicwangcisiweyo ngokuchasene nabavukeli. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba le ndoda yagxekwa kabukhali ngokuphatha abantu abangalwiyo ngokutya okuncinci.
Ikwabalaseliswa nakwi-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide ukuba le ndoda yeza kubamba abafazi, oomama nabantwana babo babebizwa ngokuba ngabavukeli. Konke oku ngeenjongo zokukhohlisa abavukeli.
Kuthiwa ubongoza ukuba kugwetywe rhoqo, kwenziwe kwabo akholelwa ukuba bafanele ukwenza oko phambi korhulumente. Kwelinye icala, phakathi kweenkalo ezintle, wayeyixhasa imikhosi yakhe ngamaxesha awayengafumani nzuzo ngayo kwezoqoqosho.
Wavuselela umdla wamajoni ekufuneni inkululeko yaye wayenomdla kwimfundo yamajoni akhe.
Iminyaka yokuqala njengomkhosi wasebukhosini
Abazali bakhe yayinguJosé Joaquín de Iturbide y Arregui kunye noMaría Josefa de Aramburú y Carrillo de Figueroa. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba i-Aramburú yavela e-Oyarzun Guipúzcoa eSpain.
Kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala uAgustín de Iturbide wayeyinxalenye yeTridentine Seminary, ngenjongo yokufunda igrama yesiLatini. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba wayeka isikolo xa wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu. Konke oku, ngeenjongo zokusebenza kulawulo lwefama kayise.
Ngomnyaka we-1800, uthatha isigqibo sokujoyina inkonzo yasemkhosini, esebenza njenge-lieutenant ye-regiment yephondo eyenza i-Valladolid. Kufuneka kuchazwe ukuba le nto yayilawulwa yi-Count of Rul.
Ngokufanayo, u-Iturbide watshata no-Ana María Josefa Huarte y Muñiz ngoFebruwari 27, 1805. Le ntombazana yayiyintombi ka-Isidro Huarte, naye owayenemvelaphi yasePeninsular yaseSpain. Ukongeza koku, utatazala wakhe waphuhla njengosodolophu wephondo. Kwelinye icala, uAna María wayengumzukulwana weMarquis yaseAltamira. Zonke ezi mpawu zentsapho zamkhokelela ekubeni abe nekhazi elihle awathenga ngalo ifama yaseApeo eMaravatío.
ingxaki yezopolitiko
Ngelixa ingxaki yezopolitiko ye-1808 yayisenzeka kwintsimi yaseMexico, u-Agustín de Iturbide wayephenjelelwa yintlangano yobhukuqo eyayikhokelwa nguGabriel de Yermo.
Kungemva koku ukuba ngowe-1809 wagqiba ekubeni abe yinxalenye yokucinezelwa kweNgqungquthela yeValladolid. Le ntshukumo yayikhokelwa nguJosé Mariano Michelena kunye noJosé María García Obeso.
Ngo-Okthobha ngo-1810, ngelo xesha kwakuqhutywa ulawulo lweValladolid, u-Iturbide wagqiba ekubeni angabi yinxalenye yemvukelo eneempawu zokuzimela geqe ekhokelwa nguMiguel Hidalgo y Costilla, nangona wayethenjiswe isikhundla sokuba nguLieutenant General. . .
Ngenxa yoloyiso abavukeli baloyisa ngakumbi nangakumbi, uAgustín de Iturbide wagqiba kwelokuba afudukele kwisiXeko saseMexico. Emva koko, unquma ukuba yinxalenye yemfazwe yaseMonte de las Cruces, apho wayekhokelwa nguTorcuato Trujillo.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ngenxa yokusebenza kwakhe kwimfazwe yaseMonte de las Cruces, i-Iturbide yanikezelwa nguViceroy Francisco Xavier Venegas. Emva koko, unikwa isihloko somthetheli wenkampani ye-Huichapan yebutho laseToluca.
Izenzo eziphantsi kwesi sikhundla ziye zagqama ukuphelisa uvukelo-mbuso oluninzi oluxhasa umlo wenkululeko yaseMexico, kwanangaphambi kokuthwala isiqhamo. Ngo-1811, unikwa umyalelo wokuba aye emazantsi kumhlaba waseMexico.
Konke ngenjongo yokulwa nabavukeli benkululeko ekhokelwa nguAlbino García Ramos, owathi emva koku wakwazi ukubamba. Kwangaxeshanye, ulwa noRamón López Rayón, awamoyisayo kwiBhulorho yaseSalvatierra.
Izenzo zakhe zamkhokelela ekubeni afumane iimpepha zekholoneli. Yintoni eyamkhuthaza ukuba aqhubeke esilwa ngokuchasene nemibutho yokuzimela, phantsi kwesikhundla somphathi jikelele, kwintsimi yaseGuanajuato.
uloyiso noloyiso
Kwakungowe-1815 awathi uAgustín de Iturbide wakwazi ukoyisa uJosé María Morelos. Nangona kunjalo, emva koko woyiswa nguIgnacio López Rayón. Ngokufanayo, uloyiso olwafunyanwayo lwamvumela ukuba abe newonga lekholoneli.
Kwelinye icala, umfundisi waseGuanajuato, owayebizwa ngokuba nguAntonio Labarrieta, ugqiba kwelokuba atyhole uAgustín ngokutshabalalisa aze alawule urhwebo olwaluqhubeka kuloo mmandla. Oko wathatha intengiso yoboya, iswekile, imidiza kunye neoli.
Esi sikhalazo sakhokelela kwabanye, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba uViceroy Félix María Calleja amsuse esikhundleni sakhe ngo-1816. Ukongeza koku, waqhubeka emmangalela ngokukhwabanisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya.
Zonke ezi zityholo zaxolelwa ngokungenelela kwasebukhosini, kodwa akazange abuyele kumyalelo waseGuanajuato. Owamsa eMichoacán. Noko ke, akazange ahlale xesha lide, ekubeni ngonyaka olandelayo wayesele ekwisiXeko saseMexico, ummandla apho wayesethunzini kangangexesha elithile.
Ngokutsho kwengxelo engobomi buka-Agustín de Iturbide, ngexesha lokoyiswa kwakhe edabini laseCóporo, wazilela ukoyiswa kwakhe noMphathi uVicente Filisola, ekubeni amadabi amaninzi ayefile.
Ukongeza koku, i-Iturbide ibonise ukuba ukuzimela kommandla kunokufezekiswa ngezicwangciso-qhinga ezinobundlobongela. Njengoko kwakunjalo ngesivumelwano phakathi kwabavukeli kunye nemikhosi yokumkani waseSpain. Noko ke, ngenxa yongquzulwano olwalusenziwa ngabanye, kuye kwafuneka ukuba kupheliswe iinkokeli zezo mvukelo.
Iyelenqe
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uloyiso olukhokelwa nguRafael de Riego eSpain ngonyaka we-1820, lwavumela izinto zenkqubo entsha ukuba zenziwe eSpain. Phakathi kwezinto ezibalaseleyo, i-Conservatives yayijonge indlela yokuthintela amanyathelo aqatha ukuba aqhutywe. Imeko eyabangela ukuba amaphulo aqaliswe ngamasekela eCortes yekomkhulu laseSpain.
Ngokubhekele phaya, amaqela alwela inkululeko afuna indlela yokumisela kwakhona imiba yomgaqo-siseko wenkululeko owamiselwa ngowe-1812 eSpeyin. Konke oku kukukhangela ukuba nolawulo lwe viceroyalty.
Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni abo babambelele kwisithethe ababeyinxalenye yezidwangube eziphezulu yaye abefundisi baqalise ukubamba iintlanganiso kwiSan Felipe Neri Oratory. Bonke babefuna ukuphucula iimeko ezinokubathwaxa. Kungeso sizathu ke le nto abaninzi babiza iintlanganiso ngokuba liYelenqe labaProfethi.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba le ngqungquthela yayikhokelwa nguMatías de Monteagudo kwaye phakathi kwabalinganiswa abathatha inxaxheba kuyo yayingabadibanisi kwi-coup d'état eyenziwa eMexico emva kweengxaki zezopolitiko kwintsimi.
Zininzi izicwangciso ezaziyinxalenye yeziganeko ezenziwa eSpeyin. Zonke ezi zenzo zavumela ukuzimela kweNew Spain ukuba kuphunyezwe. Ukuze kwakhiwe ubukhosi obuya kuyalelwa ngumlinganiswa waseSpain.
Le nkqubo ifuna indoda ebalulekileyo yasemkhosini eyayinemibono egxile kulondolozo ngokupheleleyo. Oku kwavumela uViceroy Juan Ruiz de Apodaca ukuba akhethe i-Iturbide njengoMlawuli Jikelele owalathisa emazantsi ommandla.
Iturbide kunye nomsebenzi wakhe
NgoNovemba 9, 1829, isekela lacela i-Iturbide ukuba ithathe indawo kaGabriel Armijo. Emva koko, ngoNovemba 13 kwangaloo nyaka, isikhundla somphathi sanikelwa kuye ngokusemthethweni.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ngaxa lithile kamva, xa wayesinge emazantsi, wasishiya isikhundla sokuba ngumphathi. Oku, ngenjongo yokuba yi-brigadier kunye nokuba yinxalenye ye-Celaya regiment kwakhona.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Liberals yayifuna uJuan Gómez Navarrete, owayesebenza njengesekela eCortes, ukuba aqondise iSicwangciso sokuzimela kwikomkhulu laseSpain.
