Kule nqaku Iincwadi zikaArturo Pérez Reverte Uya kufumana ulwazi malunga nemisebenzi yakhe, ngoko unokukhetha ukuba yeyiphi omele uqalise ukuyifunda. Lo mbhali ngumbhali wencwadi yochungechunge lukamabonwakude oludumileyo uLa Reina del Sur, kunye neKapteni Alatriste saga kunye neFalcó trilogy.
Iincwadi zikaArturo Pérez Reverte
Umbhali waseSpain uArturo Pérez Reverte ukwayintatheli kunye nelungu leRoyal Spanish Academy. Njengentatheli, usebenze njengentatheli yemfazwe, umhleli, intatheli, umbhali weskripthi kunye nombonisi wethelevishini. KwiRadio Televisora Española (RTVE) wasebenza ngexesha elisusela kwi-1985 ukuya kwi-1994. Phakathi kweentlobo zoncwadi lweencwadi ze-Arturo Pérez Reverte, unokufumana: Iinoveli, iinoveli zembali kunye namabali obuxoki abacuphi.
U-Arturo Pérez Reverte uye wapapasha, ukongeza kwiinoveli zakhe kunye neencwadi zembali, incwadi yabantwana, ezinye izinto ezikhethiweyo zamanqaku eendaba, kunye nezinye iincwadi ezincinci okanye ezimfutshane. Kuzo zonke iinoveli zalo mbhali, ishumi lizezemisebenzi yakhe emibini ebalaseleyo, iSaga yeziganeko ezizizo zikaKapteni Alatriste kunye netrilogy kaFalcó.
Iincwadi ezihambelana nezi ziganeko zimbini zinokufundwa ngokuzimeleyo, ngaphandle kokuba umbhali uzibhale ngokulandelelana kwazo. Ngoko ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulandele umyalelo ofanayo onikwe nguArturo Pérez Reverte kwiincwadi, ngokwemihla yokupapashwa kwazo, ukwenzela ukuphepha abaphangi abanokwenzeka okanye ukutyhilwa malunga neenoveli zangaphambili.
U-Arturo Pérez Reverte wenza kwi-2011 ye-Antena 3, ukulungiswa kwefilimu kunye neskripthi sochungechunge lwethelevishini iLa Reina del Sur. Uthotho olusekwe kwinoveli yegama elinye elabhalwa ngulo mbhali ngo-2002. Emva koko, sithetha ngeencwadi zalo mbhali ezahlulahlulwe phakathi kwezo zapapashwa kwinkulungwane edluleyo nezikhoyo ngoku. Ukongeza kwii-sagas ezimbini ngokwahlukileyo, njengendlela yokunceda xa ukhetha into yokufunda ngeencwadi zikaArturo Pérez Reverte.
Iincwadi zikaArturo Pérez Reverte ezipapashwe kwi-XNUMXth inkulungwane
Ngezantsi sisishwankathelo esifutshane seencwadi ezibhalwe nguArturo Pérez Reverte kwinkulungwane yokugqibela yama-XNUMX. Ezi zinikwe ngokulandelelana kwazo ngokonyaka wopapasho:
IHussar, eyapapashwa ngowe-1986: Incwadi ebekwe kwimfazwe yenkululeko (1808). I-protagonist yayo yi-rookie French hussar okanye ijoni, elibona kolu ngquzulwano lomkhosi ithuba lokufikelela kuzuko lomkhosi awayesoloko ephupha ngalo. Kodwa xa ejongene nenyaniso ebuhlungu, uyaqonda ukuba olu zuko yayilibali nje lentelekelelo yakhe.
Ngo-1988 wapapasha iThe Fencing Master.: Inoveli evela kwixesha laseSpain lika-Isabel II (1868) ethetha ngomfundisi-ntsapho onika iiklasi zokubiyela izidwangube zesixeko saseMadrid. Ukuphazamisa ubomi balo tishala ngokufuna inenekazi eliza kuthatha naye izifundo zokubiya. Ukusuka apho ukuguquka kuyaqala ukwenzeka. Le ncwadi yaqukwa phakathi kwekhulu leenoveli ezibalaseleyo zenkulungwane yama-XNUMX ezibhalwe ngeSpanish.
