Izibane zasemantla ziziganeko ezimangalisayo ezihombise isibhakabhaka esisehlabathini ngenxa yomboniso ababewenza ngelo xesha. Kuninzi okuthethiweyo ngazo ukusukela oko zabhaqwa, zizinto ezisoloko zifundwa. Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza, ngaba zikhona ngaphaya koMhlaba? IRosetta Mission ingawuphendula loo mbuzo.
Umsebenzi ngamnye wendawo ujolise ekufundeni ngakumbi malunga nemiba ethile ye-cosmos kunye nezinto eziyenzayo. Umzekelo woku ziicomets ezidumileyo nezivunyiweyo kakhulu, izinto ezingaqondakaliyo ezidlulayo ezineempawu ezingapheliyo zokufunyanwa. Enye yezinto ezifunyenwe mva nje zizibane zayo ezisemantla, kodwa ngaba yinyani ngokwenene?
Unokuba nomdla kwinqaku lethu: Izibane zaseMantla: Ziyintoni kwaye zenziwe njani?
I-Rosetta Mission: Isibophelelo esibalulekileyo esicetywe yi-ESA
Umthombo: Imfihlo
Nge injongo ephambili yokufunda comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, la I-Arhente YaseYurophu Yendawo, yasungulwa ngo-2004, iRosetta probe. Uyilo lwakhe lwalubandakanya imodyuli elungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukujongana nomphezulu we-comet ekuthethwa ngayo, ukuthintela umonakalo onokwenzeka.
Ekuqaleni, indawo ephambili ye-Rosetta Mission yayiyi-comet eyahlukileyo kunokuba icwangcisiwe, kodwa ngenxa yeengxaki zokuqaliswa, esi siganeko sahlehliswa. Kwandula ke, ngohlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko olwenziweyo, i-space probe yayilungele ukuphinda ihambe. Ngeli xesha, ngenjongo entsha yokwenza isifundo.
Isindululo besibandakanya dibana ne-comet ekhankanywe ngasentla phakathi konyaka ka-2014 kunye no-2015 ngokulandelelanayo. Nje ukuba ibekwe kumphezulu weli qumrhu le-cosmic, le modyuli ekhankanywe ngasentla, ebizwa ngokuba yiPhilae, iya kuthumela iqela elikhulu lovavanyo.
Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezenza iqela eliphambili, ingcamango yayikukuqokelela inani elikhulu lezinto eziphathekayo kunye nolwazi kwi-67P. Kwakutheni ukuze? fumana izinto, iigesi kunye nezinye iintlobo zeekhompawundi eziqhelekileyo ze-comet ngenjongo yokufundwa.
Impumelelo yeMishini yaseRosetta iya kuphawula isiganeko esiyimbali kuluntu lwezenzululwazi, kuba loo njongo yamabhongo ingazange imiselwe. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kuphela imizekelo eyaziwayo, yayiziimpukane ezilula ezijikeleze i-orbit ye-comet, kodwa akukho nto iseke uqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo.
Zonke ii-comets zihlala zinyulu ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yelanga, oko kukuthi, azizange zenzeke nayiphi na i-metamorphosis ukususela ngoko. Kwaye nokuba banazo, zinqabile; ke ngoko, ukuzingca kuzo linyathelo elikhulu ukuya ngaphaya kwencam yentaba yomkhenkce embindini wolwandlekazi olukhulu.
Izibane zaseMantla: Ithuba elifunyenwe yiMishini yaseRosetta
Inyani engaphaya kophando yayiyi ukubonwa kwemifanekiso ye-electromagnetic kwinzwa ye-ultraviolet yeprobe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ekuphela kwemibutho ebikwazi ukukhupha le miboniso ye-cosmic yayiziiplanethi okanye iinyanga zinjalo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukumangaliswa kwabaninzi, izibane zaseMntla zinokwenzeka ukuba zikhona kwii-comets. Ndiyabulela ekufumaneni okwenziwe yiRosetta probe, i-horizon entsha ifunyenwe phantse ngokungalindelekanga, kodwa inokuba yinto entle.