Le nkqubo yayifuna ukuba nabani na owalathisa ummandla waseMexico abe lilungu lentsapho yasebukhosini baseSpeyin. Ngoxa kwakusenzeka le meko, kwafuneka ukuba u-Iturbide asinge emazantsi namajoni awayewaphethe. Konke oku ngenjongo yokulwa no-General Vicente Guerrero.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba uVicente Guerrero wenza njengenkokeli ezimeleyo. Kwelinye icala, u-Iturbide wazama ukukholisa uGuerrero, ngenjongo yokuba aye kwicala lakhe kwaye ke akwazi ukwenza isicwangciso esingcono ngokuchasene notshaba.
Oku kungenxa yokuba uxolelwaniso belunomdla owakhayo kwabo baphuhliswe ngeempawu zenkululeko, kunye nabo basebenze njengabagcini bexesha.
Iphulo elichasene noGuerrero kunye ne-Ascencio
Ubunkokheli Jikelele boMzantsi, bugxile kwimimandla esuka eTaxco, eIguala, ukuya kunxweme loLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba umkhosi weembono zokwenene wawunolawulo lommandla osemantla. Oku kwasasazwa ukusuka eZacualpan, eCuernavaca naseCuautla.
Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba ummandla osentshona wawuphantsi kolawulo lukaColonel Ráfols kwaye ummandla osempuma wawuphantsi kobunkokeli bukaLieutenant Colonel Miota. Kwelinye icala, lowo wayelawula ummandla woMlambo iMezcala de waphumela elwandle, yayinguJuan Isidro Brown.
Intsalela yomkhosi yayikhokelwa nguArmijo, owayevela eAcapulco, eTixtla, eChilapa naseTeloloapan. Kwelinye icala, uPedro Ascencio waphuhla eAjuchitlán nakwiintaba zeCoronilla.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba umkhosi owawukhokelwa nguFrancisco Quintanilla wawuzinze eGuerrero, wavakalisa ithemba elincinane kulo mba wamasekela awayeye kwi-peninsula, kwaye waphinda wathi isaci senjongo yabo yayikukukhululeka kunye nenkululeko. Wabonisa ukuba akazange oyikiswe yimikhosi yasemkhosini yaye yonke into engenanto yakwenza nokuzimela kwakuya kuphikiswana ngayo kwithafa ledabi.
NgoJanuwari 25 waloo nyaka, uPedro Ascencio wagqiba kwelokuba ayiphelise imikhosi eyayikhokelwa nguColonel Ráfols. Oku kwenziwa kwintsimi yaseTotomaloya. Le meko yabangela ukuba imikhosi yeembono ezingokoqobo iye ngaseSultepec.
Kwiintsuku kamva, uFrancisco Antonio Berbejo, owayelilungu lasebukhosini, wathatha ulawulo lokulwa nabavukeli. Oku kwenziwa kwintsimi ekufutshane nendawo engqonge iChichihualco.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba umphumo wale meko waphela ngokwenzakala kwicala lasebukhosini. Oku kubangele ukuba imikhosi eseleyo ithathe isigqibo sokubalekela kumasipala waseTeloloapan.
Emva koko, i-Iturbide inquma ukudibana noQuintanilla ngenjongo yokumnika amaqhinga okwenza iSicwangciso se-Iguala. Oku kwavumela uQuintanilla, kunye nabanye abaphathi abafana noManuel Díaz de Lamadrid kunye noJosé María González, ukuxhasa u-Agustín de Iturbide kwisicwangciso sakhe.
Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba u-Epitacio Sánchez, owayekhokela umkhosi wamahashe eFrontera, wadibanisa imikhosi kunye neenjongo zokwenene. Konke oku kwaba nesiphumo sokuba ngoDisemba 21 waloo nyaka kwakukho amadoda angama-2500 kumkhosi wasebukhosini.
imizimba yenyani
Ngomhla wama-22 kaDisemba, ngokukhokelwa nguColonel Carlos Moya, umkhosi wamadoda amalunga namakhulu amane, unomsebenzi wokujika iqela elikhokelwa nguVicente Guerrero, ngenjongo yokuthatha imihlaba yaseSierra de Jaliaca. Funda ngakumbi kancinci malunga namanqaku afana Amaqhawe abantwana
Emva koko, uJosé Antonio de Echávarri wasebenzisa izicwangciso eziza kumkhokelela ekulawuleni imikhosi evukelayo kaPedro Ascencio. Kwelinye icala, amaqela amabini asebenza ngaphakathi kwiFort yaseSan Diego, ngenjongo yokuphelisa unxibelelwano olwalukho phakathi kwamaqela abavukeli.
YayinguPedro Ascencio owakwaziyo ukoyisa iqela elalikhokelwa nguAgustín de Iturbide kummandla okufuphi neTlatlaya ngoDisemba 28, 1820. Phakathi kwamajoni awileyo aneembono zokwenene kwakukho uJosé María González.
Ndiyabulela ngenkxaso kaQuintanilla, i-Iturbide ikwazi ukuhoxisa eTeololapan, konke ukwenzela ukunika uncedo kwimikhosi. Emva koko, i-viceroy inquma ukuthumela i-35000 pesos. Kwelinye icala, ubhishophu waseGuadalajara uJuan Ruiz de Cabañas uyaqhubeka nokuthumela iipeso ezingama-25000.
Emva kweentsuku ezintlanu zamanyathelo athathiweyo, ngoJanuwari 2, 1821, uGuerrero wakwazi ukoyisa amadoda angamakhulu amane awayephantsi kolwalathiso lukaCarlos Moya. Oku kwenziwa kwidabi laseZapotepec, ummandla okufuphi neChilpancingo.
Ngokutsho kwengxelo engobomi buka-Agustín de Iturbide, zonke iziganeko ezenzekayo zakhokelela ekuqondeni ukuba abavukeli babenesandla esiphezulu, ekubeni babewazi kakuhle ngakumbi ummandla ezingquzulwano eziye zenzeka kuwo.
Kungenxa yoko le nto uthatha isigqibo sokwenza isicwangciso esithunyelwa ngokukhawuleza kuVicente Guerrero ngeleta efika ngoJanuwari 10, apho egxininisa injongo yokuba nomfelandawonye wethutyana.
imvukelo
Kwileta eyayithunyelwe kuGuerrero Iturbide, wazama ukumxelela ukuba abavukeli uJosé Sixto Verduzco, uNicolás Bravo noIgnacio López Rayón babesele bekhululeke ngokupheleleyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubonisa ukuba amasekela aseNew Spain aye agqiba ekubeni aye eSpain ngenjongo yokwazisa iNkongolo yePeninsula ukuba bafuna enye yabantwana abancinci ukuba bakhokele iNew Spain.
Kwangokunjalo, wabonisa ukuba wayenemikhosi eyimfuneko yokumoyisa yaye ngokulandelayo banokumthumelela amadoda amaninzi nezixhobo zokuseka amajoni. Konke oku kukhokelele uGuerrero ukuba asithathe ngononophelo olukhulu isindululo sika-Iturbide. Yingakho ethatha isigqibo sokuphendula ngoJanuwari 20, egxininisa iinkalo ezithile zenkululeko.
Wabonisa ukungavumelani malunga nezigqibo ezithathwe ngamasekela aseMelika eCortes yaseCádiz, kunye nezenzo zikaViceroy Francisco Xavier Venegas ngabavukeli.
Ngoko ke, ngalo mzekelo, uGuerrero ufuna ukugqamisa ukuba akakholelwa kwizenzo ezithathwe ngamasekela. Oku kwabalaselisa ukuba usukelo lwakhe lwalusekelwe ngokuyintloko kwinkululeko nakwinkululeko.
Ngendlela efanayo, wabonisa ukuba umkhosi omkhulu womkhosi awuyi kuphelisa iinjongo zakhe. Ngoko ke, yonke into eyayingekho kwicala lenkululeko yayiza kuyisa edabini, ekubeni yayiza kufuna ukuyiphelisa.
uhlaselo lwamajoni
NgoJanuwari 25, 1821, uPedro Ascencio waqhubeka nokuhlasela imikhosi eyayikhokelwa nguColonel Ráfols kwintsimi yaseTotomaloya. Le meko yabangela ukuba abasebukhosini basasazeke de bafike eSultepec.
Yayiyikholoneli yeembono ezisengqiqweni uFrancisco Antonio Berdejo, ogqiba kwelokuba ahlasele abavukeli kwintsimi yaseChichihualco. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba babeneingxwelerha ezimalunga namashumi amahlanu, amajoni agqiba kwelokuba arhoxe.
Ukwamkelwa kweAcatempan
Ngomhla we-4 kaFebruwari, uAgustín de Iturbide ugqiba ekubeni abhale ileta ebhekiswe eGuerrero kwakhona. Kuyo, ucebisa ukuba badibanele kummandla waseChilpancingo, ngeenjongo zokwenza isivumelwano soxolo, esikhuthaza impilo-ntle yabantu baseMexico.
Ngubani owayemele i-Iturbide xa wayethumela ileta yayinguAntonio Mier y Villagómez. Le ndibano ibibanjelwe kwindawo yaseAcatempan. Bobabini uGuerrero kunye ne-Iturbide babonise imikhosi. Noko ke, ukusebenzisa izigalo kwakungeyomfuneko, ekubeni bobabini babethetha ngokuzolileyo yaye bada bawolana ngenjongo yokuvala uxolo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ngokweerekhodi kwi-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, uJosé Figueroa nguye owayemele abavukeli. Kungumbulelo kule ntlanganiso ukuba uGuerrero uthatha isigqibo sokubeka imikhosi yakhe kwi-Iturbide.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uManuel Díaz wayenomsebenzi wokuhlangana noPedro Celestino Negrete, ngenjongo yokufumana inkxaso yakhe ngaphakathi kwintsimi eyayilawula. Ngokufanayo, uFrancisco Quintanilla waya eValladolid kunye naseGuanajuato, ngenjongo yokudibana noQuintanar, u-Anastasio Bustamante kunye noLuis Cortázar befuna ukusebenzisana.
