Las iintaka ezidla umzi zichazwa njengezo ntaka ezinkulu ezondla izilwanyana ezikwimeko ephucukileyo yokubola, kweli nqaku siza kuchaza iimpawu zazo, iindidi kunye nendawo yokuhlala. Funda kunye nathi ngakumbi malunga nezi ntaka zingaqhelekanga.
Yintoni iintaka ezifileyo?
Olunye uphawu oluphambili olunalolu hlobo lwentaka, kwaye olunokuthi ngalo luchongwe ngokukhawuleza, kukukwazi ukutya ngokwemvelo kwizilwanyana ezibolileyo. Ngokubanzi, ezi ntlobo zeentaka zikhetha ukwetyisa ixhoba elifileyo endaweni yokungcamla izilwanyana eziphilayo.
Nangona kwezinye iimeko zihlala zizingela izilwanyana zihamba, ngokumangalisayo, aziqali ukuyidla, kodwa xa ixhoba liyekile ukuhamba, isenzo esibonisa ukuba isilwanyana sifile ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kanye ngelo xesha baqhubeka nokukrazula isilwanyana. ixhoba.
Yintoni i-carrion?
Eli gama livela kwiLatin Carrión, libonakala libulela kwinto yokuba libhekisa kwigama elithi inyama. Oko sithetha ngenyama ngexesha lokubola kunye nokubola. I-Carrion imele okanye ibhekiselele ekutyeni ukuba ezo zilwanyana zenziwe ukuba zondle inyama zivame ukukwetyiswa. Ngokubanzi, azikho i-ecosystems engenabo kwaphela ubukho besilwanyana esithile esizidlayo.
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana, ezidla ngokuba ziintaka, ezitya olu hlobo lokutya okubolileyo. Phakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo sinokuzikhankanya, imibungu, neempukane. Ezi zilwanyana zinceda ngokukodwa ukucubungula izidumbu zezilwanyana kuphela, kodwa kunye nezidumbu zabantu.
Ke ngoko, ezi zizalisekisa ngokwenene umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ngokubhekiselele kokusingqongileyo kunye neenkqubo zendalo zokuqhekeka kwezidumbu ezixeliweyo. Ngaphandle kwabo, oku kuya kuba nzima kakhulu kwaye, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, inkqubo yokubola icotha kakhulu.
Inyama efileyo iqala inkqubo yokubola xa isilwanyana okanye umntu efile, kulandela esi senzo, ayizukuthatha ixesha elide ukutsala kwaye ivelise kwaye izale iintshulube zaso. Akuthathi xesha lide ukuba isidumbu esixeliweyo siqale ukukhupha amavumba angathandekiyo kunye neentsholongwane, athi aphuhlise umbulelo kwindawo yokuhlala yebhaktheriya ekhoyo kuyo.
Njengenyaniso ephawulekayo, indalo ikwabonelela ngezenzo ezithile ezivumela isidumbu ukuba sibonwe ngokukhawuleza ngamarhamncwa e-scavenger, phakathi kwezi zinto zendalo, sifumana umngundo, kunye neentlobo ezithile zezityalo, ezinokuthi ngokukodwa zikwazi ukuvumba amanqanaba okubola, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ukutsala ezinye izilwanyana ezinceda ukubola.
Iyimfuneko kwikhonkco lokutya
Los Iintaka ama-scavenger abaluleke kakhulu ngokusingqongileyo, ngoba? Kulula kakhulu, iintaka ze-scavenger ngokubanzi, zinceda okusingqongileyo, kuba ngokucutshungulwa kwezilwanyana ezikwimeko yokubola zihlambulula izithuba, ukuze ngale ndlela zingabi namagciwane abulalayo ngokupheleleyo eluntwini.
Iimpawu zeentaka ze-scavenger
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokugqanyiswa kwi iintaka ezidla umzi, nangona kunjalo, ezininzi zazo zixhaphake ngakumbi ukugqamisa kwezinye iindidi zeentaka kunezinye. Enye into ekufuneka siyithathele ingqalelo yeyokuba, ngenxa yeyantlukwano yeeklasi ezikhoyo kwi-ecosystem yehlabathi, ayizizo zonke iintaka ze-scavenger ezithanda ukuba neempawu ezifanayo, nangona kunjalo, ezinye zazo zihambelana ngeempawu ezifanayo.
