IiNzuzo zokuRecycling kwiplanethi zininzi, ngenxa yesi senzo umjikelo wobomi bayo nayiphi na imathiriyeli inokunyuswa ukuyiguqula ibe yimveliso enokusetyenziswa ixesha elide, endaweni yokuyijika ibe yinkunkuma kwaye ingcolise. Ukurisayikilisha kuguqula izinto zibe yenye into efana nomlingo. Kweli nqaku siza kukubonisa izigaba, iintlobo kunye noncedo lokurisayikilisha. Gcobani, funda, camngca kwaye wenze!
Iinzuzo zokurisayikilisha
Iinzuzo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ziphindaphindwe, kuba zivumela ukuphinda zisetyenziswe ezo zinto zithathwa njengenkunkuma, inkunkuma okanye inkunkuma, ukuziguqula kwaye uzinike ukusetyenziswa olutsha. Oku kunceda kakhulu ukuphepha ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, ukugcina izixhobo, ukugcina amandla kunye nemali. Ukusuka apha kuthathwa ukubaluleka kwalo mzekelo wophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ekuthandeni ukugcinwa kokusingqongileyo ngokusekelwe kwibhalansi phakathi kwezoqoqosho, i-ecological kunye nentlalontle esekelwe kwii-"R" ezintathu zokunciphisa, ukuhlaziya kunye nokulahla.
Ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukuba ufuna ukukhulelwa uluntu oluhambele phambili ngokwenene, kuba ukusebenzisa kwakhona kukuvumela ukuba unciphise inkunkuma kwindawo engqongileyo, indalo iya kukhuselwa ngakumbi kwaye uya kukwazi ukubonelela ngeyona nto ingcono. Ukuba nengqiqo ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla kuya kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo kwaye kuya kunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nazo zonke iziphumo eziveliswa koku.
Amanqanaba okuRecycling
Umsebenzi wokurisayikilishwa kufuneka udlule kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo ukuze ufezekise injongo yawo, ekunika ukusetyenziswa okutsha koko bekugqalwa njengenkunkuma okomzuzwana. Ukuze inkqubo iqhutywe ngokuchanekileyo, okokuqala, ukuqokelela kufuneka kuqhutywe, okubandakanya ukuqokelela okanye ukuqokelela iimveliso ezithile ezinokuthi zibe yinkcitho.
Emva koko, kuyimfuneko ukuyihlula okanye ukuyihlula, oko kukuthi, ukuyalela izixhobo ngokwamaqela ukuba zihlanjululwe ngokwendalo yazo. Ekugqibeleni, ukuvelisa, oku kulapho ukuguqulwa kwemveliso kuveliswa. Le yi-cyclical kwaye inokuphinda iphindwe izihlandlo ezininzi, zombini ekhaya nakwinqanaba loshishino.
Iindidi zokurisayikilisha
Ukuqonda ukuba ukurisayikilishwa yinkqubo yokuhlaziya kwakhona into ngexesha elinye eyayithathwa njengenkunkuma, ngoomatshini, imichiza okanye iinkqubo zebhayoloji kwaye ngale ndlela ufumane imathiriyeli entsha, imveliso okanye amandla. Ngolu luvo, inokuqinisekiswa ukuba kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokurisayikilisha, apha sikubonisa ezona zixhaphakileyo.
Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokurisayikilishwa, sifumana oomatshini, abasebenzisa umsebenzi wezandla okanye ukusetyenziswa koomatshini abakhethekileyo ukwenza inkqubo. Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiplanti zeplastiki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sifumana ukubuyiswa kweekhemikhali ezisebenzisa iindlela kunye neenkqubo ezivelisa utshintsho kwisakhiwo semveliso, umzekelo we-hydrogenation, ukuchithwa kwe-thermal kunye nokuchithwa, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngokubhekiselele kuhlobo lokuphinda kusetyenziswe amandla, yinto esetyenziswayo xa izinto okanye izinto eziphathekayo zingenakwenziwa kwaye zisetyenziswe ngenye indlela, umzekelo wale nto yi-pyrolysis kunye ne-gasification. Ezinye iindlela zokuphinda zisetyenziswe yibhayoloji, esekwe kunyango okanye ukuthotywa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahluliwe okanye hayi. Oku kwenzeka xa kukho okanye ukungabikho kwe-oksijeni, kwakhona ngoncedo lwenkqubo yomatshini.