Ekuqaleni, kwakucingelwa ukuba yi "coma" eqhelekileyo ye-comet, kodwa uphando olungakumbi malunga nendlela eyakhiwe ngayo, isiphelo sahlukile. Ukukhanya okujikeleze i-comet 67P yahlelwa njengeyayo kwaye yahlukile, into engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kolu hlobo lweziko. Ngokubanzi, ilandela phantse inkqubo efanayo yokwenziwa kwezibane ezisemantla kwiplanethi enguMhlaba.
Kuyo ngokwayo, ishwankathela kancinane zonke iimpendulo ezenzekayo, ngokusisiseko umoya kunye namasuntswana elanga Babetha umhlaba wemagnethi ngesantya esiphezulu. Ezi ngqungquthela zihlanjululwe ngombane, ukwenzela ukuba, ngexesha lokungqubana, likhulelwe umphumo wokukhanyisa owaziwayo ngabaninzi.
Ukusebenzisa le mibono kwi-comet, umahluko ocacileyo kuphela kukuba la masuntswana elanga ukungqubana ngqo neegesi ze "coma". Oko kukuthi, umoya welanga, ohlawuliswa ii-electron, uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-67P-CG.
Isiphumo kukuba "kukuqhekeka" kwamanzi kunye nezinye iinxalenye ezivelisa umphumo othile wezibane ezisemantla. Eli bali liyanceda yazi isimo sengqondo semozulu yelanga kunye nokuphuhliswa kwayo kwindawo ebandayo, esebenza njengebhulorho yokukhusela ubufundisi bexesha elizayo.
Uthanjisiwe nomxholo? Ngena kwezinye izinto ezifunyenwe kwiRosetta Mission!
Umthombo: Imfihlo
Ukuba ukhe wothuswa yinto yokuba kukho izibane zaseMntla kwi-comets, linda de ube ufumanisa lonke ulwazi olubuyisiwe nguRosetta. Nangona kunjalo, ayisiyonto ilula, kuba, okokuqala, i-ESA yagxekwa kabukhali ngenxa yokungafihli. Idatha eyayiqokelelwa yiRosetta probe azipapashwanga ngokweenkcukacha, ukwanda kokunganeliseki phakathi kwabantu.
Kakade ke, kwakutyholwa ukuba ukufunyaniswa kweMission yaseRosetta kwakungenakubonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo de kube lixesha emva kokuhlalutya kwabo ngenxa yezopolitiko zangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, yile nto kanye eyaziwayo ngokubulela kwintsebenziswano yeNASA ngoku.
Ingxabano malunga nemvelaphi yamanzi eMhlabeni
Iithiyori ezahlukeneyo kunye neengqikelelo zibambe ukuba amanzi asemhlabeni yehla kwimpembelelo ye-asteroids yamandulo kunye ne-comets ngokuchasene nomphezulu weplanethi. Kodwa, xa uphonononga ukubunjwa kwamanzi e-comet, isiphumo esifunyenweyo satshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo isiseko sokuqala.
Amacandelo kumanzi e-67P ahluke ngokupheleleyo kulawo aphathwayo eMhlabeni, ngoko ke i-spectrum yemvelaphi yabo iyancipha. Ngoku, amanzi kucingelwa ukuba avela ikakhulu kwii-asteroids.
Ngaba iikhomethi zinendawo yazo yemagnethi?
Enye ithiyori eyayibambelele ngamandla yayiyinkolelo yokuba imizimba emincinane ye-cosmic efana ne<em>comets inommandla wayo wemagnethi. Ngokukhawuleza yachaswa ngovavanyo olwenziwe yimodyuli yePhilae, egqiba kwelokuba ekuphela kwemagnethi eyayikho yileyo iveliswa ngumoya welanga.
Ngaba iinkanyezi eziziinkanyezi zinembopheleleko ngemvelaphi yobomi? Oku kwaziwa!
Phakathi kwezinye izinto ezifunyaniswe yiRosetta Mission, kodwa ezingabalulekanga kangako, yayizizixhobo zofuzo ezibalulekileyo ebomini. Ngaphakathi kokubunjwa kwesakhiwo se-comet 67P, i-amino acid ebalulekileyo ye-protein synthesis yafunyanwa, njengeGlycine. Ukwengeza, Ukugrunjwa kubonisa ubukho be-phosphorus, i-compound ebalulekileyo ye-membrane yeseli kunye ne-DNA ngokubanzi.