Ukushiya ecaleni into edibanisayo kwaye idibanise zonke, iintaka ezidlayo ziyaguquguquka ngokupheleleyo, kwaye uphawu olwabelwanayo lunokumela isimbo esinye, esingasoloko sijongwa rhoqo kubukhulu beli qela leentaka. Ekugqibeleni, ezinye zeempawu zayo zezi zilandelayo:
Ukutyiswa kweentaka ze-scavenger
Iintaka ze-Scavenger, ngokutyekela, zidla izilwanyana ezifileyo, nangona ezinye zazo zikwazi ukuzingela izilwanyana ezishukumayo, njengoko sibonisile ngaphambili, zisebenzisa naziphi na iinketho ezimbini ezivezwa kubo, phakathi kwazo sifumana iinkozi.
Amaxesha amaninzi, olu hlobo lweentaka ludla ngokufumana inkunkuma elahlwe zizilwanyana ezitya inyama, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sigxininise ukuba amasiko eentaka ezidla inyama aphenjelelwe kakhulu kutshintsho oluphawulekayo, malunga nokutya.
Oku kubangelwa kukuba ngoku, izenzo zabantu zihlala zilahla ubuninzi benkunkuma kwiindawo ezivulekileyo, ezithi zigqitywe ziintaka ezixeliweyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, sidla ngokufumana ezi zilwanyana kwiindawo ezisezidolophini zilindele naluphi na uphawu lwenkunkuma, kwaye zidla ngokufunyanwa zibhadula kuphahla lwezakhiwo.
Olunye lweempawu zabo ezibalaseleyo bubuqhophololo ababubonisayo, kuba kumaxesha amaninzi bafunyanwa belandela izilwanyana ezithile ezifuna ukutya endleleni yabo, kwaye xa zidibana nexhoba elinokubakho, iintaka ezizingelayo ziyalihlutha ixhoba. ithuba lokutya irhamncwa elithile.
Kwezinye iimeko, ezi zidla ngokuqokelelana kwiindawo apho kukho inkukuma eninzi enenkunkuma enokuba luncedo kubo. Ityala likwanikezelwa, kwezo zilwanyana ziphila, okanye zonzakele kakhulu, apho i iintaka ezidla umzi baya kulandela, bade babone ukuba isilwanyana eso siwile sifile baze ngaloo ndlela baqhubeke besidla.
Inkqubo yokwetyisa yeentaka ze-scavenger
Oku kubonisa enye yezona mpawu zinomtsalane zeentaka ezitya inyama, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba zinenkqubo yokwetyisa enokwenzeka. Ezi ntlobo zeentaka zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukucubungula izilwanyana ezibolileyo, ngaphezu kokuba nokukwazi ukucubungula inani elikhulu lenyama.
Ukongeza koku, banenani elithile leebhaktheriya kwizinto eziphilayo zabo, ezibanceda ukuba baqhube ukutya okubolileyo, baze bagaywe ngokuqhelekileyo ngeebhaktheriya ezixeliweyo, enye yemisebenzi ekhethekileyo yale bhaktheriya kukuphelisa i-toxins.
Ngenxa yesakhono senkqubo yazo yokwetyisa, ezi zezinye zeentaka ezikwaziyo ukwetyisa ukutya okutyiwa ngokwesiqhelo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba nakuphi na ukutya okonakeleyo kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizilwanyana nakubantu. Ngoko ke, iintaka ze-scavenger zimela ezo zilwanyana ezinesisu esinamandla kakhulu kwisikali sezinto eziphilayo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkqubo yabo yokugaya yenzelwe kuphela ukucubungula ukutya okubolileyo, nangona kunjalo, esi sixhobo asikwazi ukumelana neetyhefu. Kucingwa ukuba maxa wambi aba bangamaxhoba okutya okunetyhefu.
Ezi zinto zikhankanywe ngasentla zineedosi ezinkulu zemichiza, nto leyo eveliswa ngabanye abantu ngenjongo yokuzibona zisithela kwezinye iindawo ezinemigodi yeentaka ezifileyo. Ngenxa yezi zizathu kunye nezinye, iintaka zibonwa kwimeko esengozini.
Olu phawu lunomdla ngokupheleleyo, kucacile kuthi ukuba ezi ntaka zenzelwe injongo eyakhiwe kakhulu. Ekubeni zenziwa ukuba zilungelelanise iinkqubo ezithile zendalo, ngomjikelo wobomi eziwuzalisekisayo kwimekobume.
iintaka zentlalo
Uninzi lwazo iintaka ezidla umzi Banophawu lokuhamba nokuhlala bengamaqela. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba baphuhlise obu buchule bokuhamba kunye neqela kunye ikakhulu ngenxa yobuchule bobuqili ababubonisayo kwimikhwa yabo yokuzingela. Lo mkhwa wokuhlala ngamaqela wenza ukuzingela kube lula kubo, ngendlela yokuba xa ubani ekwazile ukuzingela ixhoba, abanye basebenzise ithuba lokuzingela ukuze batye.