Emva kwazo zonke ezi ziganeko, u-Agustín de Iturbide unquma ukudibana noMiguel Torres eSultepec. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasekela aseVeracruz anquma ukufudukela kwiNkomfa yaseSpain, ekubeni bafunde ngezicwangciso ababefuna ukulungelelaniswa ne-Iturbide kunye nabalingane bakhe. Le meko yabangela ukungonwabi nokungathembani.
Isicwangciso sase-Iguala
NgoFebruwari 24, 1821, iCebo laseIguala laqala. Oku kwakhiwe njengenkqubo yezopolitiko enamanqaku angamashumi amabini anesine. Apho kwagqama imiba enxulumene nenkcubeko yamaKatolika, kunye nemiba yenkululeko.
Kwelinye icala, ukukhululwa kukarhulumente kweNew Spain kuyabhengezwa. Apho ulwakhiwo olusekelwe kurhulumente wobukhosi lusekwe phantsi kolawulo oluthile, olusekelwe kumgaqo-siseko. Itrone yanikelwa kuFernando VII waseSpain kwaye nokuba wala, ingaba lilungu lentsapho yakhe.
Kwangaxeshanye, ngolu hlobo lorhulumente, injongo yayikukumisela unqulo lwamaKatolika njengolona qheliselo luphambili nelufanele lwenziwe kwelo lizwe. Okuze nokunyamezela ezinye iindlela zonqulo. Noko ke, ukumkani wayenqwenelwa ukuba abe negunya ngaphezu kwalo naliphi na elinye iziko.
U-Agustín de Iturbide ugqiba kwelokuba athumele ileta kwi-viceroy, apho wayefuna ukugqamisa abalinganiswa ababalulekileyo ababephuhlisa umsebenzi ngaphakathi kwikomkhulu laseMexico.
Kwelinye icala, i-Iturbide ibonisa ukuba bekucebisekile ukuba kubanjwe iNtlanganiso kaRhulumente. Ukongeza koku, wagxininisa ukuba akazange acinge ukuba uFernando VII ufanelekile ngokwaneleyo ukuba asebenzise imisebenzi yakhe njengokumkani. Kwelinye icala, wabonisa ukuba ukuba ukumkani okanye nayiphi na intsapho yakhe isamkela isikhundla sikarhulumente, kufanele kusetyenziswe umgaqo-siseko olinganiselweyo.
Zonke ezi nkqubo zicetywayo zabhengezwa njengenxalenye yazo ngenjongo yokumisela kwakhona amandla olawulo lwabefundisi. Apho, ukongeza, i-pre-eminences yayiza kubuyiselwa, emva kokuba iingxaki eziqhubekayo zihluthwe kumalungu eCawa yamaKatolika.
bamba isicwangciso
Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba ngokwe-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, i-Army yase-Trigarante kufuneka isungulwe kwisicwangciso esicetywayo ngokusemthethweni, esigxininise kwiinkalo zonqulo, ukuzimela kunye nomanyano lwabantu baseMexico. Oku kwakubunjwe ngamadoda azibandakanya kuluhlu lwamajoni e-Iturbide kwanabanye abavukeli.
Lo mkhosi, kancinci kancinci, wandisa imikhosi, enkosi kwinto yokuba uninzi lwabalinganiswa abaneembono eziyinyani bagqibe ekubeni babe yinxalenye yawo. NgoMatshi, u-Iturbide ugqiba kwelokuba adibane noCelaya, apho kuqhutyelwa khona isihlwele esikhulu kwaye kwenziwa isifungo senkolo sokuthobela ngokupheleleyo. Oku kukhokelela kwintshukumo yokuzimela.
Zonke ezi zenzo zakhokelela ekubeni uViceroy Apodaca akhuphe uxwebhu apho akazange avumele abantu ukuba bafunde nayiphi na isicwangciso esibhengezwe yinkokeli yemvukelo. Kuba kwakutyholwa ukuba la manyathelo achasene noMgaqo-siseko owasekwa kwiinyanga ezisibhozo phambi kolu papasho.
Kwangaloo nyanga inye, iBhunga lesiXeko saseMexico, liqhubeka nokupapasha inkcazelo ephathelele ukuthembeka okufanele kube nako njengommi waloo mazwe kukumkani. Ukuba nenkolo njengenjini yezi zenzo. Ukuhlonipha ngokulandelelana uMgaqo-siseko osemthethweni othe wabunjwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abalinganiswa beengcamango ze-absolutist, abaye bathatha inxaxheba kwiNgqungquthela yoMprofeti, babengavumelani kakhulu kunye neenjongo ezisungulwe kwiSicwangciso se-Iguala.
Oku kubangele ukuba ama-absolutists athathe isigqibo sokujoyina izicwangciso ezenziwe ngurhulumente. Konke oku, ngenjongo yokuba umsebenzi wabo uya kunika amanani amandla ithuba lokuphelisa izenzo ezifunwa ngu-Iturbide.
ngaphandle kokhuseleko
Ngomhla we-14 kaMatshi, isekela lagqiba ekubeni lifumanise ukuba u-Agustín de Iturbide wayengaphandle kwezintlu ezimenza ukuba akhuselwe ngumthetho. Emva kwakho konke oku, uxolelo oluqhelekileyo lwafunyanwa, apho bonke abo baya kuba yinxalenye yeSicwangciso se-Iguala bawa. Konke ukwenzela ukuba baphinde baqalise ukuthembeka ekufanele kube nako phambi koMgaqo-siseko kunye nokumkani.
Ezi zenzo zakhokelela ekusekweni koMkhosi waseMazantsi kwikomkhulu laseMexico, elalinomkhosi wabantu abangamawaka amahlanu. Kwimvelaphi yayo yayilawulwa nguPascual de Liñán kunye noJavier de Gabriel.
Kamva uJosé Gabriel de Armijo, nguye owasebenzisa ulwalathiso loMphathi-mkhosi waseMzantsi. Emva koko, imikhosi yahlanganiswa ngumkhosi oyalelwa nguFrancisco Hevia kunye no-Infante Carlos, owayeyinxalenye yemikhosi yeNkosana. UJuan Ráfols nemikhosi yakhe nabo babhaliswa kule nkqubo.
Iphulo loMkhosi weTriguarante
Izinto ezazichaza imikhosi eyakhiwe ngokweembono zokwenyani ezazithembekile kwi-viceroy ezaziphathwa ngaphakathi kumhlaba waseNew Spain, azizange zibenelisi kwabo babumba uMkhosi weZiqinisekiso eziThathu.
Ngaphakathi kwintsimi yeMixteca, uSamaniego wayelawulwa, ngelixa e-Oaxaca kwakukho uManuel de Obeso. Kwelinye icala, enye yeendawo ezibalaseleyo zomhlaba waseMexico yayiyiSan Luis Potosí, apho iZarzosa yayinemikhosi enyanisekileyo kumyalelo wakhe.
Ngokufanayo, ePuebla nakwamanye amaphondo angaphakathi asempuma yelizwe, ukulawulwa kwemikhosi kwathathwa nguJoaquín Arredondo. Amaphondo asentshona ayekhokelwa nguAlejo García Conde.
Ngelixa ekwimimandla efana neDurango, umntakwabo Alejo, uDiego García Conde, wathatha ulawulo lomkhosi. Zonke ezi kholamu zolawulo zazifuna ukugcina uxolo elizweni.
Ukuthumela iileta
Ngomhla we-16 kaMatshi uAgustín de Iturbide uyaqhubeka nokuthumela iileta ezimbini. Eyokuqala yayinenjongo yokubonisa uFerdinand VII zonke iziganeko ezenzeka kwintsimi, ngaphezu kokumcela ukuba athathe itrone ngokukhawuleza, ukuba ugqibe ekubeni amkele isikhundla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwileta yesibini ye-Iturbide, wafuna ukwazisa iCortes yemvelaphi yaseSpain yezinto ezithile. Phakathi kwemiba ebalulekileyo, i-Iturbide ibonise uvelwano lwakhe oluncinci ku-Hidalgo. Kwakunye nokujongelwa phantsi kwakhe ngabavukeli kunye nezenzo ezazibhengezwa ngabo.
Kwangaxeshanye, wagxininisa ukuba wayeyinxalenye yomkhosi olungelelanisiweyo onjongo yawo yayikukukhusela ukuzimela kwelizwe laseMexico izinyo nezikhonkwane. Ngendlela efanayo, woyikisa amasekela, ekubeni wayengayi kuvumela ukuba kuqulunqwe izenzo zokutshatyalaliswa eziza kuphelisa izenzo zoxolo zaseMelika. Konke ngenjongo yokubeka ecaleni ukuphulukana nobomi rhoqo.
Imeko engathandekiyo
Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba ngeentsuku zokuqala, iimeko apho u-Iturbide wazifumana khona. Ukongeza kuyo. UFrancisco Rionda wathatha ulawulo kwakhona e-Acapulco. Ngelixa uVicente Marmolejo ephethe imikhosi yakhe eCuernavaca.