Itafile yeFlanders yonyaka we-1990: Le yinoveli yokuqala yombhali engeyiyo eyembali. Ingxelo yayo ihambelana nexesha ebhalwe ngalo, ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-80. Isicwangciso esisembindini sesicatshulwa senzeke kumbuyiseli omncinci wobugcisa, kunye nomzobo ovela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu ekubonakala ukuba iqulethe umyalezo ofihliweyo kumfanekiso we ukupeyinta.ongumdlalo wechess.
Iklabhu yaseDumas yapapashwa ngo-1993: I-protagonist yeli bali ngumzingeli weekopi ezinqabileyo zeencwadi zakudala, ofumana ikhomishini evela kwelinye elihlobene no-Alexander Dumas kunye nelinye eliyingqungquthela kwiidemon zakudala. Ezi ncwadi zikhokelela umzingeli ukuba angazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ubugcisa buxelisa ubunyani okanye kwenzeka okuchaseneyo. Siyakumema ukuba ufunde malunga noDumas, naye umbhali, kwinqaku: Alexander Dumas Biography: Imisebenzi yakhe ebalulekileyo. Umbhali ovunyiweyo ngokwazisa iRomanticism kwithiyetha yesiFrentshi.
Isithunzi sokhozi lonyaka ka-1993: Imbali yale ncwadi imfutshane, ibali elikrakra kwangaxeshanye libangel’ umdla. Ijongana neziganeko zomkhosi waseSpain ngamaxesha kaNapoleon, phantsi kweflegi yaseFransi eRashiya. Le ncwadi iqulethe uburharha abamnyama ukuba ungayeki ukuhleka.
I-Comanche Territory eyapapashwa ngo-1994: Le noveli ihlelwa njengeyomntu ozifundelayo. Ekubeni ibhekisela kumlinganiswa oyintatheli yemfazwe. Apho abalisa iziqendu zamava akhe kuMbindi Mpuma, eLatin America, eYugoslavia naseAfrika.
Umba obekekileyo ngo-1994: Ngumsebenzi omfutshane wentsomi obonisa ihenyukazi eliselula kunye nomqhubi welori, abanabaphathi abathile kunye nababethi basekhaya njengeentshaba.
Umsebenzi omfutshane we-1995: Le ncwadi idibanisa abathathu bababhali abakhankanywe ngasentla, i-hussar, isithunzi sokhozi kunye nomcimbi wembeko. Ukongeza, ibali elibizwa ngokuba ngumkhweli waseSan Carlos longezwa.
Ulusu lwegubu ukusuka kwi-1995: Le ncwadi iphuhlisa ibali malunga nophando lwecawe ebulalayo ukuze izikhusele, ikwaluphononongo lwaseSeville emva ko-1992.
Ileta ye-marque evela kwi-1998: Le ncwadi yingqokelela yemibhalo yombhali njengentatheli kwisongezelelo esibizwa ngokuba yi-El Semanal.
ISaga yoMphathi Alatriste
ISaga kaKapteni Alatriste yeyokuqala kwiinoveli ezisixhenxe ngumbhali uArturo Pérez Reverte ezenza uthotho. Inoveli yokuqala eyapapashwa ngo-1996, yenza lo mlinganiswa wasentsomini obizwa ngokuba nguKapteni Alatriste noligqala lemfazwe. Inoveli nganye kule saga ibalisa ukukhenketha kwalo mlinganiswa malunga nemishini ekufuneka izalisekile, ikwagxininisa isiganeko esithile sexesha.
Umsebenzi wokuqala kaCaptain Alatriste wenziwa ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yeemfazwe zeTres Felipes. Ukubonisa isixeko saseMadrid ukususela kwixesha le-1623 apho iqhinga eliyintsomi kunye ne-adventure lidityanisiwe. Incwadi nganye kule saga inokuthengwa kwaye ifundwe ngokwahlukeneyo, kuphela kuyacetyiswa ukuba ifundwe ngokulandelelana kweziganeko ezinikwe ngumbhali, ngokomhla wokupapashwa kwayo.