Kwizihlandlo ezininzi, zifumaneka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo, kubo akuyongxaki ukuhlala kunye nokuba azikho kwiqela elinye leentaka. Umzekelo woku yi-condor, enokuthi ifunyanwe ehlala kunye nezinye iintlobo, kwimeko apho zikwazi ukuzingela ixhoba elikhulu.
ubungakanani beentaka ezidlayo
Le yenye yeempawu ezichaza kakhulu ezi ntaka zingaqhelekanga. Enyanisweni, kufuneka sigxininise ukuba ezona ntaka zinkulu kwihlabathi jikelele zifumaneka kwiintlobo zeentaka ze-scavenger, i-condor ngokwayo yintaka iphakamileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zeentaka, xa idibene nokhozi. nako kolu luhlu.
Kwezinye iimeko, sinokufumana iindidi zeentaka ezingenayo ubungakanani obukhulu ngokugqithisileyo, umzekelo woku yigwababa, elihluke kwezinye iintaka, zincinci. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwazo lwayilwa ngobukhulu obugqithisileyo kwaye bunomtsalane ngokwenene.
Indawo yokuhlala iintaka ezifileyo
Akukho nanye indawo yokuhlala, apho sinokubonakalisa ukuhlala kwezi ntaka. Uninzi lwazo luthe saa kulo lonke ihlabathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba liphi na ilizwekazi, nangona kukho iintlobo ezithile ezinokuthi zifumaneke kuphela kumazwekazi anjengeMelika, njengokhozi lwe-harpy, uhlobo lokhozi oludla ngokuthakathwa kwiindawo ezithile zelizwekazi.
Ubukhulu becala, abahlaseli banokuziqhelanisa nemisebenzi eyenziwa ngabantu, besasaza kufutshane nathi nokuba bakufutshane kangakanani na, nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabo alukhange lukwazi ukuziqhelanisa lula nocelomngeni olungqongileyo, nto leyo evumela uninzi lwabo ukuba luziqhelanise nocelomngeni. iintlobo eziza kuchaphazeleka kunye nenani lazo lincitshiswe.
Esinye seziphumo zokuphela kweentlobo ezithile zeentaka, okanye ukunqongophala kokuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo, kungenxa yokunqongophala kwe-carrion, kunye nomonakalo okhoyo kwi-ecosystem yonke imihla, ngenxa yezinto ezenziwa ngabantu. Yintoni eyenza ukuba bangabikho indawo ebamkelayo, into yokuba kwangaxeshanye, ibangela ukufudukela kwezinye iindawo, apho basenokungakwazi ukufumana ukutya ngokuqhubekayo.
Izibonelelo zeentaka zokuxhwila
Izibonelelo ezinikezelwa zezi ntaka ngokubanzi kwihlabathi, zininzi kakhulu, kuba njengoko besesikhankanyile ngaphambili, zizalisekisa umsebenzi onikezelweyo kwaye unikezelwe kuwo ngendlela ekhethekileyo, kuba ziyilwe ngobuchule kunye neempawu. ezinceda okusingqongileyo malunga nokucoca kunye nenkunkuma.
Lo msebenzi ulele ekucoceni nasekuhlambululeni iindawo apho isilwanyana esibolileyo sifumaneka. Ngoko ke, eli xhoba liba kukutya okuqhelekileyo kweentaka, ngenxa yale nkqubo eziyenzayo, zombini izilwanyana kunye nabantu badla ngokuxhamla ngokutshabalala kokungcoliswa kwezilwanyana ezibolile.
Ngenxa yokuba ezi ntaka zikwetyisa ukutya okubolileyo ngokulula okukhulu, ukuchumisa komhlaba kuqhutywa ngempumelelo. Ukuqhutywa kwayo ngokuqhubekayo kuvumela yonke into esemhlabeni ukuba ibe nokulingana. Ngenxa yezenzo abazenzayo ngokwemvelo, iindawo ezininzi ziye zaxhamla ngandlel 'ithile, kuba ukusukela oko isilwanyana siphulukana nobomi baso, intsalela yaso ayihlali ixesha elide kwiindawo ezikhankanyiweyo, kuba abahlaseli baphethe ukucoca indawo leyo. .
imithombo ye-carrion
Inyama efileyo ivela kwimiphumo eyahlukahlukeneyo okanye kwizinto ekubonakala ukuba zilandela ukufa komntu othile ofileyo. Ubukhulu becala, ngokuqhelekileyo ziza ngobukhulu obuninzi, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana.
