El IBarometer Isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubungakanani boxinzelelo oluqhutywa ngumoya kwindawo ethile, oku kuthetha ukuba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokufunda ngeziganeko zemeteorological, siyakumema ukuba ufunde ngakumbi ngesi sixhobo sixabisekileyo kwesi sithuba.
Uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric
Okokuqala, ukuthetha ngayo barometer Kuyimfuneko ukucacisa ukuba yintoni na Uxinzelelo lomoya, okuyiyo enyanzeliswa kuyo yonke imizimba esemhlabeni ngenxa yomthwalo umoya owubeka phezu kwayo, le mpembelelo ihambelana ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuphakama apho umzimba ukuyo, kuba ukude kakhulu. ukusuka emhlabeni kwaye ngokukhona isondela kwiatmosfera.
Uxinzelelo luguquguquka kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyilinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye yenza ukuba iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zilahlekelwe lixabiso ngokukhawuleza, ekubeni ixesha emva kokuba libalwe kunokwenzeka ukuba aziyi kuhlala zifana kwaye aziyi kuba naluphi na ukufaneleka okanye ubudlelwane ngentlonipho. ukuya kwisifundo.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthinteli irekhodi ukuba yenziwe kwidatha efunyenweyo ukwenzela ukugcina umkhondo weenguqu ezivezwe kwindawo ethile, konke oku ukwenzela ukuba kamva uthelekise kwaye ukwazi ukufunda imiba echaphazela utshintsho kwixinzelelo, kuba zizinto ezininzi ezinxulumene nokuguqulwa koxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric.
La manani aqokelelwa ukugcina umkhondo, anokunceda kwakhona ukufumana enye idatha ngokumalunga nobushushu, imvula kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zendawo echaphazelekayo, kunye nale ngcaciso kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa ezichanekileyo, kunokucingelwa ukuba utshintsho luya kuba yintoni na. .ezibonakala emoyeni zize zibe nefuthe kuloo ndawo kangangexesha elifutshane.
Yintoni iBarometer?
Ngoku, uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-barometric pressure kuba i-barometer yenye ye izixhobo zemozulu esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo kwindawo ethile kwaye ichaze idatha echanekileyo efunyenwe ngolu zibalo
Xa sithetha ngesi sixhobo, sibhekisela kwinto yokulinganisa igalelo layo kwi-meteorology ibalulekile ukucacisa izibonakaliso ezininzi ze-atmospheric, ixesha lokuqala lisetyenziswe kwi-1643 kwizandla ze-physicist yemvelaphi yase-Italian.
Historia
Ekuqaleni, abantu babengazi ukuba umoya, nangona wawuyigesi, ngokwenene wawunobunzima, ukufunyanwa koxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric kwaqala njengovavanyo olulula lwamanzi, xa wawungadluli kumphakamo othile, izazinzulu zazikholelwa ukuba kwakungenxa yokuba umoya wawuye wafunyanwa ngenxa yobunzima bomoya. ukuxinana kwamanzi akuzange kumvumele ukuba anyuke ngaphezu kwelo nqanaba.
Kwakumalunga nonyaka we-1643 xa ingcali yefiziksi yaseItali egama linguEvangelista Torricelli, yavelisa esi sixhobo sokulinganisa ngokuqhelisela okunxulumene nesikhongozelo esinde esinemekyuri, ngolu hlobo ulingo lwenziwa olufana nolo lwalusenziwa ngaphambili ngaManzi.
Xa uTorricelli wabona ukuba ubunzima be-mercury babungenalo impembelelo enkulu kunye nokunyuka okanye ukuncipha koxinaniso ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na into ehambelana nokuphakama apho uxinzelelo lwalulinganiswa khona, wakwazi ukufumana ukuba ngokwenene enye into eyangenelela. kubude obufikelelwe ngulo mzimba kunye noxinzelelo olwenziwayo emzimbeni, ngenxa yesi sizathu wagqiba kwelokuba kufuneka kube ngumoya, ekubeni yayiyenye impembelelo eyayisebenza kwisenzo.
Isazi sezibalo esingumFrentshi uBlaise Pascal weva malunga nezincoko zikaTorrielli kunye nethiyori yakhe malunga ne-vacuum, ubunzima bomoya kunye noxinzelelo olwenziwa emizimbeni, emva kwemizamo emininzi yokuqinisekisa ingqikelelo yokuba isiTaliyane sele sisekiwe, imithambo kwabo kwafuneka ukuba usibali ukuba enze umsebenzi awayengaqeqeshwanga kuwo uPascal.
Oku kwamzisela iingxaki kamva, kuba umncedisi wakhe wayefuna ukunika yonke into efunyenweyo kuye, nto leyo umFrentshi akazange ayivumele, nangona oku kuzisa iingxaki, yonke into yayifanelekile ekugqibeleni ekubeni ingcamango malunga nokufunyanwa yayinokuqinisekiswa. indawo.
Nangona ezinye iingcali zazisele zicebise ingcamango yokuba umoya unobunzima kwaye uTorricelli wade wakhawula into enokulinganisa uxinzelelo olwenzileyo, akuzange kube yimvavanyo kaPascal apho izazinzulu ezinkulu zelo xesha zavula amehlo azo.