Umzekelo wale nto kukutyalwa komgquba, okuyizinto eziphilayo eziveliswa kwinkunkuma yezolimo okanye kwigadi, ephathwa ukukhawulezisa ukubola kwayo kwaye isetyenziswe njengesichumisi. Phakathi kwezi kukwakho ne-biogas, eyirhasi etshayo eyenziwa kwindawo yendalo okanye kwizixhobo ezithile, ngokusabela kokuthotywa kwezinto eziphilayo.
Ukurisayikilishwa ngenkunkuma
Olu hlobo lokurisayikilishwa lubandakanya ukonga amandla ukuphepha ukuxhatshazwa ngokugqithisileyo kobutyebi bendalo, ngaloo ndlela kuthatyathwe ithuba loko bekunokugqalwa njengenkunkuma ngaphambili ukuba kusetyenziswe ukuveliswa kweemveliso ezintsha. Phakathi kwezona zixhaphakileyo zezi ndlela zilandelayo zokurisayikilishwa.
Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona iphepha kunye nekhadibhodi
Olu hlobo lokurisayikilisha luzisa iinzuzo ezinkulu kwiplanethi. Yinkqubo elula, apho zombini iphepha kunye nekhadibhodi zihlelwa, kukhunjulwa ukuba iphepha lasekhitshini alinakuphinda lisetyenziswe, kwaye akukho napkins zephepha ezinebala, okanye ikhadibhodi, i-polyethylene kunye ne-aluminiyam yokupakisha, ngokunjalo iphepha. igrisi, equlethe iileyibhile ezincamathelayo, iifoto okanye ii-x-reyi.
ukwenziwa ngokutsha kweplastiki
Iplastiki ikhona kuyo yonke into esingqongileyo, emele ipesenti ephezulu yenkunkuma eqinileyo efunyenwe kwiplanethi. Yimveliso eluncedo kakhulu, kodwa phakathi kweempawu zayo kukumelana kwayo okukhulu neenkqubo ze-biodegradation, oko kukuthi, isigaba sayo sokubola kwendalo ngenxa yesenzo se-biological agents sinokuthatha ixesha elide, elivelisa iingxaki ezinzulu kwiplanethi.
Iglasi yokurisayikilisha
Iglasi yokuphinda isetyenziswe yinkqubo eqhutywa ngeendlela ezimbini ngokuhlamba nokutyumza okanye ukwenza i-calcining kunye nokunyibilika kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukongeza isanti, i-sodium hydroxide kunye ne-limestone. Le nkqubo inokuthi iqhutywe ngamaxesha amaninzi njengoko kuyimfuneko kwaye ngenxa yoko kuyimfuneko ukuhlukana ngombala obala obala okanye oluhlaza. Ngombulelo kwezi nkqubo, kunokwenzeka ukuphepha ukukhukula komhlaba kunye nokuvelisa imililo emikhulu ebangelwa isenzo selanga kunye neglasi.
Ukwenziwa ngokutsha kwelaphu nezihlangu
Ngokubhekiselele ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kwamalaphu, xa elahlekelwa luncedo lwawo lokuqala, anokonakaliswa ukwenza ezinye iimveliso, anokutshiswa ukuze enze amandla.
Ukurisayikilishwa kwenkunkuma ephilayo (biowaste)
Iimveliso ze-Organic zibhekisa kuzo zonke iintsalela ezinokubola zezilwanyana okanye zemifuno. Ezi zinokuveliswa ekhaya okanye kwinqanaba lemizi-mveliso. Yinkqubo yebhayoloji ngokupheleleyo yendalo ye-anaerobic kunye ne-aerobic, oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa i-oksijini njenge-arhente ephambili, enika indlela ekudalweni kwe-microorganisms ukuvelisa i-compost ye-homogeneous enexabiso eliphezulu lomsebenzi wezolimo.
Ukurisayikilishwa kweebhetri kunye neebhetri
Ngenxa yobukho besinyithi esinzima kwiibhetri, zithathwa njengento eyityhefu kakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukwenza inkqubo efanelekileyo yokubuyisela kwakhona, kucetyiswa ukuba ugaye ngendlela efrijini. Emva koko, kufuneka ihambe ngenkqubo yokwahlula, eyathi, ngenxa yetafile engcangcazelayo, incede ukuchonga isinyithi esineferrous kunye ne-non-ferrous, iplastiki, iphepha kunye nothuli lwebhetri. Le yokugqibela iphantsi kwenkqubo ye-hydrometallurgical, apho ukukhutshwa kunye nokubuyiswa kweentsimbi kusetyenziswa izisombululo zamanzi, ezinamanzi kunye ne-organic. Ukurisayikilishwa koomatshini kusetyenziselwa le nkqubo.
