Mhlawumbi enye yezona zinto zintle zendalo kwiplanethi yethu, kunye nenye yezona zinto zinzima ukuzichaza: Izibane zaseMantla. Ezi azenzeki nje indawo ephantse ibe yi-surreal esibhakabhakeni sethu, zikwayinto yophononongo lwenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi ezinokuchaza ukusebenza kwentsimi ye-electrestrial electromagnetic.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, njengathi, ngaxa lithile uye wamangaliswa ngumbono onomtsalane onokuthi izibane zasentla zivelise esibhakabhakeni sezibonda zomhlaba. Babonakala bephinda besenza umboniso ovela kumboniso bhanyabhanya wenzululwazi okanye umbono wesibhakabhaka kwiplanethi ethile engaqhelekanga ngaphandle kwesijikelezi-langa sethu.
Kodwa ayizizo izinto zenzululwazi, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo azingophawu lobuthixo (njengoko iinkcubeko ezininzi zamandulo zazikholelwa). Inyaniso, izibane zasemantla ziveliswa eMhlabeni, ngenxa yokuchukunyiswa kwamasuntswana omoya wethu ngefuthe lomoya welanga.
Ukuba ungathanda ukubona izibane ezisenyakatho kwaye ufuna ukwazi yonke into malunga nesi sihloko esinomdla, qiniseka ukuba ufunda inqaku lethu kude kube sekupheleni, apho siya kukufundisa khona. zithini na izibane zangasentla kunye neminye imiba ebalulekileyo enxulumene nabo.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nemimangaliso ehlala kwindalo yethu, akufanele uphoswe linqaku lethu I-Hubble telescope, iliso elijonge esithubeni.
Yintoni ukukhanya kwelanga?
Izibane zaseMntla ziyinto ye luminescence yendalo okwenzeka ebusuku esibhakabhakeni esikumntla wehemisphere yomhlaba.
Izibane ezivezwa esibhakabhakeni ziyamangalisa ngokwenene kuba zimile okweza lamaza kwaye zibonakala ngathi zihamba kancinane, le yayiyeyona nto yayimangalisa neyabaxaka abemi bamazwe apho esi siganeko sibonakala kangangeenkulungwane.
Nangona ingumboniso onemibala emininzi, izibane zaseMantla zibonakala ziluhlaza ubukhulu becala ngombala. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba uhlaza ngumbala wokusabela kweekhemikhali xa kufakwa i-ionizing i-oxygen particle, eyenzeka njengeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwimolekyuli kuloo ndawo yomoya wethu.
Nangona kunjalo, i-aurora borealis idla ngokutshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe umbala (opinki, obomvu, obhlowu) njengoko imitha yelanga ephuma kwimimoya yelanga ichulumancisa ezinye iimolekyuli ezixineneyo okanye ezingaphantsi kakhulu kwiatmosfera njengehydrogen, ikhabhoni kunye nenitrogen.
Inyaniso enomdla: ¡ AYIZIZO ZONKE I-AURORAS EZIBHEKILEYO!
Ngokubanzi, le nto ayenzeki kuphela kwipali esenyakatho yomhlaba, iyenzeka nakwi-pali esemazantsi, apho imeko iye yabizwa ngokuba iaurora australis
Zombini ezi ziganeko zidibene zaziwa njenge izibane zepolarnangona kunjalo, "Izibane zasemantla" zidume kakhulu kunamawele azo asemazantsi, ngenxa nje yokuba kulula ukuwabona kwaye anokubonwa kumazwe amaninzi.
Aurora Borealis: imvelaphi yegama
Nangona "ekuseni" ngokwayo ibhekisa kuekuseni", eli gama linikwe imbeko Ekuseni, uthixokazi waseRoma owayefuzisela ukuphuma kwelanga.
Kwelinye icala, igama elithi "Boreal" lithatyathwe kwigama lesiGrike "Boreas", inguqulelo yayo iya kuba “kumhlaba osemantla”.
