Ngokutsho kohlolisiso olwahlukahlukeneyo, sinokubonisa ukuba kukho izigidi zezijikelezi-langa ezineatmosfera nezinye izinto ezinxulumene nesijikelezi-langa esinguMhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngesihloko esinxulumene noko bekukhankanywe ngaphambili, kuba ugxininiso luya kubekwa kwi Umoya weMars.
Ngaphambi kokuya ngqo ekubunjweni, isakhiwo kunye nezinye iimpawu zalo moya, kubalulekile ukucacisa oko Marte sisijikelezi-langa sesine sesi sijikelezi-langa, yaye umoya ojikeleze umhlaba awufani kwaphela nowoMhlaba. Okwangoku, ibe nenzuzo enkulu kufundo lomgaqo-siseko wayo ngenxa yokufunyanwa kwezixa ezincinci zemethane, ezinokubonisa ukuhlalisana kokumelwa okuthile kobomi.
I-atmosfera yenziwe ngokuyinhloko yi-carbon dioxide kunye ne-95%, i-tentatively, nayo ine-nitrogen kunye nenani le-3% kwaye ekugqibeleni i-argon kunye ne-1,6%, kwaye ibandakanya ezinye ukulandelela ioksijini, imethane namanzi.
Umoya we-Mars ulula, kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric esithubeni lunokwahluka, malunga ne-30 Pa (0,03 kPa) phezulu INtaba yeOlympus ukuba ngaphezu malunga 1155 Pa (1,155 kPa) kwi Hellas Planitia amangcwaba kunye noxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lokwandiswa kwe-600 Pa (0,600kPa), xa kuthelekiswa nolo xinzelelo malunga ne-101300 Pa (101,3 kPa) kwinqanaba eliphantsi.
Kwelinye icala, umoya we-Mars unothuli kakhulu, unika isibhakabhaka saseMartian umbala omthubi xa ujongwe kwindawo. Idatha edluliselwe yi-Mars Exploration Rovers ibonisa ukuba amaqhekeza ekuphumleni amalunga ne-1,5 micrometres.
Kukho ilahleko engapheliyo yomoya ojikeleza ngaphandle. Kuqikelelwa ukuba nganye yesibini ngaphezu 100 grams of imeko-bume.
Unokuba nomdla: BIG BANG: INGCACISO KUNYE NOBUNGQINA OBUBONISA UKUQALA KWESIZWE
Iimpawu ezi-4 ze-atmosphere ye-Mars
Ezinye zeempawu ze-Atmosphere ye-Mars zezi:
1. Uxinzelelo
Umoya we-Mars uncinci kakhulu, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-avareji yendawo ye-6,1 mbar kuphela, ebonisa ukuba uxinzelelo oluphakathi Umphezulu womhlaba imalunga ne-1013 millibar.
2. Amanzi
Ngokuzenzekelayo, ixabiso eliboniswe ngasentla lisondele kakhulu kwindawo ephindwe kathathu yamanzi. Ulwelo lunokuba kwimo ezinzileyo kuphela ngaphezulu koxinzelelo lwamanqaku amathathu, ngoko ke ukumelwa kwe amanzi alulwelo kwindawo Marte uyathandabuza.
3. I-Topology
Nangona oko kwabhengezwa kwinqaku elidlulileyo, i ithografi ye Marte ivakale kakhulu kwaye iyahluka, kunye neendawo ezisezantsi ezisasazeka kwiindawo ezininzi ezisemantla kunye neendawo eziphakamileyo, ngakumbi emazantsi eikhweyitha.
Ngenxa yoko, i uxinzelelo esithubeni iyakwazi ukuhluka ngokubanzi ukusuka ekuphakameni kweentaba eziphakamileyo kunye neentaba-mlilo ezifileyo, apho ziphantsi kwe-4 mbar, kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphantsi, ezifana ne-canyons okanye i-deep blow holes, apho ifikelela kwi-10 mbar.
4. Umphunga wamanzi
Ukudunga i umphunga wamanzi emoyeni i-mariana kunye nokunyamalala kwemithombo yamanzi elulwelo, emikhulu okanye emincinci, kuthetha ukuba namhlanje iMars ayinawo umjikelo we-hydrological njengayo nayiphi na indawo ekufuphi noMhlaba (apho umphunga wamanzi ubalelwa kwi-1 - 4% engaqhelekanga kwindawo).
Nangona kunjalo, iatmosfera imartian ifumana amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, kangangokuba umphunga wamanzi wexeshana ongundoqo ufikelela kwelona galelo liphezulu lomoya osingqongileyo onokuwufumana, umoya uzaliswe.
phezulu kwi zulwini UMartian amafu amhlophe agqitywe kakhulu adalwe kwiikristale zomkhenkce zamanzi zinokudalwa, njengamafu eMhlabeni. Kulo mmandla, iiqabaka zahlala ebusuku kwaye zihlala ziphakanyiswa ngentsasa elandelayo.
Nangona kunjalo, iindawo ezinomkhenkce zingahlala kwiqhekeza elibonisa usuku, ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha, ngakumbi xa zisekwe kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okuncinci, ezifana neendonga zangaphakathi zemingxuma ethi, ngenxa yokuthambekela kunye nendawo, idlule uninzi lwe iintsuku zasebusika kwithunzi elimnyama.