Sinokuyifumana kwimilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo, iyahluka ukusuka kwimpuku encinci ukuya kwisilwanyana esilingana nendlulamthi, okanye nakwii-cetaceans ezifana nomnenga umzekelo. Kwiintaka ezilahlayo, imvelaphi yalo naluphi na uhlobo okanye isimbo sokubola kokutya akunamsebenzi. Phakathi kweminye imithombo apho i-carrion ivela khona, sinokugxininisa oku kulandelayo:
Izigebenga zibulala
Okubangela umdla kukuba, kufuneka sikhankanye esi sicwangciso ukuba iintaka ezimbalwa ezidla ngokudla ngokusetyenziswa, nangona kunjalo abo banobuganga bokuqhuba imfazwe efana nale, bazama ukuzingela ngamaqela amakhulu eentaka, ezinamandla okugungqisa enye okanye ngaphezulu. ukungcamla ixhoba elizingelwayo.
Ngalo mzuzu, iintaka zithatha icala, kwaye zilawule ukugxotha isilwanyana ebesiqale sijonge ekuzingeleni, okanye ngokwemiqathango engqongqo, iintaka zikwazi ukubulala irhamncwa, zifumana amaxhoba amabini ahlukeneyo.
ukuzingela kulahla
Njengoko sisazi, izenzo zokuzingela zisasebenza, kwaye kukho abo baziqhelanisa rhoqo kwaye ngamaxesha, abanye abazingeli balahla amalungu athile abangafuni ukuwasebenzisa, ngoko ke, iintaka ze-scavener azithathi ixesha elide ukusondela kwindawo ebonelelwe. uhlala ushiywe ngaphandle.
Kwezinye iimeko isilwanyana sifa kudala ngaphambi kokuba umzingeli azingele ngempumelelo, ecinga ukuba isilwanyana sasonzakele kakhulu ngaphambili, yaye ngaloo ndlela sihlala sikhukuliseka. Inyani enika iintaka ezitya ukutya ngokulula kakhulu.
Imoto iyabaleka
Lo mba uqhele ukwenzeka rhoqo ngezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezinjengezinja, okanye iikati ezihlala ziwela iindlela okanye izitalato, ezithi ekugqibeleni zife, kwaye zilungele ukuqwengwa kwiiyure ezimbalwa, ngenxa yokubola okuqhubekekayo okuya kwenzeka emva kokufa kwazo.
ukufa ngengozi
Ukufa ngengozi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwizinto zangaphandle, ezikwabonisa impumelelo yokutya okutsha kwi-scavengers.
ukufa kwendalo
Olu hlobo lokufa luyenzeka kwezinye iimeko. Yimeko yezo zilwanyana eziye zawugqiba ngokwanelisayo umjikelo wobomi obumiselweyo, zize ekugqibeleni zife ngokwemvelo. Ethi emva koko ibe luhlobo lokutya kwe-carrion.
Strandings elunxwemeni
Imele imeko yezo zilwanyana zidla ngokuzisa ubunzima obuthile embindini wolwandle, zivaleleke, zize ekugqibeleni zife, kucacile ukuba i-carrion iza kuhlasela le ndawo kungekudala.
imizekelo yeentaka ezifileyo
Kulo mba, sinokunciphisa ukuba ubukho be Iintlobo zeentaka okanye iintlobo, zininzi ngokupheleleyo, ngokubhekiselele kukwahluka okuvezwayo, esiya kuthi ngenxa yazo sikhankanye ezinye ezaziwa ngokwenene ehlabathini lonke. Phakathi kwabo:
Ixhalanga elimnyama
Intaka enkulu etya izilwanyana ezifileyo. Ngomnye wezona zixhaphazi zidumileyo kwihlabathi. Ibonakala ngokuba nohlobo lweentsiba ezimnyama, ngokukodwa, ezimnyama, ezi ntsiba zihlala zinobukhulu obubonakalayo. Ngokweempawu zayo ayinazintsiba entanyeni yayo. Le ntaka ye-scavenger yenye yezona ndawo zixhaphakileyo ezidolophini.