Zenziwa njani izibane zasemantla?
Lo mfanekiso, othathwe siSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe, ubonisa ukuba ummandla wombane wombane wemagnethi yoMhlaba ukhangeleka njani xa uchwayitiswa ngumoya welanga, uvelisa izibane zaseMantla.
I-polar auroras (izibane ezisenyakatho kunye ne-austral) ziveliswa njengemveliso yokuvuselela i-radiation eziswa yimimoya yelanga kwiimolekyuli zegesi ezikhoyo kwi-atmosfera yethu.
Le nkqubo yenzeka ngenxa yokuba imimoya yelanga "iyashukunyiswa" ukuya kwiipali zomhlaba
phezu kweempembelelo zemagnetosphere yesijikelezi-langa sethu, ikhaka elingabonakaliyo elenziwe yimisebenzi yezimbiwa kumbindi weplanethi nesebenza njengethafa lamandla ngokuchasene nemitha yelanga ye-UV.
Xa le mimoya ifikelela kwiipali zomhlaba, imitha yayo ivuselela amasuntswana egesi, ibangela ukuba bafumane i-electron eyongezelelweyo, eyenza ukusabela okukhulu kwamandla, okubonakaliswa kwimeko yethu ngokudanyaza kokukhanya.
Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bemimoya, indawo yomhlaba kunye nobungakanani kunye nohlobo lwamaqhekeza e-ionized, iimpawu zeZibane zaseMntla zinokutshintsha, zihlala zithatha iifom ezahlukeneyo, zihamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe zitshintsha umbala wombala.
Kutheni zibonwa kwiipali kwaye kungekhona kwiplanethi yonke?
Kutheni i-polar auroras ingabonwa kuphela kwizibonda zomhlaba kwaye kungekhona kwiplanethi yonke enye yemibuzo eqhelekileyo ehambelana nesi sihloko. Ngapha koko, i-magnetosphere ijikeleze umhlaba wonke.
Ukwenza kube lula ukuyiqonda, siya kuyicacisa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Nangona imagnethi ijikeleze isijikelezi-langa sethu, ayinakuba nokwakheka kwengqukuva ehambelana nomhlaba, endaweni yoko ibiya kufana ne-ovali yeparabolic, ithe tyaba ngaphambili kwaye yande kakhulu kwindawo engasemva yeplanethi ngokunxulumene nelanga.
Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba amandla omoya welanga enza uxinzelelo kwintsimi yamandla, eyolulela ngasemva. Into efana nebiya kwenzeka ukuba singqonge ilitye elichatshazelwe kukuhamba kwamanzi emlanjeni ngeqamza.
Ke ngoko, eyona ndawo ikufutshane (ubude obuphantsi) bemagnethi ngokunxulumene nomphezulu womhlaba yenzeka kanye kwii-axes ezimbini zeplanethi, ihla iye kumanqanaba apho ukuhlangana kweemolekyuli zegesi kwiatmosfera kuninzi kakhulu (phakathi kwe-100 kunye 300 km ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle).
Nini kwaye phi ukubona izibane zaseMntla?
Ngenxa yobuhle bayo kunye nemeko ekhethekileyo kwiplanethi, ukubona izibane ezisemantla kuye kwaba ngumsebenzi womdla wabakhenkethi. Amashumi amawaka abantu ahamba nyaka ngamnye esiya kumazwe akwizibanzi ezisemantla, apho anokubona lo mdlalo uchukumisayo wokukhanya esibhakabhakeni.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuzingela izibane zaseMantla ayisingomsebenzi olula… okanye ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Izibane ezisenyakatho ziyinto engenakulinganiswa ngokupheleleyo, kuba izixhobo zethu azikwazi ukubala amathuba okubunjwa kokukhanya kwe-polar ngexesha kunye nendawo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba siyazazi iimeko ezithile ezinokwenza ukubona izibane zaseMantla zinokwenzeka ngakumbi kwindawo ethile.