Zonke ii-Alatriste
Kodwa ukongeza, ukusukela ngo-2016 ukudityaniswa kwazo zonke ezi noveli zisixhenxe zapapashwa kumqulu omnye wamaphepha angama-1800, abizwa ngokuba yiTodo Alatriste. Lo mqulu wapapashwa kwiinguqulelo ezimbini, enye enekhava emnyama njengohlelo olukhethekileyo kunye nenye ithoni yeempawu zolu chungechunge, kwikhava enemibala ekhilimu. Nazi ezinye iinoveli ezintandathu ezenza le saga kaCaptain Alatriste:
Ukucocwa kwegazi (1997): Inoveli yesibini yomlinganiswa uKapteni Alatriste, enomxholo wonqulo, imicimbi yeNkundla Yokuncina Amakholwa nokuba yayinjani impembelelo yayo eSpeyin ngelo xesha.
Ilanga laseBreda (1998): U-Alatriste kunye neqabane lakhe u-Íñigo bazalisekisa i-mission kwiimfazwe zaseFlanders.
Igolide kakumkani (2000): I-Alatriste ibuya kwiimfazwe zeFlanders ngolwandle ukuya eSeville. Kwesi sixeko, uqhuba umsebenzi ojikeleze inqanawa evela eMelika ethwele igolide evela eMelika. Le noveli ibonisa ukubaluleka korhwebo kunye ne-Indies ye-Spain yelo xesha.
I-Knight kwi-Yellow Doublet (2003): I-Alatriste sele iseMadrid, ikwiyelenqe elichasene nobomi bokumkani nakwilizwe lemidlalo yeqonga.
Ukukhulisa iiCorsairs (2006): IAlatriste ifumaneka kulo lonke elaseMeditera, ukusuka eAlgeria ukuya eTurkey. Le noveli inika umbono weMeditera njengendawo yobundlobongela obuqhelekileyo phakathi kwamazwe ayingqongileyo.
Ibhulorho yababulali (2011): Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ukupapashwa kokugqibela kwesaga kaCaptain Alatriste. Iyelenqe lenzeka e-Itali, kunye nabalinganiswa abafana no-Diego kunye no-Íñigo sele bekhulile. Ngoobani ababandakanyekayo kwiyelenqe lokubulala iDoge yaseVenice.
Iincwadi zikaArturo Pérez Reverte ezipapashwe kwi-XNUMXst inkulungwane
Ngezantsi sisishwankathelo esifutshane seencwadi ezibhalwe nguArturo Pérez Reverte kule nkulungwane. Ezithiwe thaca ngokolandelelwano ngokonyaka wopapasho:
Ileta engqukuva (2000): Icebo elizele yintsomi, i-adventure, ingozi kunye nefuthe lexesha elidlulileyo kwixesha langoku. Iphuhliswe ngexesha elifanayo nokubhalwa malunga nokukhangela ubuncwane kwinqanawa etshonayo yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo. Kule ncwadi umbhali uvakalisa amava akhe aselwandle nawosapho lwakhe
Ngenjongo yokona (2001): Sisicatshulwa apho umbhali eqokelela okwesibini amanqaku akhe eVeki. Esi savenge sesibini sibhalwe phakathi kuka-1998 no-2001.
ICape Trafalgar (2004): Umbhalo kwinkumbulo yamakhulu amabini eminyaka yedabi laseTrafalgar. Umbhali ubalisa inguqulelo eyintsomi yesi siganeko sifana nemfazwe.
Awuyi kundithatha ndiphila (2005): Ukupapashwa kwesithathu kwamanqaku akhethiweyo umbhali awabhale kwi-XL Semanal phakathi kwe-2002 kunye ne-2005.
Umzobi weemfazwe (2006): Kumbhali le yeyona noveli yakhe ibalaseleyo, iphuhlisa umzabalazo phakathi kwentatheli ethatha umhlala-phantsi kunye nomlinganiswa weyona foto yakhe idumileyo nephumelele ibhaso. Umlingiswa osesithombeni ngumCroatia okhangela umfaki-zithombe osemhlala phantsi kwaye ngoku umzobi ukumbulala.