Unokuba nomdla: IIMIELELE, IIFOMU ZAZO EZINYOBEKILEYO KWANYE NEYONA MIDLALO YAYO EQHELEKILEYO.
IiSensors ezi-3 eziNxulumene ne-atmosphere ye-Mars
Ezinye zezivamvo Emoya Ukusuka kuMars, zezi:
1. Isibonisi somoya (WS)
El isivamvo somoya amanqaku isantya somoya wengingqi kunye netrajectory ngamanqaku amathathu kwisilinda. Ngokuxutywa kwedatha ephononongwe ngababonisi abathathu, ukuqhelaniswa komoya kunye nesantya kufunyanwa. Kwintsimi nganye, kukho i-anemometer esekelwe kubuchwepheshe befilimu yobushushu. Isantya somoya sihambelana namandla angeniswe ukugcina ubushushu beefilimu buqinile.
2. ISensom yoBubushushu obuphantsi (GTS)
Ekuphela kwendlela yoqikelelo olunganxulumananga lobushushu bomzimba kukubonakaliswa kokukhutshwa kwe-infrared. Inzwa ye-REMS ilahla le ngcamango, uphando lokukhutshwa kwe-infrared kwaye isekelwe kuyo yenza a ukuphononongwa kobushushu bomhlaba.
3. Isibonisi soBuqondo boMoya (ATS)
I-thermistor encinci ebekwe kwincam yebar yindlela yokulinganisa ubushushu bomoya. Intonga yenziwe ngezinto eziphantsi zokufudumala eziphantsi. I-thermistor yesibini ebhasini isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuqukuqela kobushushu ukusuka kumzimba wosiba.
Ubume be-atmosphere ye-Mars
Umoya we Marte Yenziwe ngolu luhlu lulandelayo:
1. Umoya osezantsi
Kushushu ngenxa ye ukufudumeza uthuli ngokuphazamiseka kunye nomgangatho.
2. Umkhathi ophakathi
Marte Inomsinga oqukuqelayo oqukuqelayo kulo mmandla.
3. Upper Atmosphere OKANYE Thermosphere
Lo mmandla unamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu aveliswa bubushushu belanga. Kule ukuphakama, iigesi ziqala ukuhamba kude enye kwenye endaweni yokudibanisa, njengoko benza kwi umoya ophantsi.
4. Exosphere
Ukusuka kwi-200 km okanye ngaphezulu. Le ndawo kulapho yamvanje imicu yomoya edityaniswe nesithuba esingaphandle. Akukho njongo icacileyo okanye umda, kodwa kunoko iigesi ziyancipha ngokulandelelanayo kwaye zincinci.
Amacandelo ama-3 e-atmosphere ye-Mars
La Emoya I-De Mars yenziwe:
1.ICarbon Dioxide
Eyona nto iphambili kwiatmosfera yeMars yicarbon dioxide (CO2). Ipali nganye iyaqhubeka kwixesha lobumnyama obungapheliyo ngexesha lobusika behemisphere yayo, obuthi bukhenkce umphezulu ngendlela yokuba i-25% yeCO2 esesibhakabhakeni idibane ibe yimo eqinileyo, enjengomkhenkce owomileyo odala umkhenkce owomileyo. umkhenkce kwiipali.
Ngokufanayo, xa ipali iphinda iboniswe ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngexesha Ihlobo lasemartian, I-CO2 enomkhenkce iphakanyisiwe, ibuyela emoyeni. Le khosi ikhokelela kumahluko omkhulu woxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric kunye nokwakheka okujikeleze iipali ze-Martian, kodwa inqanaba layo liphantsi kakhulu ukuba livuyise i-greenhouse enesiphumo kwaye ivuselele umoya weplanethi.
2. IArgon
Umoya we-Mars ubukhulu becala uphuculwe kunye ne-argon yegesi ebalaseleyo, ngakumbi ngokulungelelana kunye nezinye iiplanethi zezinye iiplanethi. Inkqubo yesola. Ngokungafani ne-carbon dioxide, i-argon ayifuni, ngoko ke inani elipheleleyo le-argon emoyeni liqinile.
Nangona kunjalo, amalungu asekuhlaleni anokutshintsha ngenxa yokuhamba kwekhabhoni diokside ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye. Ubungqina besathelayithi bamva nje buveza ukwanda kwe-argon emoyeni phezu kwepali esemazantsi kwi ukuwa UMartian, echithwa kwintwasahlobo elandelayo.
3. Amanzi
Obunye ubuso be umoya we-martian bayakwazi ukuhluka ngobuchule. Ngedistillation yekharbon diokside ngexesha lehlobo laseMartian kuphuma umkhondo wamanzi. Umoya ovuthuzayo wexeshana utshayela kwiipali ngesantya esimalunga nama-400 km/h.
Ezi zaqhwithi zamaxesha onyaka zilahla umphunga omkhulu wamanzi kunye nothuli kwiqabaka kunye namafu afana ne-cirrus afana nalawo asemhlabeni. Ngaba amafu umkhenkce wamanzi bafotwa nguOpportunity ngo2004.
Unokuba nomdla: IZINTO EZI-3 EZIBALULEKILEYO ZOMHLABA WOMHLABA EVUNYIWE YINASA.
Ukuqukumbela, iphela imelwe zizigidi zeeplanethi kwaye nganye inomoya wayo, kwaye ngoko ke, i-Atmosphere ye-Mars ayiyi kuba yinto ekhethekileyo.