Uhlaselo lokuqala lwenziwa nguMárquez Donayo owakhokelela amabutho akhe eCuernavaca naseTemixco. Esi senzo sabangela ukuba uAgustín de Iturbide enze isigqibo sokuyirhoxisa imikhosi yakhe ngaseTeloloapan.
Ngokuthanda kwakhe uCelso de Iruela, owayeyinxalenye yerejiment eyenziwe nguCelaya, uthatha isigqibo sokuba yinxalenye yeSicwangciso sase-Iguala. Imeko eyabangela ukuba uAgustín de la Viña asabele kwiNqaba yaseSan Carlos, esoyikela ubomi bakhe.
Kwelinye icala, uJosé Joaquín de Herrera naye uthatha isigqibo sokujoyina iqela ngokuthanda i-Iturbide. Weza namadoda angamakhulu asibhozo esandleni sakhe. Konke oku ngenjongo yokuhlasela ngakwiTepeyehualco naseSan Juan de los Llanos.
amahlakani amatsha
Ngo-Matshi 23, umbingeleli uJosé Rincón uyaqhubeka ukuya eJalapa. Isenzo sakhe sithathwe, ngenjongo yokulawula i-plaza ye-Orizaba. Kulo mmandla, umfundisi ubalekela kuAntonio López de Santa Anna, ofuna uRincon angalufikeleli usukelo lwakhe. Noko ke, emva kwemigudu ethile, ngoMatshi 29 loo njongo yaphunyezwa.
Le meko yeza nayo ukuba uSanta Anna wagqiba ekubeni ajoyine imiba efuna ukucaciswa okuchanekileyo kweSicwangciso sase-Iguala. Kwelinye icala, uNicolás Bravo, owayeyinxalenye yabavukeli, wagqiba ekubeni alandule isicelo sokuqala esinxulumene nesicwangciso se-Iturbide.
Esi sigqibo sasibangelwa kukuba umvukeli akazange athembele kwizenzo ezinokwenziwa ngu-Iturbide, ekubeni iinjongo zakhe zazichasene ngokupheleleyo nezakhe. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwentlanganiso noAntonio de Mier y Villagómez, owayesebenza njengomphathi weposi eVilla Salamanca, waba nombono ochaseneyo wale ntshukumo. Isiphumo somhlobo omtsha size namakhulu amahlanu amadoda angakumbi omkhosi, ngakumbi eChilpancingo naseTixtla.
Inkqubo yesicwangciso se-Iguala
Kwintsimi yase-El Bajío, u-Anastasio Bustamante kunye noLuis Cortázar bazimisele ukwenza izenzo eziyimfuneko ukuze kuqhutywe ngokuchanekileyo iSicwangciso sase-Iguala. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni baqhubele phambili njengeqela ukuya kwimimandla yaseSalvatierra, eCelaya naseGuanajuato.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba u-Anastasio Bustamante, ufuna ukususa iintloko ze-Hidalgo, u-Allende, uJiménez no-Aldama, ekubeni ezi ziboniswe kwi-Alhóndiga de Granaditas, ngendlela ebuhlungu kakhulu ukususela ngonyaka we-1811.
Emva kwesi siganeko, i-Querétaro kunye needragons zaseSierra Gorda, banquma ukujoyina imikhosi. Yintoni ekhokelela ekubeni baqhubele phambili ngokulula ukuya eSalamanca, eIrapuato, eLeón, eSilao naseSan Miguel el Grande. Oku kubangele ukwanda kwamadoda angama-6000 XNUMX emkhosini.
Ngelixa oku kwakusenzeka, ekupheleni kukaMatshi u-Viceroy Apodaca wacela ukuba imikhosi eyayibunjwa ibeke ecaleni isicwangciso esasiyilwe ngu-Agustín de Iturbide. Ukuxolela ngale ndlela ukuba ayeguquka kwizenzo zawo aze athembeke kukumkani. Esi senzo sasingenamsebenzi, njengoko izenzo zaqhubeka zihambela phambili.
Kwelinye icala, uJuan Domínguez wathelela uMiguel Barragánen eArio, efuna ukuphumeza imisebenzi eyimfuneko eyayiza kubangela ukuba loo mmandla uzimele geqe. Imeko ebakhuthaza ukuba baye ePátzcuaro.
Emva koko, uVicente Filisola kunye noJian José Codallos nabo banquma ukuxhasa iinzame zokukhulula i-Iturbide enqwenela ukuyenza kunye namahlakani akhe. Ngaloo ndlela baqala uncedo lwabo kwindawo yaseTuzantla.
ulawulo lwemimandla
U-Agustín de Iturbide, uqhubela phambili ukuya e-El Bajío. Ukongeza koku, uyala u-Echávarri kunye noGuerrero ukuba baqhubeke nokukhusela ummandla wasezantsi kweMexico izinyo kunye nezikhonkwane. Konke oku, ngenjongo yokuphinda kulawule ummandla we-Acapulco.
Ngoxa kwakusenzeka oku, uRamón López Rayón wagqiba kwelokuba angenele imikhosi yase-Iturbide. Zonke iziganeko zikhokelela i-Iturbide ukudibana noBustamante kunye noCortázar e-Acámbaro, ekufuneni ukuzoba izicwangciso ezintsha.
abanyanisekileyo
KwakunguPascual de Liñan, okwazile ukugcina iziqhamo zomfelandawonye, zifikelela ngempumelelo kwifama yaseSan Antonio ngoMatshi. Ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli, uMárquez Donayo kunye noGabriel de Armijo bahamba ngempumelelo eZacualpan, ngenjongo yokuphelisa imimandla kaPedro Ascencio.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba imikhosi yasebukhosini ayizange iphumelele kwiintaba zaseSultepec. Emva koko, uhlaselo lwesibini lwenziwa, olwalukhokelwa nguFrancisco Salazar, kodwa kwakhona ayizange iphumelele impumelelo efunwayo.
U-Ignacio Inclán uthatha isigqibo sokuzibhengeza exhasa intshukumo yenkululeko, ngoko ke uyaqhubeka nokuhlasela abalawuli. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba izenzo zakhe zakhokelela ekoyisweni kwakhe. UJosé Joaquín de Herrera uqukumbela ejongene nabasebukhosini eCiriaco del Llano, ngelixa konke oku kwenzeka.
Ezi zenzo zakhokelela ekubeni abaninzi basebukhosini banikezele kwaye babe yinxalenye yomkhosi okhokelwa nguHerrera. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uHevia unquma ukutshutshisa uNicolás Bravo, ekubeni nguye owayekhokela imikhosi yaseHuejotzingo.
Le meko yeza neqhinga labazimeleyo, abakhohlisa ukoyiswa kwabo ngenjongo yokuba iintshaba zithobe umlindo wazo kwaye ngaloo ndlela zikwazi ukuhlasela iPuebla. Eli qhinga laphumelela.
Emva kwakho konke oku, umvukeli waseGuadalupe Victoria unquma ukudibana noSanta Anna kunye nemikhosi yakhe, ngenjongo yokubonisa i-manifesto, ebhekiswe ngqo kubafundi afunda nabo.
Iimfazwe
UHevia uthatha isigqibo sokuthumela amadoda angama-1400, ngenjongo yokugqiba ibutho likaJosé Joaquín de Herrera. Oku kwakhuthaza uNicolás Bravo ukuba aye kwicala laseTepeaca, ngenjongo yokubonelela ngenkxaso. Idabi lathatha iintsuku ezintathu kwaye omabini amacala afumana iingxwelerha ezininzi. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni bathathe isigqibo sokulishiya ibala ledabi.
Ngo-Epreli, uAntonio López de Santa Anna waqhubeka efudukela e-Alvarado, ngenjongo yokuphelisa imikhosi eyalelwe nguJuan Bautista Topete, ukuphumelela ngezicwangciso zakhe. Ngesenzo sobubele, uSanta Anna waqhubeka evumela uBautista Topete kunye nemikhosi yakhe eseleyo ukuba ihambe eVeracruz.
Kwelinye icala, ngelixa oku kusenzeka uHerrera watshutshiswa lutshaba, yaba yile meko yamnyanzela ukuba afudukele apho wayekhona uHevia. Eli dabi laphumela ekubeni uHevia abulawe. Kwelinye icala, uBlas del Catillo kunye noLuna bayaqhubeka nokuthatha indima kaHevia. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kuphele kakuhle kuye, ekubeni uFrancisco de Llave noJosé Velázquez bakwazi ukuphelisa uhlaselo lwakhe.
Yonke imisebenzi yenqanaba lomkhosi olwenziwa ngama-realists, yenzeke de ibe yimpumelelo ngoMeyi 18. Kwelinye icala, ngosuku olulandelayo uSanta Anna, ngenkxaso ye-independentstas, wagqabhuka kwindawo eyoyisiweyo kunye namajoni angama-550. Nangona kunjalo, uBlas del Catillo uyakwazi ukuxhathisa uhlaselo.
Emva kweziganeko, abasebukhosini bayaqhubeka nokucela uxolo. Kodwa oku akuzange kubathintele kwangaloo mini babahlasela ngayo ebusuku. Idabi laphela ngentseni ngosuku olulandelayo, kwaye abaninzi bawa macala omabini.
Umkhosi weTriguarant
Intloko yokuqala ye-Army yaseTrigarante inquma ukufudukela kwikomkhulu laseNueva Galicia, ngenjongo yokudibana noJosé de la Cruz. Ukongeza koku, u-Agustín de Iturbide, kunye noBustamante, baphinde bacele intlanganiso, apho uPedro Celestino Negrete uphakathi kwamanani abalulekileyo.