Leandro Vulture
Olu hlobo lwexhalanga ngokwenene luphawu kwaye luhluke kwiintlobo ezikhankanywe ngaphambili, ekubeni inomlinganiselo wobunzima kunye nobukhulu, bukhulu kakhulu kunezinye iintlobo zexhalanga. Olunye uphawu olulwenza lwahluke kukuvakala kweentsiba zalo, ezikhaphukhaphu kakhulu kunelo langaphambili, elineentsiba ezimnyama ezimnyama.
Ikhondor
Kuluhlu lwethu, akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba singayikhankanyi esi silwanyana esichukumisayo emehlweni abantu. Oku kubonisa eyona ntaka inkulu ehlabathini, ifikelela malunga neesentimitha ezingama-130, nayo inobunzima obuziikhilogram ezili-16. Idla ngokufumaneka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kakhulu, okwangoku indawo yayo ibekwe kudederhu lweentaba zeAndes, eMelika.
Idla ngokuchazwa njengentaka yodwa. Ayinabungane kakhulu nobuntu, ukusondela kubukho babantu, ibaleka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Ukutya kwayo kusekelwe kwi-carrion, nangona ibonakaliswe ukuba inobuchule ekuzingeleni.
Ukhozi olunempandla
Intaka enkulu etya izilwanyana ezifileyo. Njengokhozi lwegolide, lufunyanwa luhlala kuMntla Merika, ngokukodwa, kumhlaba waseMelika. Ukwaqhele ukuzingela, ude akwazi ukuzingela izinja ngamanye amaxesha kwaye azixhwile kwiindawo eziphantsi, nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha uyazigxeka izilwanyana ukuba zizingele, kwaye uxhomekeke kwizilwanyana ezifileyo ezikwaziyo ukuzingela. ukufumana. Yintaka, ngelishwa, ngoku isengozini yokuphela.
ICuervo
Ngokuqhelekileyo ziintaka ezinyakazelayo. Ubukrelekrele babo bubalasele kakhulu, banenqanaba eliphezulu lobuqili, elibavumela ukuba baqhube ukuzingela okunikwe impumelelo enkulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Imele enye yeentlobo zeentaka eziye zakwazi ukugqiba ukuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo okubonelelwe ngamanani amakhulu abantu.
Peregrine falcon
Ingcaciso yale ntaka siye sayigcina ekupheleni kweli nqaku, ekubeni imela enye yezona ntaka zinomtsalane, ngokwemigaqo yazo zonke iintlobo zeentaka ezikhoyo emhlabeni. Olu hlobo lwentaka lunokufumaneka ikakhulu kummandla wamanye amazwekazi.
Ubungangamsha bobukho bayo bubangelwa ziimpawu ezifumaneka kwimibala egqamileyo enayo, umva wayo unentsiba ezineethowuni eziluhlaza, ezixutywe neethoni ezingwevu, yona iqulethe isisu esimhlophe, kwaye indawo ephezulu ithi intloko yakhe, ngeentsiba ezimnyama. Ngokubanzi, kolu hlobo lweentlobo, iimazi ziqulethe ubukhulu obukhulu kunamadoda. Ikwaziwa njengentaka edla inyama.
Ukutya
Luhlobo oluthanda ukutya kwezinye iintaka ezincinci kakhulu, ayifane ibonwe isitya inyama ebolileyo, ithanda ukungcamla umbulo kunye neentaka. Zimbalwa kakhulu izilwanyana ezanyisayo eziwela ezandleni zeli rhamncwa.
Yintoni iintaka ezidla inyama?
Iintaka ezidla inyama, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziintaka ezidla inyama, zimele ezona ntaka zinkulu ehlabathini. Ezi zikwabalwa njengezo zondla, kwezinye iimeko, kwi-carrion. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabo ludla ngokuthanda ukuphuhlisa ukuzingela. Olu hlobo lwentaka lunophawu oluphambili lokuxhwila naliphi na ixhoba elisoloko linikezelwa kubo. Noko ke, phezu kwako nje ukuxhwila ephila, ayabaqwenga de afe, aze ngaloo ndlela abaqwenge.
intaka edla inyama amagama
- Osprey
- Ukuloba ukhozi
- ukhozi olunesibindi
- ukhozi lwasenyangeni
- pomeranian ukhozi
- Ukhozi olunempandla
- Ukhozi oluvuzayo
- Ukhozi lwaseKapa
- itaita falcon
- Ixhalanga
- Andean condor
- Hawk
Ezi zezinye zezona ntaka zixhaphakileyo ezixhatshazwayo esinokuzigqamisa kuluhlu oluxeliweyo