Izinto ezilahliweyo okanye isinyithi kwakhona
Ukuphinda usebenzise i-scrap okanye iinxalenye zetsimbi, inkqubo yomatshini kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokomgaqo ovumela ukuhlukana kwesinyithi esine-ferrous kunye ne-non-ferrous, ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuhlola ivumela ukwahlula kunye nokwahlula izinto. Ekugqibeleni, iintsalela eziseleyo zityunyuziwe.
Ukurisayikilishwa komhlaba kunye nobutyobo
Ukuphinda usebenzise umhlaba okanye ubutyobo obuveliswe kulwakhiwo, imisebenzi yomhlaba okanye izakhiwo, ezi kufuneka zidlule kwi- trommel, evumela inkunkuma ukuba yahlulwe ngobukhulu ngelixa isusa ukungcola. Iyasetyenziswa kwakhona iijethi zomoya zokwahlula ngokobuninzi bazo. Emva koko, iijethi zomoya zisetyenziselwa ukugqiba izinto zokwahlula njengephepha, iplastiki okanye iglasi. Okokugqibela, umazibuthe onamandla aphezulu usetyenziswa ukususa izinto zeferrous.
ukurisayiklishwa kwamanzi
Ukuphinda usebenzise amanzi, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa unyango lwekhemikhali kunye nebhayoloji. Ngokomgaqo, inkunkuma eqinileyo kufuneka isuswe ngeesefu. Emva koko i-reagents ye-Chemical isetyenziswa, evumela ukupheliswa kwezinto ezincinci eziqinileyo ezingazange zipheliswe kwinqanaba lokuqala. Emva koko, i-decantation isetyenziselwa ukwahlula izinto ezimbini ezixubileyo, ezifana namanzi kunye neoli. Iimveliso zemichiza zongezwa ukuphelisa i-phosphates, iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane kwaye ekugqibeleni i-disinfection iqhutywe ukuze isetyenziswe.
Ukurisayikilishwa kwezixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki
Ukuphinda usebenzise izixhobo zombane kunye ne-elektroniki, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iindlela zoomatshini ukwahlula amacandelo ayo. Yintoni enzima kule nkqubo kukupheliswa kwee-agent ezinetyhefu ezifana ne-CFC, i-HCFC, iigesi ze-HFC, kunye ne-volatile organic compounds ezikhoyo kwizixhobo zokupholisa.
IiNzuzo eziPhambili zokuRisayikilishwa
Iinzuzo zokurisayikilisha zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokugcinwa kokusingqongileyo. Ewe, ngenxa yobu buchule, uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lunokufikelelwa ngokuhambelana nehlabathi elingenangcoliseko. Ngesi sizathu, iiparadigms kufuneka zitshintshwe zisingise kwihlabathi elicocekileyo apho ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yobutyebi kwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kuveliswa inkcitho encinci.
Ukonwabela izibonelelo ezinokuveliswa ngumsebenzi wokurisayikilishwa njengenxalenye yomsebenzi wethu wemihla ngemihla, kuyimfuneko ukuseka izicwangciso, ukuhlonipha imithetho emiselweyo kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, siqaphele izenzo zethu kulo mba. Phakathi kweenzuzo esinazo.
Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma
Isixa esingenakucingelwa seetoni zenkunkuma ziveliswa kwiplanethi, eyona nto iphelela kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma enkulu kwezona meko zilungileyo, ukuba azibanjwanga ngokuthe ngqo kwi-ecosystems. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngowama-2050 esi sijikelezi-langa siza kuvelisa iitoni ezimalunga nezigidi ezingama-3.400 XNUMX zenkunkuma.
Le mveliso igqithisileyo yenkunkuma iphelela ekuphelisweni kwamanzi okusela, ithoba umhlaba nomoya, yonakalisa iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo, nto leyo eyenza ibe yingxaki yokwenene yempilo yoluntu. Ngoku, ukuba usebenzela ukuphinda usetyenziswe njengenxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla, ukuncitshiswa kokuveliswa kwenkunkuma kuya kuphawuleka kwaye iplanethi iya kuyixabisa.
Ukusetyenziswa okuncinci kwemithombo yendalo
Imodeli yabathengi apho uninzi lwezizwe luntywiliselwa lufuna isixa esikhulu semithombo yendalo ukwanelisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, ezithe zavelisa impembelelo yokwenyani engalunganga kokusingqongileyo.