UJosé de la Cruz, emva kwengxoxo ende, unquma ukucebisa ukuba i-Viceroy yamkele iSicwangciso sase-Iguala. Ukongeza koku, ubonisa i-viceroy ukuba ukuba isicwangciso samkelwe, imikhosi iya kukhuselwa ngokukhawuleza.
Emva kokuthumela ulwazi, unquma ukuya kwikomkhulu laseMexico ngenjongo yokusasaza iingcamango ezicetywayo ngu-Iturbide kunye nabalingane bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, akazange aphumelele iziphumo ezilungileyo kunye ne-viceroy.
Ngokulandelayo, intloko yoMkhosi weTrigarante, iqhubeka nokuqokelela amadoda akhe ngenjongo yokuya ePlaza de Valladolid. Ukukhangela ukwenza uhlaselo olujoliswe eQuintanar kunye nemikhosi yakhe yamadoda angama-1645.
Emva kweziganeko, ngokutsho kwe-biography ye-Iturbide, waqhubeka nokwazisa uQuintanar ngeeleta kwaye, emva koko, kwiiKhansile zeSixeko, malunga nelahleko kunye nokwanda kwabalandeli beSicwangciso se-Iguala. Oku ekuqaleni kwavelisa izinto ezimbi kwabo babezigqala bengabantu bokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi bemka ngexesha lohlaselo, ngoko bagqiba ekubeni bajoyine icebo.
Phakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo nguJuan José Andrade ojoyina iqela elikhulu leedragons zaseNueva Galicia. Oku kukhokelele kwiqhinga elabangela ukuba uQuintanar agqibe ekubeni anikezele, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kungabikho nasinye isixhobo esidutyulwayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba inxalenye enkulu yemikhosi inquma ukuhamba. Ngokufanayo, uJosé Andrade ufuna ukumela imikhosi engqingayo. Konke oku kwavumela imikhosi ukuba ijikeleze imida yesixeko ngaphandle kokwenza naluphi na uhlobo logonyamelo. Ngaloo ndlela ukuzuza uloyiso.
Ukuhlaselwa kweemvukelo ezintsha
UJosé Antonio Magos uthatha isigqibo sokuba yinxalenye yeSicwangciso sase-Iguala. Kungemva koku ukuba uJosé María Novoa aqhubeke nokuzama ukuphelisa lo mda mtsha, ngokuchasene nesicwangciso se-Iturbide. Le meko ibangele malunga neengxwelerha ezimalunga nama-60 kwicala le-independentstas, okubangele ukuba abanye babaleke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uJuan Álvarez waqhubeka nokugcina ulawulo lwe-Acapulco. Ngokufanayo, kwakhona, uMárquez Donayo ufumana imiyalelo evela kwi-viceroy, apho ebonisa ukuba kufuneka adibane noCristóbal Húber, ekubeni nguye olwa noPedro Ascencio.
Ngelixa konke oku kwakusenzeka, kummandla waseTetecala, ibutho lasebukhosini lafumana uloyiso. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba uPedro Ascencio ngelixa edabini uyabulawa. Intloko yakhe yaboniswa ngendlela ye-trophy phambi kwabemi baseCuernavaca.
Ezi ziganeko zabangela uvuyo phakathi kwabemi bekomkhulu laseMexico. Nangona kunjalo, ngoJuni, abaphangi baqhubeka bevela abafuna ukujoyina uluhlu lwabathathu.
Yonke le meko yabangela ukuba isekela likarhulumente libhengeze imeko yonxunguphalo. Apho wayalela ukuba onke amadoda aphakathi kweminyaka eli-16 nama-50 ubudala afanele abhalisele ukulwa nabavukeli.
NgoJuni 13, uPedro Celestino Negrete uthatha isigqibo sokujoyina imibutho yokuzimela. Ngokufanayo, uJosé Antonio Andrade naye uyaqhubeka nokujoyina iintshukumo ezilandelwa yi-Iturbide kunye namahlakani akhe anxulumene nommandla waseMexico.
Ezi zenzo zabangela ukuba abalinganiswa abafana noJosé de la Cruz banqume ukushiya i-capital yaseMexico, ngenxa yokwesaba iinzame zobomi bakhe. Sijonge kumhlaba weZacatecas.
KuseZacatecas apho i-de la Cruz iba yinxalenye yemikhosi yasebukhosini ekhokelwa nguHermenegildo Revueltas. Kwelinye icala, ibhunga lecawa lenza isigqibo sokujoyina iSicwangciso sase-Iguala, ngaloo ndlela linikezela ngenkxaso yalo epheleleyo kwi-Iturbide namahlakani akhe. Oku kwabangela ukuba ubhishophu omkhulu abambe umthendeleko egameni loloyiso oluzayo.
ibutho elixubeneyo
Ibutho elixubeneyo elaliseZacatecas lalilawulwa nguJosé María Borrego, owathi naye wavakalisa kwiplaza yendawo ukubaluleka kokugcina iSicwangciso sase-Iguala siphila. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uJosé de la Cruz unquma ukufudukela eDurango, efuna ukubonelela ngenkxaso.
Amadoda aseleyo awayefuna uJosé de la Cruz afika kwintsimi yaseDurango ngoJulayi 4. Ezi zamkelwe kakuhle nguJuan Francisco Castañiza. Kuya kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba lo mlinganiswa akazange acinge ukuba ulungile kwisicwangciso i-Iturbide ekufuneka ibonelele.
Emva koko, uNegrete uthatha isigqibo sokuya kwintsimi ye-Aguascalientes, ekubeni inkululeko yayibhengezwe kuloo mmandla. Kwelinye icala, abalawuli basebukhosini ababeseSan Juan del Río bagqiba kwelokuba bashiye kwaye bazibhengeze ukuba bangabaxhasi be-Iturbide.
Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni uNovoa abe namadoda angama-400 kuphela axhasa izenzo ezithathwe ngusekela-mongameli. Emva kwale meko, uAgustín de Iturbide ugqiba kwelokuba aye kwindawo eneqela labakhaphi. Baye bahlaselwa kodwa abazange baphumelele, kuba abahlaseli ngabona bafumene awona maxhoba.
Ukhuselo oluchasene no-Agustín de Iturbide lwalulawulwa nguMariano Paredes. Kusemva koku xa ethatha isigqibo sokumnika ikhaka ngokuhlonipha izenzo zakhe ngesiqubulo esasibonisa "amashumi amathathu ngokumelene namakhulu amane". Oku kuba abakhaphi be-Iturbida babengamashumi amathathu.
U dliwano
Emva kwazo zonke ezi ziganeko, uGuadalupe Victoria unquma ukudibana no-Agustín de Iturbide, ngenjongo yokuthetha ngemibandela ephathelele ukuzimela.
Kwelinye icala, uLucas Alamán, owayengumvukeli, ugqiba kwelokuba acebise ukuphunyezwa korhulumente weriphabliki apho izenzo ezazisenzeka kuloo mmandla zingazange zixelwe kukumkani.
UAlamán ubonisa ukuba umlinganiswa othile kwafuneka atshate umfazi womthonyama wemvelaphi yaseGuatemala ngenjongo yokuba zombini ezi nkcubeko zimanyane kwaye isizwe sinikelwe njengento enye. Oyena wayeneempawu ezifanayo nezo zaziceliwe yiGuadalupe Victoria.
Kwelinye icala, ngokutsho kukaVicente Rocafuerte, waseGuadalupe Victoria, xa wayedibana ne-Iturbide, waphawula okuthile ngokuphathelele iPlani yaseIguala. Konke ngenjongo yokuseka indlela yobukhosi eneempawu eziphakathi.
Ezi zimbini iinkqubo ezintsha eziqhubela phambili kwiinguqu kwiSicwangciso sase-Iguala, zithathwe ngendlela embi yi-Iturbide. Ngoko ke, nangona kukho uncedo phakathi kwaba balinganiswa ngokumalunga nombutho wokuzimela geqe, babengenathemba lokwenene phakathi kwabo.
umanyano lwamandla
U-Iturbide, ebona ukunyakaza okuhambelana nabasebukhosini ababengamthandi, unquma ukuthumela uJosé Antonio de Echevárri, ngenjongo yokuphelisa izicwangciso zabachasi.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ngaphambi kokuba lo mzamo wempi kukho ukuhlanganiswa kwemikhosi kunye no-Arlegui de Chichimequillas, uGaspar López de San Miguel el Grande kunye noJuan José Codallos.
Emva kwezi zenzo, u-Echávarri unquma ukuqhuba udliwano-ndlebe kunye neenyani ezichasene neenjongo zakhe, ukuze afezekise iinkalo eziqhelekileyo eziza kubakhokelela ekubeni babelane ngoxolo.
Ngoxa kwakusenzeka le meko, kongezelelwa imikhosi emitsha yombutho we-triguarantes. Aba babekhokelwa nguAnastasio Bustamante noJuan Domínguez y Moctezuma. Izenzo zabo zakhokelela ekubeni babe namadoda amalunga ne-10000, awayethunyelwe eSan Luis de la Paz.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uLuaces unquma ukufihla ixesha elithile, efuna uncedo ekulweni. Noko ke, akazange afumane inkxaso, ngoko ugqiba kwelokuba anikezele. Naye uAgustín de Iturbide waqhubeka exolela irhafu eyayicelwe kubemi bomthonyama.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uVicente Filisola, ngokulandela imiyalelo, uhamba waya eValle de Toluca, ngenjongo yokutshabalalisa inqaba eyasungulwa ngu-Ángel Díaz del Catillo, owayesele eyazi ukuba uya kufika ngokukhawuleza ukuba amhlasele.