Usuku lomsindo (2007): Le yinoveli yembali apho umbhali ebeka abalinganiswa bokwenyani kwiindawo ababehlala kuzo kwimvukelo edumileyo eMadrid ngoMeyi 2, 1808 ngokuchasene nomkhosi kaNapoleon. Ipapashwa ngaphambi kwesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-200 yesi siganeko
Amehlo aBlue (2009)
Le ncwadi libali elifutshane elapapashwa okokuqala njengenqaku loncwadi ngumbhali we-El País Semanal ngo-2000. Kwiminyaka elithoba kamva yahlelwa kwaye yapapashwa njengencwadi yomntu ngamnye enomxholo onemifanekiso. Ibekwe ngexesha le-1520, kunye noHernán Cortez ezama ukushiya iTenochtitlán, eMexico. I-protagonist ijoni laseSpain elibalisa amava akhe kwaye kutheni ezifumana ephakathi kwaloo meko. Esinye sezi zizathu kukulindela ukuzalwa konyana wakhe nge-Aztec kunye nethemba lakhe lokuba uya kuzalwa ngamehlo aluhlaza kayise.
Ukuba uyawathanda amabali amafutshane, siyakumema ukuba udibane nombhali owaziwayo kwihlabathi loncwadi njengenye yeengcali kumabali amafutshane, uEdgar Allan Poe. Kwinqaku: Eyona nto ingcono Iincwadi zikaEdgar Allan Poe kunye nebhayografi yakhe
Xa sasingamajoni anyanisekileyo (2009): Ukupapashwa kwesine kwamanqaku akhethiweyo umbhali awabhalele XL Semanal.
Ungqingo (2010): Le yeyona noveli inde phakathi kweencwadi zika-Arturo Pérez Reverte. Inoveli ngokwayo iqulethe iiplani ezintathu ezahlukeneyo kwisitayile se-trilogy kumthamo ofanayo. Ngokwayo, ezi zintathu zidibana njengomfanekiso wembali weCadiz ngo-1811 urhangqwe ngamaFrentshi.
ihoplite encinci (2010): Yincwadi yabantwana enemifanekiso emininzi yoluhlu oluqokelelweyo olubizwa ngokuba yiNcwadi yam yokuQala. Ingqokelela eyenziwe ngeencwadi ngababhali abahlukeneyo, abafana no: Javier Marías, Mario Vargas Llosa, Almudena Grandes, Eduardo Mendoza kunye no-Enrique Vila Matas.
Iinqanawa ziyalahleka elunxwemeni (2011): Ngamabali amafutshane athetha ngemiba enxulumene nolwandle, izikhephe kunye noomatiloshe.
I-Old Guard Tango (2012)
Incwadi equlethe ibali lothando phakathi kwesibini esidibana ngamaxesha amathathu ahlukeneyo, i-20, i-30 kunye ne-60 yenkulungwane yokugqibela. Ungumdanisi we-tango, umkhohlisi kunye nomfana odlalayo, ungumfazi osisityebi kwaye otshatileyo waseSpain.
Isigulana sniper (2013): Incwadi ejongene nokukhangela umzobi omdala wasezidolophini, ngumhloli ogama linguLex Varela. Ngubani oyikhangela eSpain, ePortugal nase-Itali.
Izinja kunye noonyana beebhokhwe (2014): Ukhetho lwamanqaku oshicilelo abhalwe ngumbhali anemixholo malunga nezinja kunye nokuphathwa kwabantu kwezinja.
Amadoda alungileyo (2015): Incwadi apho abaphengululi ababini benkulungwane ye-XNUMX behamba ngolwimi lwaseSpain ukuya eParis ukuze bafumane iikopi zohlobo olutsha lombhalo osefashonini, iThe Encyclopedia.
Imfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain yaxelela abantu abancinci (2015): Isihloko sale ncwadi sicace kakhulu. Umbhali ufuna ukubonisa iziganeko ezifanelekileyo zeMfazwe yombango kumabali amafutshane kunye nemifanekiso kaFernando Vicente. Ngaloo ndlela kuya kuba ngcono kwaye kube lula kubantu abaselula ukuqonda.