Ukusebenza kweBarometer
Ukuveliswa kokuqala kwe-barometer yenziwe nguTorricelli, yenziwe nge-mercury kwaye yenziwe ngentsika yolwelo oluqulethwe kwityhubhu etywinwe yinxalenye ephambili, yayilinganiswa ngokobude obufikelelwe yintsimbi. ngaphakathi kumbhobho .
Ukusebenza kwe-barometer kutshintshile ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ngoku ulawulo lwayo luchaneke ngakumbi, kuba zonke kufuneka ziphumelele ngokumalunga nomgangatho wolwandle, osetyenziswa njengesalathisi ukwenzela ukuba izixhobo zokulinganisa zinike iziphumo ezilinganayo.
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba isiphumo soxinzelelo kwindawo engaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle asifani naleyo yendawo engaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle.
Iinxalenye
Amalungu e-a barometer Ngokuqhelekileyo bahlula ngokohlobo, ngaphakathi kwabo sinokufumana oku kulandelayo:
- I-Thermometer yeBhokisi: Isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubushushu
- IHygrometer: Inoxanduva lokulinganisa ukufuma okukwiatmosfera.
- Iqhosha loLungiso: Lungisa i-trackball kunye nenqanaba
- Isibuko seConvex: Sikwasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubushushu
- Umyalelo weNqanaba kunye neNqanaba: Ibonisa iqondo loxinzelelo lomoya.
Iindidi
Okwangoku kukho ubuncinane iintlobo ezine kunye nezinye izinto zokulinganisa ezivela kwi-barometer, kwezinye iindidi sinokufumana oku kulandelayo:
Ibarometer yeMercury
Yayiyi-barometer yokuqala eyilwe nguTorricelli, le yayiyityhubhu yeglasi enobude obuziisentimitha ezingama-850 eyayine-mercury kwaye xa ijikeleziswa yaphakama ngombhobho inika umphumo oyifunayo. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lwento akukhuthazwa kuba i-mercury iyintsimbi enzima kakhulu kwaye iyingozi.
IBarometer yeAneroid
Yenziwe ngebhokisi yentsimbi engenanto, ayisebenzisi i-mercury kwaye isiphumo siboniswa ngamadonga e-elastic yebhokisi, kuba inengxaki yokukhubazeka okungaphezulu okanye okuncinci okuyisampulu yeziphumo, nangona kunjalo, oku akunjalo. ichanekile kakhulu.
Ialtimeter yeBarometer
Le barometer isetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwi-aeronautics, kuba isebenza ukunika izibonakaliso kumqhubi wendlela yokuphakama anokuthi abe ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kwaye esi sixhobo sinokulinganisa iinyawo okanye iimitha.
Fort Barometer
Eli klasi lenziwe ityhubhu ye-mercury ebekwe kwi-tube yeglasi, yonke into ixhaswa yinkqubo efanayo ngenxa yeendawo zokubeka kunye ne-thermometer, iziphumo ezinikezelayo zichanekile kakhulu.
Yiyo loo nto olu hlobo lwe-barometer lusetyenziswa kwiilabhoratri zesayensi ezamkelwayo nezifuna kakhulu izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukulinga, ziyisebenzisela imilinganiselo echanekileyo ephezulu.
IBarometer kaGoethe
Ludidi lwesikhongozeli seglasi esizaliswe lulwelo ngedayi (ukwazi ukuhlulahlula ngcono) kwaye umlinganiselo wolwelo ujongwa apho kungalinganiswa khona uxinzelelo lomoya, nangona kunjalo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba Olu hlobo lwesixhobo aluchanekanga kakhulu.
Ibarometer yedijithali
I-digital barometer iza ne-analyzer yokufuma kwaye isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric yendawo ethile, oku kuvumela abantu ukuba baqinisekise ukuba banolawulo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwendawo apho bakhoyo, oku kusebenza ngokulula kakhulu kwaye kuxhomekeke uphawu kunye nomgangatho isixhobo iya kusebenza ngcono, kodwa badla ichanekile kakhulu.
Ngaphakathi kwezixhobo ezithathwe kwii-barometers sinokufumana oku kulandelayo:
- Uluhlu: Kukwahluka kwe-barometer, isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-atmosphere kwaye icacise ukuhluka kwayo kwiphepha lephepha.
- esweni uxinzelelo lwegazi: Isetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwizigulana, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-sphygmomanometer.
- IManómetro: Sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi aqulethwe kwizikhongozeli ezivaliweyo, kukho iindidi ezimbini ze-manometers, enye yazo ingaba yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nolunye ukulinganisa iigesi. Umahluko okhoyo phakathi kwe i-manometer kunye ne-barometer kukuba eyokuqala ilinganisa uxinzelelo kwindawo evaliweyo okanye kwisingxobo ize eyesibini ilinganise uxinzelelo kwindawo evulekileyo okanye kwisingxobo.
- igeyiji yokufunxa: Inoxanduva lokulinganisa uxinzelelo olungaphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric ngokuchaneka okukhulu, oko kukuthi, ilinganisa i-vacuum kwiindawo kwaye isetyenziswe kumasebe ahlukeneyo obomi bemihla ngemihla, ngakumbi kwishishini njengentsimi yophando lwezesayensi kunye nobugcisa.