Kusemva kokuba uDíaz eqhubela phambili ukuya kwikomkhulu laseToluca, ngenjongo yokuqhubeka nedabi. Kwakhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abangama-300 kwiingcamango zasebukhosini. Kwelinye icala, amadoda ali-15 abulawa ngabathathu.
Amandla okwenene kunye nezisongelo
Ibutho elalikhokelwa nguAntonio López de Santa Anna laliyigcinile imikhosi eyayikhokelwa nguAgustín de la Viña. Nangona kunjalo, yayinguSamaniego owaphelisa imikhosi eyayibekwe nguSanta Anna. Okukhokelela ekubeni azifihle kunye nemikhosi yakhe eLa Hoya.
Esi siganeko sivumela uJosé Joaquín de Herrara noSanta Anna ukuba baqhubele phambili nokudibana ngenjongo yokugqiba ukuba uHerrera kunye nemikhosi yakhe baya ePuebla, ngelixa uSanta Anna efuna ukufudukela eVeracruz, apho babenokuthatha inxalenye yeempahla imikhosi yasebukhosini.
Ngelixa wayesiya eVeracruz uSanta Anna wayenedabi elaliseSanta Bárbara. Kwelinye icala, kwabakho umlo noJosé Rincón kunye nemikhosi yakhe. Oku kwaba yintlekele kuba emva kwemvula iinqwelo zomkhosi ezininzi zonakaliswa.
Amadoda kaGarcía Dávila abangela ilahleko ezininzi ngamajoni kaSanta Anna. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni uSanta Anna abalekele eCórdoba, ukongeza koko, waseka izinto ezingabavumeli abahlaseli ukuba babasukele.
uloyiso oluyinyani
Nangona iziganeko ezandisa uloyiso ngabalinganiswa abakhusele iSicwangciso sase-Iguala zaphakanyiswa, iindaba ezinxulumene nokulimala rhoqo kwabasebukhosini bafika kwikomkhulu laseMexico, kubangela ukucaphuka okukhulu kwinxalenye yabemi.
Konke oku kukhokelela kwintlanganiso apho umntu oza kuba yintloko ye-New Spain yonyulwa. Ukugqiba emva kweengxoxo nguJuan Ruiz de Apodaca. Kwelinye icala, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uFrancisco Javier Llamas kunye noBlas del Castillo y Luna bavalelwa kwinkululeko yabo ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
Ngelixa oku kuphakanyiswe yimikhosi eyayibiza iSicwangciso sase-Iguala, banquma ukudibana kunye nokujikeleza ibhotwe le-viceregal. Yayiyimikhosi kaLara, uLlorente kunye noFrancisco Buceli abaqhubela phambili ukungena kule ndawo. Kulapho babone khona i-Apodaca kwintlanganiso. Konke oku kwazisa ukubekwa wedwa okunyanzelekileyo.
Iphulo
Ngelixa zonke ezi ziganeko zenzeka, uNicolás Bravo wenza iphulo eliqhubekayo kwintsimi yaseZacatlán. Le mikhosi yaqinisekiswa ngamadoda angama-4000.
Injongo yokuphumeza eli phulo yayikukulawula ngokupheleleyo ummandla wasePuebla. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba uCiriaco del Llano nguye owakhusela le ndawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba ngoJulayi ukuhlaselwa kwe-tri-guarantors kwafunyanwa. Abalinganiswa abongeze imikhosi yabo enkosi kuJoaquín de Herrera.
Phakathi kwezinto ezibalaseleyo ezaziqhubeka, kwakuqhutywa uthethathethwano olwaluza kuzisa uxolo. Emva koko, u-Epitacio Sánchez, owayeneengcamango zokwenyani, uthatha isigqibo kunye nemikhosi yakhe ukuya ngaseMartín Texmelucan.
Kwelinye icala, ngokutsho kwebhayografi ka-Agustín de Iturbide, le meko yabangela ukuba enze isigqibo sokuyalela ukuba kuhanjwe phambili imikhosi eyayiza kufuna ukufudukela apho iQuintanar neBustamante zazikuyo, kumhlaba wekomkhulu laseMexico, injongo yokujikeleza indawo encinci ukuya kwencinci.
Uloyiso lwe-Iturbide
Ngo-Agasti, uAgustín de Iturbide kunye namahlakani akhe baphumelela uloyiso kummandla wasePuebla. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba kwiNew Spain, lo mmandla wawubaluleke kakhulu emva kwekomkhulu laseMexico.
EPuebla, uBhishophu u-Antonio Joaquín Pérez ufumana i-Iturbide kunye nemikhosi yakhe ngendlela efanelekileyo. Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba uBravo, uMier noHerrera abazange bamkelwe ngokuvuya okufanayo no-Agustín, ekubeni phantse wonke umsebenzi owenziweyo wawubangelwa nguye.
UNicolás del Moral wayalelwa nguJoaquín Arredondo ukuba abambe unondyebo waseMonterrey. Nangona kunjalo, uNicolás uthatha isigqibo sokungayilandeli imiyalelo ye-royalist kwaye aqhubeke nokuba yinxalenye yeSicwangciso sase-Iguala. Ezi zenzo zabangela ukuba u-Arredondo aqonde ukuba kufuneka anikezele kwimikhosi yokuzimela, eyakhokelela eHaana.
imvukelo
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwintsimi yase-Oaxaca, uJosé María Sánchez unquma ukuhlasela indawo yaseTehuacán. Naye, uPedro Miguel Monzón wenza into efanayo kwintsimi yaseTeotitlán.
Ngokufanayo, uAntonio de León waqhubeka esenza inxalenye yeSicwangciso se-Iguala. Ngesi sizathu uthatha isigqibo sokuya kwindawo yaseHuajuapan. Kukule ndawo apho azimisa khona ngombono wokwenza unxibelelwano kunye no-Antonio Aldao ngenjongo yokuba uya kujoyina i-Plan de Iguala movement.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba emva kweemfazwe ezinde ngoJulayi 30, amaqela e-triguarante kunye ne-Mixtecos alawula ukumisa ngaphandle kwengxaki kwisixeko sase-Oaxaca. Emva kwezi meko, ukuzimela kwafunyanwa emva kokubhengezwa okwenziwa nguNicolás Fernández del Campo.
Izivumelwano zaseCordoba
Ngoxa uAgustín de Iturbide wayesePuebla, kwasekwa izinto ezifunekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe uMgaqo-siseko omtsha welizwe. Xa ukusekwa kwakhona okufanayo kwenziwa, abantu baseNew Spain bagqiba kwelokuba bathande iimeko apho uJuan Ruiz de Apodaca wazifumana ekuyo.
Kusemva koku awathi u-O'Donojú wafudukela kummandla waseVeracruz. Apho efuna ukusebenzisa izikhundla zakhe ngokubonga kwizenzo ezenziwa nguGarcía Dávila. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba u-O' Donojú wayefuna ukubhengeza izinto zenkululeko kwintsimi ngendlela echanekileyo.
Konke oku kwamkhokelela ekubeni aziswe ukuba ummandla waseMexico ukhululwe kubukhosi baseSpain ngaphandle kweendawo ezifana nekomkhulu laseMexico, iDurango, iChihuahua, iVeracruz, iSan Carlos de Perote kunye neAcapulco.
Kwakhona wacela ukuba abantu bamkele imiqathango yakhe yomyalelo eyayisekelwe kwizigqibo zeCortes. Ngenjongo yokuseka imibutho yezigqibo ezisekiweyo.
Ukongeza koku, ugxininise ngelithi xa abantu benganelisekanga buburhulumente bakhe, uzakuthi arhoxe ukuze bafumane ithuba lokukhetha inkokeli abayithandayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-O'Donojú uthatha isigqibo sokuseka izicwangciso eziza kumvumela ukuba aphathe izenzo zakhe ezenziwa ngabalawuli. Kungenxa yoko le nto eqhubeka nokuthumela iileta ezimbini eziya kuAgustín de Iturbide, apho egxininisa ukuba uyayazi imeko eqhubekayo kwimimandla ekufutshane. Apho ukongeza koku ubonisa ukuba unqwenela ukudibana naye.
Emva kweentsuku ezilishumi elinanye zale leta, i-Iturbide iyaqhubeka nokuphendula kakuhle ku-O´ Donojú. Emva koko kwacwangciswa intlanganiso eCórdoba, yaye mntu ngamnye wayenamadoda amkhuselayo.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo zeZivumelwano zaseCordoba
NgoAgasti 24, 1821, uO’Donojú noIturbide bahlanganisana eCórdoba. Emva kokuphulaphula isihlwele, baqhubela phambili nokuseka imiba yeSivumelwano saseCórdoba. Phakathi kwezinto eziphambili ezigqamayo kwesi sivumelwano zezi zilandelayo:
- Ummandla waseMexico kufuneka wamkelwe njengelizwe elizimele geqe. Ukongeza koku, kugxininiswe ukuba isizwe siya kuyeka ukubizwa ngokuba yiNew Spain, ukuze siqhubeke nokuba buBukhosi baseMexico.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isivumelwano sigxininisa ukuba isakhiwo sikarhulumente soBukhosi baseMexico sisekelwe kwimiba yobukhosi, kunye nomgaqo-siseko ophantsi kolawulo oluphakathi.