Kuthatha ntoni ukuze ubona izibane zangasentla?
- I-auroras inokubonwa kuphela ngeso lenyama ebusika; Ngethamsanqa, ubusika kwi-North Pole bude kakhulu.
- Zinokujongwa kuphela kwizibanzi ezingaphezulu komgca wesangqa sepolar
- Elona xesha lilungileyo lokubona izibane zaseMntla liphakathi kweenyanga zika-Okthobha noMatshi.
- Khetha iindawo ezinongcoliseko oluncinci lwase terrestrial.
Zeziphi izibane zaseMantla ezibonwa kakhulu?
Kukho iindawo ezininzi zokusingwa zeNordic ezibonakala zilungile kuhambo lokukhangela izibane ezigqibeleleyo zaseMantla. Kuzo zonke, kunokwenzeka izibane zasemantla eNorway lelona lidumileyo kuzo zonke, ekubeni eli lizwe lifumana iindwendwe ezininzi ngonyaka ngenxa yale njongo.
Ezinye zeendawo apho unokubona khona izibane zasemantla zezi:
- UMntla Koloni – eNorway
- Isikhululo saseAurora Sky-iLapland yaseSweden
- Urho Kekkonen – eFinland
- Isiqithi saseLofoten - eNorway
- Fairbanks-Alaska
- Yellowknife - eCanada
- Iziqithi zaseShetland-UK
Izibane zaseMntla kumaxesha amandulo
Kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseNordic, izibane zaseMntla zasuka ekubeni yimfihlakalo zaya kwindawo ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko kunye neenkolelo zabo zonqulo. Enyanisweni, ngaphambi kokuqonda kwabo inzululwazi, izibane ezimhlophe, njengeendidi ezinomsila, zazinxulumene neentlekele zemvelo, izihlabo ezimbi nengqumbo yoothixo abathile.
AmaSami, abemi bomthonyama baseNorway
Intsomi yamaSami (abantu abasuka kwisiqithi saseLapland, emantla eNorway) isixelela ukuba ukubunjwa kwezibane zasentla kuveliswa ngumkhondo womlilo oshiywe ngu impungutye yasezulwini ukunqumla isibhakabhaka ebusuku.
KumaSami, umzila oshiywe ngumsila wempungutye evuthayo wawuya kuphawula indlela esuka kwinqwelomoya yasemhlabeni ukuya kwelinye ihlabathi.
Enyanisweni, igama lokuchonga izibane zaseMntla ngesiFinnish "i-revontulette", ngokoqobo kuthetha: Fire Fox.
EGreenland...
Abantu baseGreenlandic Eskimo babekholelwa ukuba indlela yokukhanya esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku yaveliswa ngumngcelele wemiphefumlo usiya kwelinye ihlabathi ngenxa yeemfazwe. ke ngoko, ukubonakala kwezibane zasentla ebudeni bokuphela konyaka kwathathwa njengesandulela semfazwe.
ngenxa yama-Inuit
Ama-Inuit ukwangabemi bomthonyama beEskimo. Ezi zizalelwa kwimimandla esemantla kuMntla Melika, ngakumbi iAlaska.
Kuma-Inuit, izikhanyiso zasentla zaziqhelekile njengoko kubonakala ngathi ukubona iinkwenkwezi ebusuku kunokuba njalo kuthi, ngoko ezi zihlobene ngokusondeleyo namasiko neenkolelo zawo.
Kwinkcubeko yabo, izibane ezisenyakatho zibonisa ukuhamba kwamandla okuthutha imiphefumlo yabafileyo emva kokufa, ngoko bayayihlonela kwaye kukho amabali amaninzi malunga nama-shamans abenze "uhambo lwe-astral" kwizibane ezisenyakatho.
Nangona kunjalo, ukungqubana kwezinto ezifunyenweyo kunye nesayensi yanamhlanje iye yasirhoxisa isiko le-Inuit kumabali ambalwa kunye neentsomi.