Oku kuye kwachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izinto zendalo. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ukuchaphazeleka kukufumana izibonelelo zendalo ezinokuthi zihlaziywe kwaye zingenakuphinda zihlaziywe, kuba kwelinye icala kukho uxinzelelo lokuvuselela kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imiphumo kwaye kwelinye icala ukuchithwa kobutyebi. Xa kuphinda kusetyenziswe iifom ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezizinzileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa okugqithisileyo, indalo iya kuba nethuba lokuzalisekisa imijikelezo yokuhlaziya ngokwemvelo.
Ukukhuselwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo
Ungcoliseko olukhoyo kwiintsimbi ezinzima, iidioxins ezikhutshwa kwiiplastiki xa zitshisiwe, inkunkuma eqinileyo, kunye nezinye iindlela eziyityhefu ziyakwazi ukutshabalalisa i-ecologies yonke. Ngesi sizathu, kuyafuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe iinkqubo zokuqokelela ezivumela ukugcinwa nokugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo.
Impilo yoluntu
Ungcoliseko luye lwaba yingxaki yezempilo yoluntu kwihlabathi liphela. Akunjalo nje ngenxa yokuthotywa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa komgangatho wobomi, kodwa nangenxa yokuzala kwezilwanyana ezivelisa izifo, ezifana neempuku, izinambuzane, ibhaktheriya kunye ne-pathogenic protozoa. Ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona kunokunciphisa kakhulu ezi meko kuphuhliso olusempilweni loluntu.
Ukonga umbane
Uluntu lwangoku lwabathengi lusebenzisa ngokugqithisileyo amandla, amaninzi avela kumafutha e-fossil, avelisa iziphumo ezinzima kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Ngesi sizathu, kuya kusiba yimfuneko ngakumbi ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zamandla e-ikholoji kunye nokwazisa abemi malunga nokusetyenziswa okusengqiqweni kwesi sixhobo.
Yehlisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi
Inkqubo yokubuyisela kwakhona inokunciphisa kakhulu i-greenhouse effect. Ibangelwa kukukhutshwa kweegesi ezifana ne-CO2, i-nitrogen oxides, i-hydrofluorocarbons kunye ne-chlorofluorocarbons.
Ukuncitshiswa kwamahlathi
Xa kusetyenziswa ngokutsha, ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungeyomfuneko kuyaphetshwa. Ukuvumela uphuhliso lwamahlathi, nto leyo inceda kakhulu ukuphucula umoya kunye nomgangatho womhlaba.
ukonga imali
Ukwamkela ukurisayikilishwa njengendlela yobomi kunceda ekunciphiseni iindleko zoqoqosho, ekubeni ukuthenga okungeyomfuneko kuyaphetshwa, nto leyo enegalelo ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi. Kwakunye nokuncipha kokwenziwa kwenkunkuma, nto leyo itolika kulondolozo lwamaqumrhu karhulumente ngokolawulo nokuphathwa kwezinto ezingcolisa umoya.
Imithombo emitsha yengqesho
Iinkqubo ezintsha zoqoqosho ezijoliswe kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo okanye uqoqosho olujikelezayo, zifuna ukudalwa kweenkampani ezininzi ezisekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kweemveliso ezithile kwaye ngenxa yoko, abasebenzi abakhethekileyo bayimfuneko kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlela, ukuqokelelwa kunye nokulungiswa kwenkunkuma eyahlukileyo eyenziwa umntu.
uxanduva lwezizukulwana
Ungcoliseko luyinyani ekhoyo ehlabathini, oluthi ukuba aluphathwa ngokufanelekileyo luya kuzuzwa zizizukulwana ezizayo eziya kuba ngamaxhoba ezenzo ezimbi ezisetyenziswa kunyango nasekuthinteleni ukonakaliswa kwendalo kwangoku. Yiyo loo nto kuyimfuneko ukuseka imithetho, imimiselo kunye nemithetho enyanzeliswa ngokwenene ukuze iqalise ukuphelisa esi sibetho sibi.
Ikhuthaza ukuyila kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo
Ukukhula okuhambelanayo komntu kunye nendalo kucwangciswe ngamaqhinga kunye nokuqonda ukugcinwa kunye nentlonipho yezinto zendalo. Ukwenzela oku, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iindlela ezintsha ezisebenzisa ngokunengqiqo ubutyebi bendalo kwaye ukurisayikilishwa yinto esisiseko kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobuntu.