- Ukongeza kule nto, kugxininiswe ukuba kwi-Empire of Mexico, njengoko kusekwe kwinqaku le-4 leSicwangciso sase-Iguala, uFernando VII, njengokumkani wamaKatolika, uya kubizwa ukuba amise njengokumkani wokuqala, ukuba uyala, uya kuvuma. aqhubele phambili kumntakwabo uCarlos. Inketho yesithathu iya kuba nguFrancisco de Paula. Ukuba wayeka, uya kuba nguCarlos Luis de Borbón Parma. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indlalifa iya kuba ngu-Etruria kwaye kamva uLucca.
- Imigaqo yomnqophiso isekelwe ngokukodwa kwimiba enxulumene ngokuthe ngqo neSicwangciso sase-Iguala. Apho kugqame iimpawu zokulunga ezijoliswe ekumeleni izimvo jikelele ezisetyenziswa ngabasemagunyeni kunye namagunya ezithethe zokuzimela.
- Ibhodi iya kutyunjwa ngegama leBhodi yoLawulo lwethutyana, ngenjongo yokuseka imimiselo yayo yesizwe elisaphuhlayo.
- Kwelinye icala, iBhodi yeThutyana iya kuba nethuba lokusebenzisa izenzo zayo zoburhulumente phantsi kwemithetho ebhengezwe ngumgaqo-siseko. Okukuthi kwakhona kukhuthazwe zizenzo eziqulethwe ngokuthe ngqo kwiSicwangciso sase-Iguala kwaye ngokutshintshela kwiiNkundla ezenza zonke izenzo ezisisiseko zommandla.
Ukungena koMkhosi we-Trigarante kwisiXeko saseMexico: ukusayinwa kwesenzo sokuzimela
NgoSeptemba 15, 1821, kwikomkhulu laseMexico, i-Novella ithatha isigqibo sokuvakalisa ukubaluleka kwe-O'Donojú phakathi kweentshukumo zikarhulumente. Kwelinye icala, uLiñán ubhengezwa njenge-marshal yasendle.
Emva koko, uRamón Gutiérrez del Mazo uba ngumntu ophethe imiba yezopolitiko. Ngokukwanjalo, abo baneenjongo zokuzimela bayakhululwa entolongweni. Esi sigqibo siquka inkululeko yoonondaba. Ngokufanayo, ukudluliselwa ukusuka kwesinye isixeko ukuya kwesinye kuqala ukuba nenkululeko enkulu kulo naliphi na ilungu labemi baseMexico.
Ngomso olandelayo kwindawo yaseTacubaya, u-O'Donojú unquma ukupapasha phambi kwabantu bakhe ukuphela kwemfazwe. Emva koko, ngokutsho kwe-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, uthatha isigqibo sokubhengeza inkqubo esekelwe kwizinto ezisekelwe kwinkampu efunyenwe kwintsimi yekomkhulu. Konke oku ngenkuthazo yokubakhuthaza ukuba benze izakhiwo ezitsha ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ezithile kubemi.
Ukongeza koku, ucela abahlali ukuba egameni leentlekele ezenzeka emfazweni, abawayo bahlonitshwa ngeflegi yenkululeko, nto leyo ezuzisa uloyiso lwelizwe.
Usingasiqithi Yucatan
Ngelo xesha, ummandla weYucatan Peninsula wawukhokelwa nguJuan María Echeverri. Lo mlinganiswa waphathwa phantsi kwemiba yenkundla yeViceroyalty yaseNew Spain.
U-Echeverri ufunda ngeziganeko apho iintshukumo zokuzimela zivela kwinyanga kaSeptemba. Ukuqaqambisa phakathi kwabo, ezo zenziwe eTabasco. Kusemva kwale meko athe wathatha isigqibo sokubamba indibano namasekela ebhunga lesixeko.
Izenzo ezenzekayo zenza ukuba u-Echeverri avakalise iPeninsula yaseYucatan njengendawo ezimeleyo evela kwikomkhulu lephondo. UJuan Rivas Vértiz kunye noFrancisco Antonio Tarrazo, nabo, banomsebenzi wokuhlangana no-Iturbide kunye no-O'Donojú, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthetha ngolu hlobo lwemiba.
Ngoko ke, ngokutsho kwembali ka-Agustín de Iturbide, ummandla waseChiapas, ummandla oyinxalenye yoMphathi-mkhosi waseGuatemala, ugqalwa njengomhlaba ozimeleyo.
Emva kwezi ziganeko, uJuan Nepomuceno Batres uthatha isigqibo sokuba yinxalenye yeSicwangciso sase-Iguala. Yintoni eza nezenzo ezibalulekileyo zabemi bommandla waseChiapas, abavakalisa umdla wabo wokuba yinxalenye yenkqubo entsha karhulumente waseMexico.
intlanganiso yabalawuli
Ngelixa iziganeko zokuzimela zazisenzeka, ngokwe-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, i-O'Donojú kunye ne-Iturbide, babamba iintlanganiso kunye namanani karhulumente afana noManuel de la Bárcena, uJosé Isidro Yáñez, kunye noBishop Antonio Joaquín Pérez.
Ukongeza koku, baye bafumana ithuba lokudibana nabalinganiswa abathile ababeyinxalenye yesebe lephondo leBhunga lesiXeko saseMexico. Ngokufanayo, amanye amalungu e-aristocracy adlala indima yezopolitiko eNew Spain ngokutsho kwe-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, nabo babeyinxalenye yeentlanganiso zabo.
Emva kwazo zonke izenzo, u-Agustín de Iturbide uqhubela phambili ekukhetheni ukuba ngubani oza kuba ngabalinganiswa abangamashumi amathathu anesibhozo abaya kusebenza kwiBhodi yoBurhulumente bethutyana. Uninzi lwazo lwaluneempawu ezinxulumene nesikhundla esihle sentlalo.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba akukho mlinganiswa owaphuhliswa njengomvukeli oyinxalenye yeBhodi yethutyana. Kwelinye icala, bonke ngaphandle kuka-Anastasio Bustamante ababeyinxalenye ye-Trigarantes bajoyine le bhodi intsha.
Konke oku kwazisa ukugatywa okuthile ngokumalunga nokuthatha inxaxheba kwenkqubo entsha yabalinganiswa abafana noNicolás Bravo, Guadalupe Victoria, Vicente Guerrero, Andrés Quintana Roo, Ignacio López Rayón kunye noJosé Sixto Verduzco.
Ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, kwabanjwa intlanganiso eyayigxile ekuqaqambiseni imiba ekufanele iphuhliswe kwinkqubo entsha karhulumente. Kwelinye icala, iqela labahambi lithatha isigqibo sokushiya isixeko ecaleni.
umkhosi okhululayo
UJosé Joaquín de Herrera uthatha isigqibo sokuhlala kwinqaba yehlathi laseChapultepec. Emva koko, uVicente Filisola uyaqhubeka nokuthumela amadoda angamawaka amane kwintsimi yekomkhulu laseMexico. Ngendlela efanayo, u-O'Donojú wenza iminyhadala enxulumene noxolo kunye nokuzimela kommandla.
Ngokunjalo, ngokutsho kwebhayiloji ka-Agustín de Iturbide, uyaqhubeka nokupapasha isenzo esibandakanya ukungena kwindawo apho kwafunyanwa khona uMkhosi weTrigarante. Kwangokunjalo, wabalaselisa ukubaluleka ababenabo kuloyiso oluzuziweyo, kuba nangona benemithombo embalwa yoloyiso.
Baye bagqalwe njengabakhuseli belizwe yi-Iturbide, emva kwezenzo zabo ezilungileyo kunye nezicwangciso zabo zokulwa. Ngesi sizathu, siyaqhubeka nokuhambisa izinto eziyimfuneko zokuthuthuzela kwakho kumalungu enze uMkhosi weTrigarante. Njengoko kunjalo ngempahla kunye nezihlangu.
Army Trigarante kunye Iturbide
NgoSeptemba 27, 1821, umhla wokuzalwa kuka-Iturbide, uFilisolas wagqiba ekubeni ahambe eChapultepec eTacuba, ngenjongo yokwenza intlanganiso elindileyo.
Ngentsasa yolu suku, owayekhokela imikhosi yoMkhosi waseTrigarante, uqhubela phambili ukuya ePaseo Nuevo, emva koko udlule eCorpus Christi avenue kwaye ekugqibeleni uyema kwi-convent yaseSan Francisco.
Emva kokufika kwakhe, uJosé Ignacio Ormaechea uyamfumana, ngenjongo yokumnika izitshixo ezikhokelela kwisixeko. Konke oku kwakhokelela ekubeni imikhosi ikhwaza emva kwamanyathelo akhe athi "Long live Iturbide kunye ne-Trigarante Army"
Phakathi kwabalinganiswa ababeyinxalenye yesi senzo kwakukho uDomingo Estanislao Luaces, uEpitacio Sánchez, uNicolás Bravo, uPedro Celestino Negrete, uAnastasio Bustamante, uJosé Morán, uAntonio López uSanta Anna, uGaspar López, uVicente Guerrero, uJosé Joaquín Manuel Parrés U-Echeverri, uJuan José Zenón, uJosé Joaquín de Herrera, uMariano Laris, uFelipe de la Garza, uLuis Quintanar, uJosé Antonio Andrade, uVicente Filisola noMiguel Barragán.
Kuyimfuneko ukuveza ukuba uninzi lwamadoda abumba lo mkhosi, ngaxa lithile kwixesha elidlulileyo, lwaphuhliswa njengamalungu eemfazwe ze-viceroy. Noko ke, emva kweemeko ezathi zenzekile baza bajika uxanduva nentlonipho ababezisingatha ngayo iinjongo zabo, bagqiba ekubeni babe yinxalenye yeSicwangciso se-Iguala.