UJodía Pavia (2016): Indlela ehlekisayo nengenantlonelo yokubalisa iMfazwe yasePavia
amaqhawe asezidolophini (2016): Isicatshulwa malunga nabaculi begraffiti kunye negraffiti, iifoto zeJeosm kunye neetekisi zikaArturo Pérez Reverte.
Izinja eziqinileyo azidanisi (2018): Le ncwadi luhlobo lwentsomi apho abalinganiswa zizinja. Libali elimnandi, elinethemba, likhohlakele kwaye lihamba ngaxeshanye.
iinwele (2018): Iqulethe amabali alishumi elinambini ngababhali abahlukeneyo kodwa anomxholo ofanayo: ISpain kwimfazwe yenkululeko ye-United States of America.
Imbali yaseSpain (2019)
Ukukhethwa kwamanqaku amalunga nekhulu apapashwa phakathi kuka-2013 kunye no-2017 kwi-XL Semanal kwimbali yaseSpain. Amanqaku abalwa ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-91, kwaye asusela kwimpucuko yokuqala yaseSpain ukuya kwiNguqulelo.
Sidi (2019): Ngokuchaseneyo noko wakufundayo umbhali kumagumbi akhe okufundela ngeminyaka yoo-60 kwiFrancoist nakwilizwe laseSpain. UPérez Reverte uqala kwibali lobomi bukaRodrigo Díaz de Vivar. Ngexesha lokugxothwa kwakhe kwimimandla yase-Alfonso VI yaseCastile, enyanzelwa ukuba afunge esidlangalaleni ukuba wayengenanxaxheba ekubhubhisweni komntakwabo.
Umqolomba weecyclops (2020): Olu lupapasho olunokufumaneka kuphela ngohlobo lwencwadi ye-elektroniki, kuba yapapashwa ngexesha lendyikityha ye-Covic 19. Iqulethe ukhetho lweeakhawunti ze-Twitter ezingaphezu kwamawaka amathandathu ombhali @perezreverte akhawunti. Bonke bathetha ngoncwadi xa besabela kumawaka abalandeli babo.
Iincwadi zikaArturo Pérez Reverte kunye noKumkanikazi waseMzantsi (2002)
ILa Reina del Sur yenye yeencwadi eziphambili zikaArturo Pérez Reverte, okokuqala ngenxa yokuba yeyona idla ngokucetyiswa ngumbhali kubafundi bakhe. Kwaye enye ngokuba yenye yezona zidumileyo nezaziwa kwihlabathi liphela. Enyanisweni, inokufumaneka kwiinguqulelo zeelwimi ezininzi.
Kwakhona kule ncwadi unokufumana omnye wabalinganiswa ababhinqileyo ababalaseleyo kwiincwadi zale nkulungwane. Lo mlinganiswa wasetyhini nguTeresa Mendoza, inkosikazi yomrhwebi weziyobisi waseSinaloa, eMexico. Owake waba sengozini kufuneka abaleke kwaye aguquke abe ngumfazi onesibindi kwaye onesibindi. Uyilo lwenzeka phakathi kweMexico neSpain. Le ncwadi yatshintshwa ngulo mbhali mnye kumabonakude ngo-2011.
I-Trilogy yeencwadi zikaArturo Pérez Reverte: Falcó
I-Falcó yincwadi yokuqala kwisaga sale noveli yobuntlola epapashwe ngo-2016. Umlinganiswa wayo ophambili nguLorenzo Falcó, ohamba phakathi kwehlabathi lobuntlola kunye neenkonzo zobuntlola.
I-Falcón kule nxalenye yokuqala ibandakanyeka ekungeneni kwintsimi yaseRiphabhlikhi phakathi kweMfazwe yaseSpain, kwisicwangciso sokukhulula uJosé Antonio Primo de Rivera entolongweni yase-Alicante. Inoveli ethi Falcó yamkelwa kakuhle ngabafundi kangangokuba udumo lomlingiswa wakhe lubonakaliswa kwezi noveli zimbini zipapashiweyo:
- uEva (2017)
- kunye neSabotage (2018)
Okokugqibela, siyakumema ukuba ufumane olunye uthotho lweencwadi ngumbhali waseColombia uMario Mendoza, engena kweli nqaku: Iincwadi zikaMario Mendoza kunye nebhayografi yakhe.