Inkqubo yokurisayikilisha
Iplanethi yethu ifuna inkqubo yokurisayikilisha ethomalalisa kakhulu amanqanaba akhoyo ongcoliseko. Ukwenza oku, izinto zokuchonga ezikrelekrele zinokusetyenziswa, njengezikhongozeli ezinolawulo lofikelelo ezinokuqhutywa nge-Smartphone. Ukulawulwa kokwahlulwa okuchanekileyo kwenkunkuma. Ukuqhuba amaphulo okwazisa okanye ibhonasi kwabo bemi barisayikilishe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuphucula ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo, ukwandisa ingeniso ekubuyiseni inkunkuma. Fundisa ukuze abantu babe nolwazi oluninzi malunga nendlela echanekileyo yokurisayikilishwa.
Izikhongozeli
Ukuze kuqhutyekwe nokurisayikilishwa okuchanekileyo, kubalulekile ukwazi inkqubo yokwahlula, ehlelwa ngokodidi lwazo, ukuze kamva ifakwe kwisingxobo esihambelanayo. Izikhongozeli ezisetyenziselwa inkqubo yokurisayikilisha zichongwa ngemibala, emele uhlobo lwemathiriyeli. Le nkqubo ifanelekile ukuba iphunyezwe ezikolweni, kumaziko asezidolophini kunye neenkampani, ngale ndlela ukugcinwa kwendalo kuqinisekisiwe.
Izikhongozeli zihlelwa ngokombala, oblowu, zisetyenziselwa ukufaka iphepha kunye nekhadibhodi kwiibhokisi, izikhongozeli zekhadibhodi kunye nalo naluphi na uhlobo lwephepha elinjengamaphephandaba, iimagazini, amaxwebhu, iincwadana, iphepha lokusonga, iibhena zopapasho, phakathi kwezinye. Isingxobo esimthubi sisetyenziselwa ukuseyisa iibhotile zeplastiki, izikhongozeli zokutya, iingxowa zeplastiki, iibhokisi zobisi, kwakunye neetoti zesiselo esihlwahlwazayo. Uhlaza lusetyenziselwa ukufaka iglasi njengeebhotile zeglasi, iingqayi, iziqwenga zezipili kunye neglasi eyophukileyo.
Kwimeko yee-container ezi-orenji, zisetyenziselwa ukuphinda zisetyenziswe inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo, ukuba esi sikhongozeli asifumaneki, isitya esingwevu sisetyenziswa. Ebomvu ayixhaphakanga kakhulu kuba isetyenziselwa ukuqulatha inkunkuma enetyhefu kunye neyingozi, njengenkunkuma yasesibhedlele, iibhetri, izibulala-zinambuzane, i-aerosols, i-oyile okanye iimveliso zobuchwepheshe kwaye ekugqibeleni isitya esingwevu, esisetyenziselwa ukuquka inkunkuma yasekhaya kunye neentsalela ezizenzayo. ayingeni kwezinye iindidi.
Iinyani zokuziyolisa
Ngaba ubusazi ukuba nyaka ngamnye iitoni zenkunkuma ziveliswa ezingalungiswanga kwaye kule minyaka ingama-40 idlulileyo kuye kwaveliswa inkunkuma eninzi ehlabathini ukususela oko kwavela umntu. Inkunkuma eyenziwa ngumntu yenziwe ngama-45% ezinto eziphilayo, i-22% yephepha nekhadibhodi, i-10% yeplastiki, i-7% yeglasi, i-4% yesinyithi, i-2% yebrik kunye ne-10% enye inkunkuma. Ukuba kuyenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe kwakhona iitoni ezi-2 zeplastiki, oko kungasindisa itoni e-1 yamafutha efosili, njengoko kunjalo ngetoni yezikhongozeli zeglasi esele zisetyenzisiwe, oko kungasindisa iilitha ezili-130 zamafutha.
Ukuphumeza
Ukuba ufuna abantu abadala bahlaziye, thetha nje nabantwana ngokubaluleka kokurisayikilishwa kwaye baya kuyenza. Indlela yokurisayikilisha kakuhle mayibe sisifundo esisisinyanzelo kuzo zonke izikolo. Ungaxela ukuba uluntu luqhubele phambili kangakanani na ngobuninzi benkunkuma eluphinda lusetyenziswe. Ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona kuhle ngeendlela ezininzi, nokuba injongo kukufumana abantu ukuba baphephe inkunkuma kwasekuqaleni.
Ndiyakumema ukuba ubukele le vidiyo, ukuze usebenzise ubugcisa obuhle bokuphinda usebenzise kwakhona, iplanethi iya kukubulela.
Funda ngakumbi malunga nokusingqongileyo, landela la makhonkco, uya kuwathanda!:
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