Kwelinye icala, ngokutsho kobomi buka-Agustín de Iturbide, kubalulekile ukubalaselisa ukuba bambalwa kakhulu ababengamalungu alo mbutho, awayesebenza njengabavukeli kumazantsi elizwe ngaphambili.
Ngomzuzu apho umdlalo wokuhlonipha oko kuphakanyisiweyo uphela, i-O'Donojú kunye ne-Iturbide baya kwiCathedral yaseMexico. Kukule ndawo apho iTe Deum iculwa khona. Ngaloo ndlela bebonakalisa kubemi abemi inkqubo yabo entsha yolawulo nenkululeko.
Inkqubo yeBhodi yoLawulo yexeshana
Ngenye imini emva komsitho wombhiyozo, kubizwa iBhodi yoLawulo lweThutyana entsha. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba yayinamalungu awayekhethwe ngokukodwa ngu-Agustín de Iturbide.
Aba ngokutsho kobomi buka-Agustín de Iturbide, babenobizo lwabo ngaphakathi kwigumbi leentlanganiso elalikwindawo eyayibizwa ngokuba yiBhotwe loBukhosi. Phambi kokuba aqale ngezihloko eziza kuxutyushwa, i-Iturbide yenze intetho apho yagxininisa ukubaluleka kwale Bhodi yoLawulo.
Emva kwezibhengezo, ngokwe-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, bafudukela kwiCathedral, ngenjongo yokubamba umsitho wokufungiswa kwiSicwangciso sase-Iguala kunye noko kwakuxoxiwe kwaye kwasekwa ngaphakathi kweSivumelwano saseCórdoba.
Ekupheleni komsitho, amalungu ebhodi athatha isigqibo sokumisela, ngokutsho kwebhayiloji ka-Agustín de Iturbide, inkokeli njengomongameli wombutho, ngaphandle kokuvota ngokuchasene naliphi na ilungu.
Kuphinde kubanjwe enye imisa ngeenjongo zokubhiyozela into eya kuba ngokusemthethweni imeko yenkululeko yesizwe. Kuba yintoni na ekugqibeleni isayine uMthetho wokuZimela koBukhosi baseMexico.
IBhodi yoLawulo lwethutyana
Ngokwe-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, ibhodi eyasekwa nguye yayinolawulo lwamalungu amahlanu. Apho izikhundla zamandla olawulo zavela khona, zilawulwa ngu-Agustín de Iturbide, umongameli apho u-O'Donojú, uManuel de la Bárcena, u-Isidro Yáñez kunye noManuel Velázquez de León basebenza khona.
I-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide ibonisa ukuba ngexesha apho baqonda khona ukuba oomongameli ababini baphantsi kwamandla abo, babhekwa njengezinto ezinzima ngaphakathi kwenkqubo. Ngesi sizathu, i-Iturbide ithatha isigqibo sokumisela uBhishophu u-Antonio Joaquín Pérez njengomongameli webhodi.
Konke oku kusikhokelela ekuqondeni indlela apho aMandla oLawulo aqala ukwakhiwa ngaphakathi kwezinto zeRegency. Ngelixa kwelinye icala, aMandla oWiso-mthetho, aqulunqwa ngokwemigaqo esekwe yiBhodi yoLawulo.
Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba iBhodi eLawulayo ichaza ukuba i-regent yokuqala ingaba nobudlelwane obuhambelana nenkqubo yophuhliso lwentloko yomkhosi. Kusemva koku ukuba aqhubeke nokuzinza ngokwe-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide njenge-generarissimo yezixhobo zolwandle nomhlaba.
Ukongeza koku, i-Iturbide yaqala ukufumana i-120000 yeepesos ngonyaka ngomsebenzi wakhe njengomongameli. Emva koko, wanikwa umhlaba eTexas. Kwakhona waqala ukubizwa ngokuba yiSerene Highness.
Kwelinye icala, utata ka-Agustín de Iturbide, uJosé de Iturbide wanikwa iwonga eliza nokuba yiregent. Emva komsebenzi wakhe njenge-regent, uya kuba yinxalenye yebhunga likarhulumente.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba u-Iturbide wagqiba ekubeni anike umvuzo wakhe ngoFebruwari waloo nyaka kwaye wagqiba ngo-Oktobha ukuba anikele nge-71000 pesos, ngenjongo yokucima ubunzima obubonakalisa ukwakhiwa komkhosi waseMexico.
Izenzo zoBukhosi
Ngelixa zonke ezi ziganeko zazisenzeka kwisiXeko saseMexico, zaqala ngamanyathelo okuqala karhulumente awathi uBukhosi obutsha baseMexico beza nawo. Ezi zenzo zabavuyisa abemi bamaphondo aloo mmandla.
Nangona kunjalo, abalawuli basebukhosini ababengavumelani nemibutho yokuzimela efunyenweyo, bahlala bengenathemba ngokusilela kwale nkqubo. Ezi zazikhuselwe phantsi kolawulo lwemimandla yaseAcapulco, ePerote naseVeracruz.
Kungemva koku apho uAntonio López de Santa Anna aqhubela phambili nokwenza imisebenzi yezopolitiko ephumelele ulawulo olupheleleyo lwenqaba yasePerote ngo-Okthobha waloo nyaka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Isidoro Montes de Oca wayala uJuan Álvarez ukuba enze izenzo eziyimfuneko zokufumana ulawulo lwenqaba yaseSan Diego eyayise-Acapulco. Okufanayo kwathathwa nango-Oktobha.
Emva koko, eVeracruz, uJosé García Dávila unquma ukuqhubeka phantsi komyalelo worhulumente omdala. Njengeqhinga, uDávila unikezela ngolawulo lwendawo kuSanta Anna. Nangona kunjalo, nge-26 ka-Okthobha, uthatha isigqibo sokuhlala kunye nemikhosi yakhe eSan Juan de Ulúa, enezixhobo ezaneleyo zokuhlasela.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba uDávila wayengumchasi wokugqibela waseSpain ukulwa nento eyayisekwe kwindlela entsha karhulumente. Ngaphambi kokuba le nkqubo yenzeke, uManuel Rincón, owalathisa indawo engaphakathi kweVeracruz, wanikela ngokuzinikela kwakhe kwiintshukumo zokuzimela.
Ukufa DO'Donojú
Ngo-Oktobha 8, u-O'Donojú wasweleka emva kokuphathwa yipleurisy. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni isikhundla sakhe singabikho naluphi na ulwalathiso, ngoko ke uBhishophu u-Antonio Joaquín Pérez uyaqhubeka nokuthatha indawo yakhe. Ukukhokela ngale ndlela iBhodi yoLawulo.
Ngaloo ndlela, le meko ibangela ukuba uAntonio Medina Manzo, uJosé Pérez Maldonado, uJosé Domínguez noJosé Manuel de Herrera baqeshwe njengonobhala. Ngenjongo yokuba izinto ezinxulumene nobutyebi bezemali, uncedo oluyimfuneko lwe-Iturbide kunye nobudlelwane bamazwe angaphandle kunye nolwasekhaya luya kusingathwa ngokulula ngakumbi.
Ngendlela efanayo, ngokutsho kwe-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, uqhubeka nokubiza u-Anastasio Bustamante ukuba athathe indima yerhuluneli kumaphondo asempuma nasentshona.
Lo msebenzi uphinde wanyanzeliswa kuPedro Celestino Negrete, oya kulawula iZacatecas, iSan Luis Potosí kunye neNueva Galicia. Ngelixa uManuel de la Sotarriva wayeza kuqondisa iValladolid, Querétaro kunye neGuanajuato. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uVicente Guerrero wayeza kulawula iTlapa, Chilapa, Ajuchitlán, Teposcolula, Jamiltepec, Tixtla kunye ne-Ometepec.
Iintlanganiso zabo babefudula bengabavukeli
NgoNovemba 1821, iqela labo babefudula bengabavukeli bagqiba kwelokuba badibane ngenjongo yokuyila isicwangciso esasiya kubavumela ukuba baseke uhlobo olutsha lorhulumente olusekelwe kwimiba yeriphabliki ngokupheleleyo.
Kwiintlanganiso eziqhubekayo, abantu abafana noMiguel Domínguez bazibonakalisa, ngubani owaboleka indlu yakhe njengendawo yokuhlangana eQuerétaro. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bamema amajoni afana noPedro Celestino Negrete kwezi ziganeko, nangona kunjalo, uthatha isigqibo sokungamkeli isikhundla kwaye ubona izenzo njengezenzo zobuqili. Yintoni ebangela ukuba ngokwe-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide ukuba aziswe ngezenzo.
I-Iturbide ithatha isigqibo sokubamba abalinganiswa abanjengoGuadalupe Victoria, uNicolás Bravo, uJuan Bautista Morales, uBawo uJiménez, uBawo uCarvajal noMigue, uBarragán njengabangcatshi belizwe.
Izenzo ezityholwayo zeyelenqe ngokwenene yayiziincoko ezisekelwe kuphuhliso olunokuthi urhulumente alwenze, ngokuxhomekeke kumanyathelo athathiweyo.
Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba i-Iturbide ibanike inkululeko yabo kwakhona. Noko ke, ugqiba kwelokuba agcine uGuadalupe Victoria evalelwe, ekubeni wayengamgqala njengomntu othembekileyo. Kodwa ngenxa yeempembelelo zayo le ndoda iyakwazi ukuqhwesha entolongweni.